2.5.
Genetics
Definitions
Term
Species
Heredity
Gene Expression
Gene
DNA
RNA
DNA profiling
Coding dna
Non-coding dna
Genetic screening
Transcription
Translation
Pyrimidine Bases
Purine Bases
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
Gamete
Fertilisation
Allele
Locus
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Genotype
Phenotype
Progeny
Dominance
.
Definition
Organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
The passing on of traits from parent to offspring by means of genes
The process of using the information on the gene to make a protein
A unit of DNA which codes for the production of a specific protein
Deoxyribonucleic Acid – a double stranded nucleic acid
Ribonucleic Acid – a single stranded nucleic acid
Examining DNA / for a pattern or band / to compare
………………………………………………………….
A method of making a unique pattern of bands from the DNA of a
person, [which can then be used to distinguish that persons DNA
from other DNA]
That part of the chromosome which carries the infomation to make a
protein
That part of the chromosome which does not carry the infomation to
make a protein
Testing (people) for the presence of a (specific) gene or
To establish presence or absence of gene(s)
The process of producing mRNA using DNA as a template.
The process of making a protein using the mRNA code a template
Adenine and Guanine are the two pyrimidine bases. They are single
ring molecules
Cytosine and Thymine are the two purine bases. They are double
ring molecules
Messenger RNA takes the complementary DNA strand out of the
nucleus and into the cytoplasm.
Transfer RNA - As the mRNA moves through, tRNA molecules
carrying the appropriate amino acid bind to the RNA codon to which
they are matched, and the sequence of amino acids is put together.
Ribosomal RNA – found in the ribosome and allow protein
synthesis to occur
A haploid sex cell which is capable of fusion
The fusion of 2[haploid] gametes to form a [diploid] zygote
An alternative form of a gene
Is the position of a gene on a chromosome
Has identical alleles [for a trait]
Has different alleles [for a trait]
The genetic make-up of an individual
Physical appearance of an organism
The offspring that are produced
One allele masks the expression of the other.
Recessive
Allele whose expression is masked by dominant allele
Incomplete
Dominance
Autosomes
Variation
Neither allele masks the expression of the other.
Mutation
Mutagen
Gene mutation
Chromosome
mutation
Genetic
engineering
Restriction
Enzymes
DNA Ligase
Evolution
Change in the genetic make up
An agent that causes a mutation
Changes that occur in a single gene
Large changes that occur in the structure or number of one or more
chromosomes
Natural Selection
Palaeontology
Law of
Segregation
Law of
Independent
Assortment
Linkage
Sex Linkage
Non nuclear
inheritance
.
Non sex chromosomes
Difference between members of species or population
Manipulation or alteration of genes
Enzymes that cut DNA
An enzyme that sticks DNA together
(Inheritable) change within a population (or species) / in response to
change in the environment / by natural selection/over time
Is the process by which those organisms with genetically controlled
characteristics that allow them to be well adapted to their
environment will survive and reproduce and pass on their genes to
the next generation
The study of fossils
Inherited factors are controlled by pairs of factors. These factors
separate from each other at gamete formation with only one member
of the pair being found on the gamete
When gametes are formed either of a pair of factors is equally likely
to combine with another pair of factors
Genes that are located on the same chromosome
The characteristic is controlled by a gene on an X chromosome
Extra nuclear genes that are present in mitochondria and
chloroplasts and can reproduce by themselves and pass on their
genes to resulting organelles.
2.5.
Genetics
Define the following terms in the space provided:
Term
Species
Heredity
Gene Expression
Gene
DNA
RNA
DNA profiling
Coding dna
Non-coding dna
Genetic screening
Transcription
Translation
Pyrimidine Bases
Purine Bases
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
Gamete
Fertilisation
Allele
.
Definition
Locus
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Genotype
Phenotype
Progeny
Dominance
Recessive
Incomplete
Dominance
Autosomes
Variation
Mutation
Mutagen
Gene mutation
Chromosome
mutation
Genetic
engineering
Restriction
Enzymes
DNA Ligase
Evolution
Natural Selection
Palaeontology
Law of
Segregation
Law of
Independent
.
Assortment
Linkage
Sex Linkage
Non nuclear
inheritance
2.5.
Genetics
State the term which may apply to the following definitions
Term
Definition
Organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
The passing on of traits from parent to offspring by means of genes
The process of using the information on the gene to make a protein
A unit of DNA which codes for the production of a specific protein
Deoxyribonucleic Acid – a double stranded nucleic acid
Ribonucleic Acid – a single stranded nucleic acid
Examining DNA / for a pattern or band / to compare
………………………………………………………….
A method of making a unique pattern of bands from the DNA of a
person, [which can then be used to distinguish that persons DNA
from other DNA]
That part of the chromosome which carries the infomation to make a
protein
That part of the chromosome which does not carry the infomation to
make a protein
Testing (people) for the presence of a (specific) gene or
To establish presence or absence of gene(s)
The process of producing mRNA using DNA as a template.
The process of making a protein using the mRNA code a template
Adenine and Guanine are the two pyrimidine bases. They are single
ring molecules
Cytosine and Thymine are the two purine bases. They are double
ring molecules
Messenger RNA takes the complementary DNA strand out of the
nucleus and into the cytoplasm.
Transfer RNA - As the mRNA moves through, tRNA molecules
carrying the appropriate amino acid bind to the RNA codon to which
they are matched, and the sequence of amino acids is put together.
Ribosomal RNA – found in the ribosome and allow protein
.
synthesis to occur
A haploid sex cell which is capable of fusion
The fusion of 2[haploid] gametes to form a [diploid] zygote
An alternative form of a gene
Is the position of a gene on a chromosome
Has identical alleles [for a trait]
Has different alleles [for a trait]
The genetic make-up of an individual
Physical appearance of an organism
The offspring that are produced
One allele masks the expression of the other.
Allele whose expression is masked by dominant allele
Neither allele masks the expression of the other.
Non sex chromosomes
Difference between members of species or population
Change in the genetic make up
An agent that causes a mutation
Changes that occur in a single gene
Large changes that occur in the structure or number of one or more
chromosomes
Manipulation or alteration of genes
Enzymes that cut DNA
An enzyme that sticks DNA together
(Inheritable) change within a population (or species) / in response to
change in the environment / by natural selection/over time
Is the process by which those organisms with genetically controlled
characteristics that allow them to be well adapted to their
environment will survive and reproduce and pass on their genes to
the next generation
The study of fossils
Inherited factors are controlled by pairs of factors. These factors
separate from each other at gamete formation with only one member
of the pair being found on the gamete
When gametes are formed either of a pair of factors is equally likely
to combine with another pair of factors
Genes that are located on the same chromosome
The characteristic is controlled by a gene on an X chromosome
Extra nuclear genes that are present in mitochondria and
chloroplasts and can reproduce by themselves and pass on their
genes to resulting organelles.
.