Name: KEY
Date:
World Geography – Period:
1st Six Weeks Test Review
Directions: Use your notes and pgs. 44 – 73 to complete the review for the 1st six weeks test.
Identify:
1. Earth’s Layers
Crust
Mantle
Core
2. Lithosphere
Soil, rocks, landforms, and other surface features
3. Atmosphere
Layer of air, water, and other substances above the earth’s surface
4. Biosphere
Plants, animals, and other living things that occupy the land and water of the planet
5. Hydrosphere
Water in oceans, lakes, and rivers, including underground
6. Continental Drift Theory
Alfred Wegener’s theory that there was once a single “supercontinent” (Pangaea) that broke up and
drifted apart into the continents we see today.
7. Plate Tectonics
The theory that the earth’s outer shell is composed of a number of large plates that constantly move
because of convection currents in the mantle.
Identify following & What they cause:
8. Divergent
Plates move apart from each other
Causes: rift valleys and mid-ocean ridges
9. Subduction
Plates collide; one gives way and goes under the stronger plate.
Causes mountains on land and trenches underwater. Found usually along coastlines.
10. Convergent
Two plates collide and push each other upwards
Causes large mountain ranges
Rockies and Himalayas are good examples.
11. Transform/Faulting
Plates that grind past each other
Causes fault lines and earthquakes.
12. Ring of Fire
Circle of volcanic activity that surrounds the Pacific Ocean.
13. Mechanical Weathering (definition)
Actual breaking up of rock physically.
a. Causes of mechanical weathering (examples)
Frost wedging – Water freezes inside rock; then expands, cracking the rock.
Root Wedging – roots of plants getting into the cracks of rocks and breaking the rocks apart
14. Chemical Weathering (definition)
Alters the chemical make up of rocks.
a. Causes of Chemical Weathering (examples)
Acid rain – rain mixed with pollutants that dissolves rock over time
Leaching – Process of soil losing its nutrients.
15. Erosion
Movement of weathered material such as gravel, soil, and sand
a. Causes of Erosion
Water – greatest cause of erosion. Creates canyons and valleys.
Wind - Second major cause of erosion. Wind erosion caused the “dust bowl” of the United
States.
Glacier – Large slow moving sheets of ice, that carry dirt and rocks as they move and then
deposit the dirt and rocks once they melt. Moraines are ridge like piles of rock and debris left
by glaciers.
16. Rotation
When the earth spins on its axis. Creates day and night.
17. Revolution
One complete orbit around the sun. 1 revolution = 1 year
Combined with the tilt of the Earth to create seasons.
18. Equinox
The two times of each year (spring and fall) when the sun’s rays shine directly on the Equator.
19. Solstice
The two times a year (summer and winter) when the sun’s rays shine directly on the Tropics of Cancer
and Capricorn.
20. Earth-Sun Relationship (for each date, write if it is a solstice, equinox, and which season each
hemisphere is in)
March 21 – Equinox
a. Northern Hemisphere
Spring
b. Southern Hemisphere
Fall
June 21 – Solstice
c. Northern Hemisphere
Summer
d. Southern Hemisphere
Winter
September 21 – Equinox
e. Northern Hemisphere
Fall
f. Southern Hemisphere
Spring
December 21 – Solstice
g. Northern Hemisphere
Winter
h. Southern Hemisphere
Summer
21. What is the difference between weather & climate?
Weather – The daily condition of the atmosphere which includes temperature and precipitation.
Climate – Weather patterns that an area experiences over a long period of time
22. What are the factors that influence climate? (LACEMOPS)
a. L – Latitude (most important climate factor)
b. A – Air Masses
c.
C – Continentality
d. E – Elevation
e. M – Mountain Barriers
f.
O – Ocean Currents
g.
P – Pressure Cells
h. S – Storm Systems
Climate Zones
23. Low/Tropical Latitudes
a. Definition:
Latitudes found between the Tropic of Cancer to the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° N – 23.5° S)
High temperatures all year long
b. What climate regions are found here?
Tropical Wet; Tropical Wet and Dry
24. Mid/Temperate Latitudes
a. Definition:
Latitudes between Tropics of Cancer and Arctic Circle (23.5° N – 66.5° N); Tropic of Capricorn
and Antarctic Circle (23.5° S – 66.5° S)
Warm summer temps; cold winter temps
b. What climate regions are found here?
Semiarid; Arid; Mediterranean; Humid Subtropical; Marine West Coast; Humid Continental;
Subarctic
25. High/Polar Latitudes
a. Definition:
Latitudes above the Arctic Circle (66.5° N - 90° N) and below the Antarctic Circle (66.5° S - 90°
S)
b. What climate regions are found here?
Tundra; Ice Cap