AP World History
Due:8/24/12
Score
__
50
/5 pts
Name: Elizabeth York
Date: 8/21/12
Period: 6th
Chapter 3: The Mediterranean and Middle East, 2000–500 B.C.E
*Complete General Factual information for the chapter. Discuss three subthemes for each
of the Five SPICE Themes. Answer Focus Questions in complete sentences.
Timeline of Important events
2000 BCE
1700-1200 BCE
1500 BCE
1460 BCE
1200 BCE
1000 BCE
911 BCE
744-727 BCE
668-627 BCE
626-539 BCE
612 BCE
2040-1640 BCE
1640-1532 BCE
1470 BCE
1353 BCE
1200-1150 BCE
/5 pts
Horses in use
Hittites dominant in Anatolia
Hittites develop iron metallurgy
Kassites assume control of southern Mesopotamia
Destruction of Hittite kingdom
Iron metallurgy begins
Rise of Neo-Assyrian Empire
Reforms of Tiglath-pileser
Reign of Ashurbanipal
Neo-Babylonian kingdom
Fall of Assyria
Middle Kingdom
Hyksos dominate northern Egypt
Queen Hatshepsut dispatches expedition to Punt
Akhenaten launches reforms
Sea Peoples attack Egypt
Important Individuals and Groups
Dido
Hittites
Kassites
Hyksos
Elamites
Assyrian Dynasty
Hatshepsut
Akhenaten
Nefertiti
Ramesses II
Haremhab
Minoan
Fled with her supporters after her husband was killed by her brother
Spoke Indo-European language
Peoples from the Zagros Mountains
Possessed military technology advantages over Egyptians
Adapted cuneiform system to write their own language
Briefly gained control of the upper Euphrates River
Queen of Pharaoh Tuthmosis II and got royal title for herself 1473-1458 BCE
Wanted to spread belief in Aten; credited for creating monotheism(belief in one god)
Akhenaten’s wife
Ruled for 66 years in the Ramessides Dynasty
Seized throne and made new dynasty (Ramessides Dynasty)
Had centralized gov’t, monumental building, bronze metallurgy, writing, and record keeping
Expelled the Hyksos from Egypt
Kamose & Ahmose
/4 pts
Carthage
Tyre
Babylonia
Zagros Mountains
Ugarit
Cnossus,Phaistos,&Mallia
Ashur
Punt
Egypt & Nubia
Important Places
Dominated commerce of western Mediterranian
Where Dido fled
Where Kassites first settled
Where Kassites lived
Where symbols were used to write consonant sounds
Where the Minoans built palaces
Leading urban center of the northern Tigris
Where Hatshepsut sent a naval expedition down the Red Sea (fabled land)
Many events happened in these places
/6 pts
Social: Development and transformation of social structures
A – Gender Roles Men and women had a variety of roles, but gender definitely played a part in who
and Relations
did what. In Israel with the Israelites, women provided vital goods and services and
also sustained the family. The Assyrians had special armies and only men could
serve in the army. Man served in return for land grants, and peasants and slaves.
C – Racial and
Ethnic
Constructions
B – Family and
Kinship
/6 pts
Some civilizations’ races could not be determined with the evidence we have. The
ethnicity of the Minoans is undetermined. We also cannot decipher their writing yet.
We know very little about neither the Minoans nor the Mycenaeans. The
Mycenaeans were of Indo-European decent, because the Indo-European ancestral
to Greek sula around 2000 BCE.
Some people gave more care about their families than other civilizations. The
Mycenaeans had tombs with the leading rulers and families. They were very
elegant. The Assyrians had the king usually choose one of his sons to be his
successor. The kings were buried in Ashur.
Political: State-building, expansion, and conflict
A – Political
Structure
Some political structures can stay strong, but others may fall quick because of the
lack of good influence. The Minoans had a centralized government with
Mesopotamian, Egyptian, and Syrian influences. The Babylonian Jews had a good
political autonomy, but lost it as well as the experience of exile.
F – Revolts and
Revolutions
The Phoenicians looked to the Carthaginians, but both did different things. The
Phoenicians used Carthage for military protection and followed its lead in foreign
policy. Carthaginians were not forced to serve in the army, because they could be
better and more valued in other things, such as trading and the navy.
B – Governance
While the Israelites looked to religious governance, the Assyrians looked to
someone not religious. The religious leader in Israel was named Samuel. He saw
that a stronger central authority was needed and people listened. The Assyrians
looked to their king for governance. He was the military leader, responsible for
campaigns, and often away from the capital commanding operations in the field.
/6 pts
Interaction between humans and the environment
F – Technology
Some civilizations had technology that helped for way. The Hittites were the first to
have a technique to make tools and iron weapons. They also had horse drawn war
chariots. The Hyksos had military technology that gave them an advantage over
Egypt. They had horse drawn war chariots just like the Hittites, and also had
composite bows.
D – Patterns of
Settlement
The Kassites preferred a river, but the Assyrians preferred plain land. The Kassites
first settled into Babylonia along the Tigris and Euphrates. The Assyrians’
homeland is in northern Mesopotamia. It was hillier, unlike the flat expanse of
Sumer and Akkad.
C – Migration
/6 pts
E – Architecture
F – Language
and
Communication
A - Religions
and Belief
Systems
Some places can be forced to migrate. The Kingdom of Judah (the Israelites) was
captured and the royal family was forced to migrate to Babylonia. The Assyrian
government would force people to migrate to keep the city in shape. They would
even execute people.
Cultural: Development and interaction of cultures
Many civilizations had unique architecture, some known and others not. The
Assyrians had the leading urban center on the northern Tigris because of the
design and architecture of the building. The Minoans build sprawling palaces in
places like Cnossus, Phaistos, and Mallia.
Both the Phoenicians and the Elamites and Hittites used symbols to represent
communication methods. The Phoenicians had an alphabetic system where each
symbol (about 24 symbols) represented a certain sound. The Elamites and the
Hittites adapted the cuneiform system with 30 symbols representing consonant
sounds.
Most religions have many things in common. Carthaginian religion has a chief
among them. Ball Hammon was the storm-god, and Tanit was a female fertility
figure. Phoenician towns have walled enclosures where thousands of small,
sealed urns containing the burned bones of children lay buried. They believed
that would please the gods.
/6 pts
Economic: Creation, expansion, and interaction of economic systems
B – Trade and
Commerce
Both the Aegeans/Mycenaeans and the Israelites could trade to farther lands. The
Aegeans/Mycenaeans had long-distance trade because of the skills of Minoans
and Mycenaeans. They build light wooden ships were not very big, so crews had
to go ashore to eat and sleep. Israelites were sent by Solomon and Hiram to sail
into the Red Sea and trade with near and distant lands.
F – Taxation
Some civilizations are forced to pay taxes, but others aren’t. Assyrian officials
oversaw tax payments. Officials were often inspected frequently by royal
overseers. The Mycenaeans also didn’t pay taxes because trade and piracy
brought in so much money that taxation wasn’t needed.
C–
Specialization
/6 pts
Artisans were the most specialized people in these civilizations. Nebuchadnezzar
captured Jerusalem in 587 BCE, and he turned it into a city of specialized people,
like artisans, scribes, and blacksmiths. The Mycenaeans adopted Minoan styles
and techniques and became artisans with pottery and vase painting.
Focus Questions
How did a cosmopolitan civilization develop in the Middle East during the Late Bronze
Age, and what forms did it take?
What civilizations emerged in the Aegean world, and what relationship did they have to
the older civilizations to the east?
Between 750 and 550 B.C.E., what factors prompted the transformation of the ancient
Middle East?