Environmental Science 07
Study Guide
Freshwater Ecosystems, Marine Ecosystems
SEV2.d.
Rev. 06-18-15
Online Textbook: Types of Ecosystems (Biomes)
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Write the correct definition for each term, or answer the question. -25 for blanks or silly answers.
A. barrier island ______________________________________________________________________
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B. benthic zone _______________________________________________________________________
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C. benthos __________________________________________________________________________
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D. coral reef _________________________________________________________________________
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E. estuary ___________________________________________________________________________
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F. eutrophication _____________________________________________________________________
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G. freshwater ecosystem _______________________________________________________________
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H. littoral zone _______________________________________________________________________
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I. mangrove swamp ___________________________________________________________________
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J. marine ecosystem ___________________________________________________________________
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K. nekton ___________________________________________________________________________
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L. plankton __________________________________________________________________________
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M. salt marsh ________________________________________________________________________
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N. toxins ____________________________________________________________________________
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O. wetland __________________________________________________________________________
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Also know:
Too many nutrients in a lake causes eutrophication. As nutrients rise, so do the number of bacteria.
These bacteria can deplete the oxygen in the water so completely that many organisms that
depend on oxygen are killed. These include fish, mollusks, and crustaceans. Eutrophication can
be caused by sewage, agricultural fertilizer runoff, or animal waste runoff.
Wetlands are important to fisheries in the United States because wetlands are where many species of fish
feed and spawn.
Mangrove trees grow in tropical areas and in subtropical areas.
Tiny organisms which break down dead organisms are called decomposers.
Tiny animals, called coral polyps, that secrete limestone are very vulnerable to CO2 in the ocean and
form habitat for many organisms by creating coral reefs.
The only continent never colonized by humans is Antarctica.