History is the
study of the past
History is not just a simple
list of facts from the past. It
is the way people look at or
interpret the meaning of
those facts.
Interpretation
Different people will look at
the facts in different ways.
• Prehistory
Before Writing
• History
Writing (800 BC)
Used stories told to him
from different cultures
to write his books
“The Histories”
Herodotus of Halicarnassus
(484 BCE – ca. 425 BCE)
Used scientific approach
attributing major events to
human choice rather than
divine intervention and relied
of factual and observations.
Thucydides (ca. 460 BCE – ca. 400 BCE)
End to End
WHAT IS BC?
• Before Christ
•Also called
Before the
Common Era =
BCE
WHAT IS AD?
• After Christ
(Ann0 Domini)
• Also called the
Common Era =
CE
332 BC
1 AD
100 AD
500 AD
500 BC
332 BC
100 AD
Where is zero on the timeline?
How to Read a Time Line
Dates are Earlier
From 1 AD
Dates are Older
From 1 AD to BC
BC Rule – The Higher
the Date the Earlier in
Time it is (Oldest).
AD Rule – The Higher
the Date the Later in
Time it is (Newest).
If in the same time period (AD or BC)
You subtract the dates.
1000
AD
500
AD
500
Years
If in the same time period (AD or BC)
You subtract the dates.
2000
BC
1000
BC
1000
Years
If NOT in the same time period (AD or
BC) You add the dates.
2000
BC
500
AD
2500
Years
If NOT in the same time period (AD or
BC) You add the dates.
332
BC
778
AD
1110
Years
What is Circa?
Circa means: around or about
Examples: c. 5000BC
c. 20,000BCE
c. 300AD
c. 800CE
The reason why we call it Social
Studies is because there are
many disciplines (fields) within
the Social Sciences.
Study of humankind
Anthropologist
Study human society
usually from artifacts.
Archaeologist
Study of the production, distribution, and
consumption of goods and services.
Economist
The study of society
Sociologist
The study of social problems
1: Zeno of Citium 2: Epicurus 3: (Federico II of Mantua?) 4: Boethius or Anaximander or
Empedocles? 5: Averroes 6: Pythagoras 7: Alcibiades or Alexander the Great?
8: Antisthenes or Xenophon? 9: Hypatia (Francesco Maria della Rovere?) 10: Aeschines
or Xenophon? 11: Parmenides? 12: Socrates 13: Heraclitus (Michelangelo) 14: Plato
(Leonardo da Vinci) 15: Aristotle 16: Diogenes 17: Plotinus (Donatello?) 18: Euclid or
Archimedes with students (Bramante)? 19: Zoroaster 20: Ptolemy? R: Apelles (Raphael)
21: Protogenes (Il Sodoma, Perugino, or Timoteo Viti)
Sociologist