Chapter 4 – Earth Study Guide
Label the parts of the Earth:
1. Inner Core
2. Outer Core
3. Mantle
4. Crust
You will need to study and know the definitions of
Rotation:
Revolution:
Vernal Equinox:
Summer Solstice:
Autumnal Equinox:
Winter Solstice:
Use your class notes to answer the following fill in the blank.
23.5° N. Latitude is called the Tropic of Cancer
23.5° S. Latitude is called the Tropic of Capricorn
0° Latitude is called the Equator
The Earth’s shape is spherical
The North Pole has continuous light during the Summer
The North Pole has continuous darkness during the Winter
The 3 major effects of Earth’s rotation are:
1. Day and
night
2. Sunrise and
sunset
3. Coriolis effect
What occurs when the rays of the sun are directly at 23.5° North Latitude? Summer Solstice
What occurs when the rays of the sun are directly at 23.5° South Latitude? Winter Solstice
Name the two times a year when there are equal amounts of sunlight and darkness in both the
Northern and Southern Hemispheres:
1. Vernal Equinox
2. Autumnal Equinox
In what direction does the Earth revolve around the sun?
Earth’s orbit is described as eliptical in shape.
How long does it take the Earth to complete one rotation on its axis? 1 day/24 hours
How long does it take the Earth to complete one revolution? 365 days/1 year
There will be SOL questions on the test.
1)
3)
The picture shows an infrared composite of
the Earth as seen by a weather satellite
system. What does the dark shaded area on
this map represent?
Earth’s axis of rotation is tilted 23.5°
relative to the plane of its orbit, which
helps to cause —
F The
moon’s shadow
G Thick cloud cover
F the seasons
H Nighttime _
G day and night
J Ocean
currents
H the lunar phases
J high and low tides
4)
2)
Because of the unique position of the Earth in
the solar system, life has flourished due to the
presence of —
What is the approximate percentage of the
Earth that is illuminated by the sun at any
given time?
A
helium
F 10%
B volcanoes
G 25%
C liquid
H 50% _
D salt
J 90%
water _
5)
8)
During which portion of the Earth’s
revolution around the sun is the Northern
Hemisphere tilted toward the sun?
F Vernal
equinox
G Summer
solstice _
H Autumnal
equinox
J Winter solstice
6)
Why do stars appear to change position
during the night?
F Earth
rotates on its axis. _
G Earth revolves
H The stars are
J Stars are
around the sun.
moving away from each other.
moving toward each other
7)
Even though the Earth’s inner core is hotter
than the liquid outer core, it is still solid
because —
A the
heat rising from the inner core is melting
the outer core
B there is
more water in the outer core and it
dilutes the materials
C the
outer core is farther from the center, and
there is less gravity holding it together
D the
pressure from all of Earth’s layers keeps it
in a solid state
9)
When the Earth is at its greatest distance
from the sun, its Northern Hemisphere is
tilted toward the sun, as shown in the
drawing. What season takes place in the
Southern Hemisphere at this time?
A Spring
D. Fall
B. Summer
C. Winter
About how long does it take the Earth to
make one complete rotation on its axis?
A One
day _
B One week
C One
month
D One
year
10)
12)
The Southern Hemisphere is warmer in
January than in July because —
F.
it is experiencing summer _
the cold winds are concentrated in the
Northern Hemisphere
G.
H . the sun
puts out more energy
the hole in the ozone layer allows more heat
into the atmosphere
J.
11)
Parallax can be used to measure a star’s —
F distance from Earth _
G atmospheric
temperature
H gravitational
strength
J surface composition
This model shows the Earth’s position
relative to the sun. At the time of year shown
by the model, the areas receiving the most
direct sunlight will be near the —
A Arctic Circle
B Tropic of Cancer
C Equator
D Tropic of Capricorn