This is supplement is divided into two parts: Multiple Imputed Tables and Complete Case Tables. The first four tables of the Multiple
Imputed Tables are provided in text while the remaining eight are only provided here. The last twelve tables are the Complete Case
Tables that are only provided here.
Multiple Imputed Tables
Supplementary Table 1: Baseline demographic characteristics of 4,341 patients enrolled in the MOSAIc study
Demographics
Age, years
Female gender
Education
<12 grade
High school graduate or
partial college
> College degree
Marital status
Married or living with a
significant other
Single
Employment
Manual labor
Professional labor
Skilled labor
Insurance type
Private
Public
Uninsured
Alcohol consumption
Current
Past
Smoking status
Current
All patients
N=4341
Argentina
N=160
Brazil
Canada
N=155
N=149
N (%) or mean ± SD
Israel
N=100
Italy
N=160
61 ± 11
2176 (50)
65 ± 11
76 (48)
61 ± 10
100 (65)
66 ± 11
63 (42)
62 ± 9
45 (45)
64 ± 11
60 (38)
1982 (46)
101 (63)
91 (59)
67 (45)
32 (32)
104 (65)
1327 (31)
34 (21)
33 (21)
66 (45)
48 (48)
49 (31)
1032 (24)
25 (16)
31 (20)
16 (11)
20 (20)
8 (5)
3490 (80)
115 (72)
95 (61)
105 (70)
87 (87)
128 (80)
851 (20)
45 (28)
60 (39)
44 (30)
13 (13)
32 (20)
1119 (26)
1358 (31)
1865 (43)
56 (35)
34 (21)
70 (44)
66 (42)
55 (36)
34 (22)
45 (30)
39 (26)
65 (44)
19 (19)
37 (37)
44 (44)
39 (24)
33 (21)
88 (55)
1010 (23)
2424 (56)
907 (21)
57 (36)
67 (42)
36 (22)
54 (35)
83 (53)
18 (12)
45 (30)
77 (51)
27 (18)
19 (19)
74 (74)
7 (7)
8 (5)
53 (33)
99 (62)
619 (14)
1044 (24)
29 (18)
38 (24)
15 (10)
28 (18)
46 (31)
76 (51)
1 (1)
1 (1)
31 (19)
58 (36)
587 (14)
17 (11)
14 (9)
20 (13)
13 (13)
34 (21)
Supplementary Table 2: Baseline demographic characteristics of 4,341 patients enrolled in the MOSAIc study
Demographics
Age, years
Female gender
Education
<12 grade
High school graduate or partial
college
> College degree
Marital status
Married or living with a
significant other
Single
Employment
Manual labor
Professional labor
Skilled labor
Insurance type
Private
Public
Uninsured
Alcohol consumption
Current
Past
Smoking status
Current
All patients
N=4341
Japan
N=157
South Korea
N=141
61 ± 11
2176 (50)
64 ± 13
61 (39)
62 ± 11
51 (36)
1982 (46)
36 (23)
1327 (31)
Spain
N=148
N (%) or mean ± SD
Turkey
N=283
UAE
N=110
UK
N=126
68 ± 12
78 (53)
58 ± 9
142 (50)
55 ± 10
54 (49)
65 ± 11
59 (47)
66 (47)
121 (81)
205 (73)
40 (36)
72 (57)
90 (57)
53 (38)
22 (15)
55 (19)
29 (27)
35 (28)
1032 (24)
31 (20)
22 (16)
5 (4)
23 (8)
41 (37)
20 (15)
3490 (80)
119 (76)
124 (88)
112 (75)
249 (88)
97 (88)
99 (79)
851 (20)
38 (24)
17 (12)
36 (25)
34 (12)
13 (12)
27 (21)
1119 (26)
1358 (31)
1865 (43)
25 (16)
45 (29)
86 (55)
56 (40)
27 (19)
58 (41)
64 (43)
16 (11)
69 (46)
128 (45)
49 (17)
107 (38)
18 (16)
65 (59)
28 (25)
27 (21)
36 (28)
63 (50)
1010 (23)
2424 (56)
907 (21)
43 (27)
101 (64)
14 (9)
13 (9)
115 (82)
13 (9)
1 (1)
145 (98)
2 (1)
2 (1)
279 (98)
2 (1)
33 (30)
70 (64)
7 (6)
11 (9)
82 (65)
34 (27)
619 (14)
1044 (24)
62 (39)
101 (64)
34 (24)
59 (42)
20 (14)
41 (28)
9 (3)
18 (6)
6 (5)
8 (7)
64 (51)
88 (70)
587 (14)
40 (26)
27 (19)
21 (14)
63 (22)
16 (15)
19 (15)
Supplementary Table 3: Baseline clinical characteristics of 4,341 patients enrolled in MOSAIc study, as recorded in the patient medical
record
All patients
N=4341
Argentina
N=160
Israel
N=100
Italy
N=160
12 ± 8
13 ± 10
14 ± 8
13 ± 8
6.9 ± 0.6
7.0 ± 0.5
7.0 ± 0.4
6.9 ± 0.5
7.2 ± 0.6
6.7 ± 0.6
52 ± 7
53 ± 6
53 ± 4
52 ± 6
55 ± 7
50 ± 7
8.2 ± 1.8
66 ± 20
8.1 ± 1.7
65 ± 19
8.2 ± 1.7
66 ± 19
7.9 ± 1.3
63 ± 14
7.9 ± 1.5
63 ± 16
8.0 ± 1.4
64 ± 15
Biometric measurements
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Body mass index (kg/m2)
132.4 ± 16.2
30 ± 6
133.8 ± 13.1
31 ± 6
135.7 ± 18.5
30 ± 5
132.0 ± 16.5
32 ± 7
129.6 ± 15.1
30 ± 6
135.3 ± 17.9
29 ± 5
Diabetes-related complications
Amputation
Gastroparesis
Nephropathy
Neuropathy
Retinopathy
50 (1)
111 (3)
720 (17)
1280 (29)
1026 (24)
4 (3)
4 (2)
14 (9)
14 (9)
24 (15)
7 (4)
3 (2)
19 (12)
24 (16)
26 (17)
0 (0)
4 (3)
29 (20)
38 (25)
32 (21)
2 (2)
0 (0)
26 (26)
18 (18)
27 (27)
1 (1)
1 (1)
23 (14)
37 (23)
54 (34)
Diagnostic history of:
Coronary artery disease
Congestive heart failure
Depression
Hypertension
Hyperlipidemia
Myocardial infarction
Stroke
808 (19)
244 (6)
401 (9)
3045 (70)
2562 (59)
284 (7)
157 (4)
14 (9)
0 (0)
4 (3)
112 (70)
81 (51)
12 (8)
4 (3)
13 (9)
3 (2)
22 (14)
113 (73)
97 (62)
7 (4)
6 (4)
38 (25)
4 (3)
24 (16)
126 (84)
113 (76)
19 (13)
6 (4)
28 (28)
8 (8)
7 (7)
76 (76)
87 (87)
19 (19)
10 (10)
29 (18)
4 (3)
9 (6)
113 (71)
97 (61)
15 (10)
8 (5)
Diabetes duration, in years
Physician’s HbA1c goal for the patient
(%, mmHg)
Physician’s HbA1c goal for the patient
(mmol/mol)
Laboratory values
HbA1c level (%, mmHg)
HbA1c level (mmol/mol)
Brazil
Canada
N=155
N=149
N (%) or mean ± SD
13 ± 8
15 ± 8
Supplementary Table 4: Baseline clinical characteristics of 4,341 patients enrolled in MOSAIc study, as recorded in the patient medical
record
All patients
N=4341
Japan
N=157
Turkey
N=283
UAE
N=110
UK
N=126
12 ± 8
14 ± 9
11 ± 7
15 ± 8
12 ± 6
6.9 ± 0.6
6.3 ± 0.6
7.1 ± 0.6
7.0 ± 1.0
6.8 ± 0.6
6.9 ± 0.2
7.4 ± 0.4
52 ± 7
45 ± 7
54 ± 7
53 ± 11
51 ± 7
52 ± 2
57 ± 4
8.2 ± 1.8
66 ± 20
7.7 ± 1.3
61 ± 14
8.0 ± 1.3
64 ± 14
8.0 ± 1.5
64 ± 16
8.9 ± 2.0
74 ± 22
8.2 ± 1.7
66 ± 19
8.4 ± 1.7
68 ± 19
Biometric measurements
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Body mass index (kg/m2)
132.4 ± 16.2
30 ± 6
131.3 ± 15.5
25 ± 4
126.6 ± 15.5
26 ± 4
134.9 ± 16.4
30 ± 5
131.5 ± 17.6
31 ± 5
131.4 ± 17.4
32 ± 7
136.1 ± 18.9
33 ± 6
Diabetes-related complications
Amputation
Gastroparesis
Nephropathy
Neuropathy
Retinopathy
50 (1)
111 (3)
720 (17)
1280 (29)
1026 (24)
0 (0)
5 (3)
44 (28)
25 (16)
40 (26)
1 (1)
0 (0)
50 (36)
61 (43)
70 (50)
1 (1)
9 (6)
29 (20)
18 (12)
29 (20)
5 (2)
4 (1)
31 (11)
71 (25)
45 (16)
0 (0)
1 (1)
24 (22)
43 (39)
33 (30)
2 (2)
2 (2)
16 (13)
23 (18)
48 (38)
Diagnostic history of:
Coronary artery disease
Congestive heart failure
Depression
Hypertension
Hyperlipidemia
Myocardial infarction
Stroke
808 (19)
244 (6)
401 (9)
3045 (70)
2562 (59)
284 (7)
157 (4)
13 (8)
4 (3)
5 (3)
87 (55)
95 (61)
13 (8)
5 (3)
22 (16)
1 (1)
13 (9)
97 (69)
89 (63)
9 (6)
9 (6)
23 (16)
25 (17)
25 (17)
112 (76)
97 (66)
9 (6)
5 (3)
40 (14)
3 (1)
22 (8)
123 (43)
104 (37)
11 (4)
2 (1)
18 (17)
1 (1)
13 (12)
90 (82)
100 (91)
6 (5)
6 (5)
27 (21)
8 (7)
34 (27)
103 (82)
78 (62)
9 (7)
5 (4)
Diabetes duration, in years
Physician’s HbA1c goal for the patient (%,
mmHg)
Physician’s HbA1c goal for the patient
(mmol/mol)
Laboratory values
HbA1c level (%, mmHg)
HbA1c level (mmol/mol)
South Korea
Spain
N=141
N=148
N (%) or mean ± SD
15 ± 9
13 ± 8
Supplementary Table 5: Characteristics of insulin and oral antidiabetic medication use among patients, by country
All patients
N=4341
Argentina
N=160
Brazil
N=155
Canada
N=149
Israel
N=100
Italy
N=160
N (%)
Any insulin regimen together with:
0 oral antidiabetic drugs
1 oral antidiabetic drug
2 oral antidiabetic drugs
3 or more oral antidiabetic drugs
Insulin regimen
Basal insulin only
Basal + short-acting insulin only
Mixed insulin only
Short-acting insulin only
Other insulin combinations
Insulin injection frequency
Once per day
Twice per day
Three times per day
Insulin delivery device
Pen
Syringe
1449 (33)
1388 (32)
977 (23)
527 (12)
72 (45)
61 (38)
25 (16)
2 (1)
32 (21)
59 (38)
55 (36)
9 (6)
55 (37)
42 (28)
31 (21)
21 (14)
25 (25)
41 (41)
23 (23)
11 (11)
33 (21)
46 (29)
41 (26)
40 (25)
2234 (51)
237 (5)
1310 (30)
175 (4)
385 (9)
103 (64)
9 (6)
36 (23)
1 (1)
11 (7)
122 (79)
30 (19)
0 (0)
1 (1)
2 (1)
92 (62)
8 (5)
24 (16)
0 (0)
25 (17)
65 (65)
16 (16)
6 (6)
0 (0)
13 (13)
118 (74)
17 (11)
3 (2)
6 (4)
16 (10)
2579 (59)
1585 (37)
177 (4)
71 (44)
68 (43)
21 (13)
79 (51)
56 (36)
20 (13)
84 (56)
55 (37)
10 (7)
73 (73)
20 (20)
7 (7)
123 (77)
20 (13)
17 (11)
3220 (74)
1109 (26)
159 (99)
1 (1)
26 (17)
129 (83)
144 (97)
5 (3)
83 (80)
17 (17)
137 (85)
24 (15)
Supplementary Table 6: Characteristics of insulin and oral antidiabetic medication use among patients, by country
Any insulin regimen together with:
0 oral antidiabetic drugs
1 oral antidiabetic drug
2 oral antidiabetic drugs
3 or more oral antidiabetic drugs
Insulin regimen
Basal insulin only
Basal + short-acting insulin only
Mixed insulin only
Short-acting insulin only
Other insulin combinations
Insulin injection frequency
Once per day
Twice per day
Three times per day
Insulin delivery device
Pen
Syringe
All patients
N=4341
Japan
N=157
South
Korea
N=141
1449 (33)
1388 (32)
977 (23)
527 (12)
29 (19)
35 (22)
34 (22)
59 (38)
2234 (51)
237 (5)
1310 (30)
175 (4)
385 (9)
Spain
N=148
N (%)
Turkey
N=283
UAE
N=110
UK
N=126
50 (36)
70 (50)
19 (14)
2 (1)
39 (26)
75 (51)
27 (18)
7 (5)
168 (59)
82 (29)
31 (11)
2 (1)
13 (12)
25 (23)
48 (44)
24 (22)
27 (21)
67 (53)
27 (21)
5 (4)
110 (70)
11 (7)
17 (11)
13 (8)
6 (4)
81 (57)
12 (9)
14 (10)
4 (3)
30 (21)
106 (72)
18 (12)
9 (6)
9 (6)
6 (4)
85 (30)
11 (4)
123 (43)
36 (13)
28 (10)
66 (60)
23 (21)
10 (9)
1 (1)
10 (9)
71 (56)
1 (1)
45 (36)
4 (3)
5 (4)
2579 (59)
1585 (37)
177 (4)
114 (73)
37 (24)
6 (4)
107 (76)
33 (23)
1 (1)
91 (62)
54 (37)
3 (2)
208 (74)
71 (25)
4 (1)
80 (73)
20 (18)
10 (9)
93 (74)
29 (23)
4 (3)
3220 (74)
1109 (26)
157 (100)
0 (0)
134 (95)
7 (5)
147 (99)
1 (1)
282 (100)
1 (0)
108 (98)
2 (2)
122 (98)
4 (3)
Supplementary Table 7: Self-reported outcomes among patients, by country
All
patients
N=4341
Argentina
N=160
5±2
5±2
Diabetes Distress Scale score†
38 ± 19
Interpersonal Processes of Care score‡
Diabetes Knowledge Test score*
Self-monitoring of blood glucose§
*
Brazil
Canada
N=155
N=149
mean ± SD
4±2
5±2
Israel
N=100
Italy
N=160
5±2
6±2
36 ± 20
54 ± 22
27 ± 12
42 ± 19
37 ± 17
3 ± 0.5
3 ± 0.4
3 ± 0.5
3 ± 0.4
3 ± 0.5
3 ± 0.4
3±3
5±3
3±3
6±2
4±3
5±2
The Diabetes Knowledge Test’s summary score ranges from 0 (no questions correct) to 9 (all questions correct).
Diabetes Distress Scale score ranges from 17 (no distress) to 102 (severe distress).
‡ The Interpersonal Processes of Care score ranges from 1 (poor relationship with healthcare provider) to 5 (good relationship with healthcare provider).
§ The self monitoring of blood glucose value ranges from 0 (checked blood glucose on no days of the week as recommended by healthcare provider) to 7
(checked blood glucose on all 7 days of the week as recommended by healthcare provider).
† The
8
Supplementary Table 8: Self-reported outcomes among patients, by country
All
patients
N=4341
Japan
N=157
South
Korea
N=141
5±2
6±2
3±2
Diabetes Distress Scale score†
38 ± 19
31 ± 13
Interpersonal Processes of Care score‡
3 ± 0.5
3±3
Diabetes Knowledge Test score*
Self-monitoring of blood glucose§
*
Spain
N=148
mean ± SD
5±2
Turkey
N=283
UAE
N=110
UK
N=126
4±2
6±2
5±2
40 ± 17
36 ± 18
55 ± 21
51 ± 22
29 ± 13
3 ± 0.5
3 ± 0.5
3 ± 0.5
3 ± 0.5
3 ± 0.5
3 ± 0.5
3±3
4±3
4±3
3±3
4±2
5±3
The Diabetes Knowledge Test’s summary score ranges from 0 (no questions correct) to 9 (all questions correct).
Diabetes Distress Scale score ranges from 17 (no distress) to 102 (severe distress).
‡ The Interpersonal Processes of Care score ranges from 1 (poor relationship with healthcare provider) to 5 (good relationship with healthcare provider).
§ The self monitoring of blood glucose value ranges from 0 (checked blood glucose on no days of the week as recommended by healthcare provider) to 7
(checked blood glucose on all 7 days of the week as recommended by healthcare provider).
† The
9
MOSAIc baseline analyses: complete case approach
10
Supplementary Table 9: Baseline demographic characteristics of 4,341 patients enrolled in the MOSAIc study, complete case
analysis
Demographics
Age, years
Female gender
Education
<12 grade
High school graduate or partial
college
> College degree
Marital status
Married or living with a significant
other
Single
Employment
Manual labor
Professional labor
Skilled labor
Insurance type
Private
Public
Uninsured
Alcohol consumption
Current
Past
Smoking status
Current
Russia
N=240
Saudi
Arabia
N=226
USA
N=540
60 ± 12
117 (57)
64 ± 10
168 (70)
57 ± 10
135 (60)
64 ± 12
284 (53)
362 (41)
120 (60)
30 (13)
88 (43)
105 (22)
16 (12)
192 (22)
38 (19)
89 (39)
52 (25)
253 (52)
55 (15)
14 (10)
334 (38)
42 (21)
111 (48)
67 (32)
131 (27)
3253 (81)
338 (92)
101 (71)
858 (94)
149 (75)
157 (69)
175 (78)
324 (66)
786 (19)
31 (8)
41 (29)
58 (6)
50 (25)
69 (31)
49 (22)
168 (34)
677 (22)
1052 (34)
1335 (44)
57 (16)
151 (43)
144 (41)
14 (11)
20 (16)
89 (72)
128 (21)
206 (33)
288 (46)
50 (37)
45 (33)
40 (30)
15 (7)
121 (57)
76 (36)
55 (32)
72 (42)
46 (27)
48 (13)
130 (36)
187 (51)
917 (23)
2,229 (56)
848 (21)
38 (10)
293 (80)
37 (10)
1 (1)
136 (99)
0 (0)
289 (33)
155 (17)
446 (50)
30 (16)
106 (56)
52 (28)
6 (3)
215 (92)
12 (5)
2 (1)
152 (76)
47 (23)
296 (63)
151 (32)
23 (5)
575 (14)
998 (24)
35 (10)
92 (25)
31 (21)
40 (27)
47 (5)
93 (10)
28 (14)
43 (22)
3 (1)
15 (6)
1 (0)
1 (0)
142 (27)
237 (45)
565 (14)
67 (18)
16 (11)
54 (6)
31 (16)
23 (10)
14 (7)
88 (17)
All patients
N=4341
China
N=373
Germany
N=149
India
Mexico
N=918
N=206
N (%) or mean ± SD
61 ± 11
2176 (50)
60 ± 10
209 (56)
70 ± 10
69 (46)
58 ± 10
405 (44)
1797 (45)
185 (50)
105 (78)
1240 (31)
131 (35)
969 (24)
11
Supplementary Table 10: Baseline clinical characteristics of 4,341 patients enrolled in MOSAIc study, as recorded in the patient
medical record, complete case analysis
Russia
N=240
Saudi
Arabia
N=226
USA
N=540
11 ± 7
11 ± 7
13 ± 8
6.7 ± 0.7
6.7 ± 0.5
7.2 ± 0.3
6.8 ± 0.5
52 ± 6
50 ± 8
50 ± 6
55 ± 3
51 ± 6
7.5 ± 1.4
58 ± 15
8.6 ± 1.7
70 ± 19
8.9 ± 2.6
74 ± 28
7.6 ± 1.2
60 ± 13
9.1 ± 2.3
76 ± 25
7.9 ± 1.5
63 ± 17
130.1 ± 15.7
25 ± 3
137.9 ± 17.1
30 ± 5
131.3 ± 14.5
27 ± 5
130.5 ± 17.6
28 ± 5
136.3 ± 11.9
32 ± 5
134.5 ± 13.3
32 ± 6
132.0 ± 18.4
34 ± 8
45 (1)
102 (3)
685 (17)
1194 (29)
954 (24)
0 (0)
11 (3)
70 (19)
118 (32)
84 (23)
3 (2)
2 (1)
37 (25)
56 (38)
22 (15)
4 (0)
7 (1)
72 (8)
216 (25)
135 (16)
4 (2)
3 (2)
17 (9)
49 (24)
30 (15)
3 (1)
18 (8)
57 (25)
151 (64)
111 (48)
2 (1)
21 (10)
49 (23)
76 (39)
105 (53)
10 (2)
11 (2)
97 (19)
201 (39)
72 (14)
770 (19)
237 (6)
370 (9)
2994 (71)
2484 (60)
271 (6)
151 (4)
75 (20)
21 (6)
13 (4)
199 (53)
204 (55)
7 (2)
18 (5)
28 (20)
19 (13)
13 (9)
133 (90)
95 (66)
10 (7)
9 (7)
103 (11)
19 (2)
22 (2)
627 (69)
381 (43)
21 (2)
11 (1)
3 (2)
3 (2)
26 (13)
113 (55)
85 (43)
5 (3)
1 (1)
130 (55)
81 (34)
15 (6)
208 (87)
139 (60)
47 (20)
14 (6)
58 (26)
5 (2)
8 (4)
143 (64)
155 (69)
18 (8)
4 (2)
130 (26)
31 (6)
115 (22)
463 (86)
442 (82)
44 (8)
31 (6)
All patients
N=4341
China
N=373
Germany
N=149
12 ± 8
11 ± 8
14 ± 8
6.9 ± 0.6
6.6 ± 0.9
6.9 ± 0.5
6.9 ± 0.5
52 ± 7
49 ± 10
52 ± 6
8.1 ± 1.7
65 ± 19
7.5 ± 1.8
58 ± 20
Biometric measurements
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Body mass index (kg/m2)
132.4 ± 16.2
30 ± 6
Diabetes-related complications
Amputation
Gastroparesis
Nephropathy
Neuropathy
Retinopathy
Diagnostic history of:
Coronary artery disease
Congestive heart failure
Depression
Hypertension
Hyperlipidemia
Myocardial infarction
Stroke
Diabetes duration, in years
Physician’s HbA1c goal for the patient
(%, mmHg)
Physician’s HbA1c goal for the patient
(mmol/mol)
Laboratory values
HbA1c level (%, mmHg)
HbA1c level (mmol/mol)
India
Mexico
N=918
N=206
N (%) or mean ± SD
12 ± 8
13 ± 9
12
Supplementary Table 11: Characteristics of insulin and oral antidiabetic medication use among patients, by country
All patients
N=4341
China
N=373
Germany
N=149
India
N=918
Mexico
N=206
Russia
N=240
Saudi
Arabia
N=226
USA
N=540
N (%)
Any insulin regimen together with:
0 oral antidiabetic drugs
1 oral antidiabetic drug
2 oral antidiabetic drugs
3 or more oral antidiabetic drugs
Insulin regimen
Basal insulin only
Basal + short-acting insulin only
Mixed insulin only
Short-acting insulin only
Other insulin combinations
Insulin injection frequency
Once per day
Twice per day
Three times per day
Insulin delivery device
Pen
Syringe
1449 (33)
1388 (32)
977 (23)
527 (12)
203 (54)
109 (29)
52 (14)
9 (2)
90 (60)
41 (28)
14 (9)
4 (3)
161 (18)
243 (27)
282 (31)
232 (25)
120 (58)
58 (28)
21 (10)
7 (3)
127 (53)
69 (29)
37 (15)
7 (3)
56 (25)
41 (18)
78 (35)
51 (23)
149 (28)
224 (41)
132 (24)
35 (6)
2234 (51)
237 (5)
1310 (30)
175 (4)
385 (9)
60 (16)
3 (1)
249 (67)
13 (4)
48 (13)
65 (44)
6 (4)
66 (44)
5 (3)
7 (5)
252 (27)
11 (1)
522 (57)
43 (5)
90 (10)
146 (71)
15 (7)
34 (17)
9 (4)
2 (1)
197 (82)
13 (5)
19 (8)
10 (4)
1 (0)
140 (62)
1 (0)
40 (18)
0 (0)
45 (20)
355 (66)
32 (6)
93 (17)
20 (4)
40 (7)
2579 (59)
1585 (37)
177 (4)
128 (34)
220 (59)
25 (7)
80 (54)
58 (39)
11 (7)
415 (45)
494 (54)
9 (1)
152 (74)
51 (25)
3 (2)
161 (67)
77 (32)
2 (1)
147 (65)
78 (35)
1 (0)
373 (69)
144 (27)
23 (4)
2871 (74)
1023 (26)
358 (100)
1 (0)
138 (95)
8 (6)
493 (58)
354 (42)
59 (32)
127 (68)
211 (93)
16 (7)
141 (63)
82 (37)
208 (44)
262 (56)
13
Supplementary Table 12: Self-reported outcomes among patients, by country
Russia
N=240
Saudi
Arabia
N=226
USA
N=540
6±2
India
Mexico
N=918
N=206
mean ± SD
4±2
4±2
6±2
4±2
5±2
28 ± 11
24 ± 8
38 ± 19
39 ± 21
49 ± 18
52 ± 17
33 ± 15
3 ± 0.5
3 ± 0.5
3 ± 0.4
3 ± 0.5
3 ± 0.6
3 ± 0.5
3 ± 0.5
3 ± 0.4
3±3
2±2
5±2
2±2
3±3
4±2
2±2
5±3
All patients
N=4341
China
N=373
Germany
N=149
5±2
7±2
Diabetes Distress Scale score†
38 ± 19
Interpersonal Processes of Care score‡
Diabetes Knowledge Test score*
Self-monitoring of blood glucose§
*
The Diabetes Knowledge Test’s summary score ranges from 0 (no questions correct) to 9 (all questions correct).
Diabetes Distress Scale score ranges from 17 (no distress) to 102 (severe distress).
‡ The Interpersonal Processes of Care score ranges from 1 (poor relationship with healthcare provider) to 5 (good relationship with healthcare provider).
§ The self monitoring of blood glucose value ranges from 0 (checked blood glucose on no days of the week as recommended by healthcare provider) to 7
(checked blood glucose on all 7 days of the week as recommended by healthcare provider).
† The
14
Supplementary Table 13: Baseline demographic characteristics of 4,341 patients enrolled in the MOSAIc study, complete case
analysis
Demographics
Age, years
Female gender
Education
<12 grade
High school graduate or partial
college
> College degree
Marital status
Married or living with a significant
other
Single
Employment
Manual labor
Professional labor
Skilled labor
Insurance type
Private
Public
Uninsured
Alcohol consumption
Current
Past
Smoking status
Current
All patients
N=4341
Argentina
N=160
Brazil
Canada
N=155
N=149
N (%) or mean ± SD
Israel
N=100
Italy
N=160
61 ± 11
2176 (50)
65 ± 11
76 (48)
61 ± 10
100 (65)
66 ± 11
63 (42)
62 ± 9
45 (45)
64 ± 11
60 (38)
1797 (45)
95 (63)
78 (58)
64 (44)
31 (32)
93 (66)
1240 (31)
33 (22)
28 (21)
65 (45)
47 (49)
43 (30)
969 (24)
24 (16)
28 (21)
15 (10)
19 (20)
6 (4)
3253 (81)
109 (72)
91 (62)
101 (71)
85 (87)
118 (81)
786 (19)
42 (28)
56 (38)
42 (29)
13 (13)
28 (19)
677 (22)
1052 (34)
1335 (44)
24 (30)
21 (26)
36 (44)
40 (40)
41 (41)
20 (20)
31 (29)
30 (28)
46 (43)
11 (16)
27 (40)
30 (44)
24 (23)
21 (20)
59 (57)
917 (23)
2,229 (56)
848 (21)
56 (36)
65 (42)
35 (22)
48 (34)
76 (54)
16 (11)
41 (31)
67 (51)
24 (18)
15 (19)
61 (75)
5 (6)
8 (6)
49 (34)
89 (61)
575 (14)
998 (24)
29 (18)
38 (24)
12 (9)
25 (19)
41 (30)
66 (52)
1 (1)
1 (1)
30 (20)
57 (37)
565 (14)
17 (11)
13 (9)
19 (13)
13 (13)
33 (21)
15
Supplementary Table 14: Baseline demographic characteristics of 4,341 patients enrolled in the MOSAIc study, complete case
analysis
Demographics
Age, years
Female gender
Education
<12 grade
High school graduate or partial
college
> College degree
Marital status
Married or living with a significant
other
Single
Employment
Manual labor
Professional labor
Skilled labor
Insurance type
Private
Public
Uninsured
Alcohol consumption
Current
Past
Smoking status
Current
All patients
N=4341
Japan
N=157
South
Korea
N=141
61 ± 11
2176 (50)
64 ± 13
61 (39)
62 ± 11
51 (36)
68 ± 12
78 (53)
1797 (45)
29 (21)
62 (47)
1240 (31)
85 (60)
969 (24)
Spain
Turkey
N=148
N=283
N (%) or mean ± SD
UAE
N=110
UK
N=126
58 ± 9
142 (50)
55 ± 10
54 (49)
65 ± 11
59 (47)
91 (80)
175 (73)
36 (37)
48 (52)
50 (38)
18 (16)
46 (19)
25 (26)
29 (32)
27 (19)
19 (15)
5 (4)
20 (8)
37 (38)
15 (16)
3253 (81)
82 (76)
122 (88)
106 (75)
146 (87)
97 (88)
94 (78)
786 (19)
26 (24)
17 (12)
35 (25)
22 (13)
13 (12)
26 (22)
677 (22)
1052 (34)
1335 (44)
14 (12)
34 (30)
65 (58)
28 (35)
17 (21)
35 (44)
42 (41)
12 (12)
48 (47)
70 (41)
35 (21)
64 (38)
8 (13)
41 (66)
13 (21)
18 (19)
28 (30)
49 (52)
917 (23)
2,229 (56)
848 (21)
36 (26)
89 (65)
12 (9)
12 (9)
108 (82)
12 (9)
1 (1)
137 (98)
2 (1)
2 (1)
244 (98)
2 (1)
27 (30)
58 (64)
6 (7)
9 (9)
67 (64)
28 (27)
575 (14)
998 (24)
55 (39)
91 (65)
34 (24)
59 (42)
20 (14)
41 (28)
6 (3)
12 (6)
5 (5)
7 (7)
55 (50)
80 (70)
565 (14)
38 (26)
25 (19)
21 (15)
59 (22)
15 (16)
19 (16)
16
Supplementary Table 15: Baseline clinical characteristics of 4,341 patients enrolled in MOSAIc study, as recorded in the patient medical
record
All patients
N=4341
Argentina
N=160
Israel
N=100
Italy
N=160
12 ± 8
13 ± 10
14 ± 8
13 ± 8
6.9 ± 0.6
7.0 ± 0.5
7.0 ± 0.3
6.9 ± 0.5
7.2 ± 0.6
6.7 ± 0.6
52 ± 7
53 ± 6
53 ± 3
52 ± 6
55 ± 7
50 ± 7
8.1 ± 1.7
65 ± 19
8.1 ± 1.8
65 ± 20
8.3 ± 1.9
67 ± 21
8.0 ± 1.2
64 ± 13
7.7 ± 1.2
61 ± 13
8.0 ± 1.3
64 ± 14
Biometric measurements
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Body mass index (kg/m2)
132.4 ± 16.2
30 ± 6
133.8 ± 13.0
31 ± 6
135.5 ± 18.8
30 ± 5
132.0 ± 16.5
32 ± 7
129.6 ± 15.2
30 ± 6
136.1 ± 18.5
29 ± 5
Diabetes-related complications
Amputation
Gastroparesis
Nephropathy
Neuropathy
Retinopathy
45 (1)
102 (3)
685 (17)
1194 (29)
954 (24)
4 (3)
3 (2)
14 (9)
14 (9)
24 (15)
6 (4)
2 (2)
17 (12)
22 (15)
24 (17)
0 (0)
4 (3)
27 (19)
36 (25)
30 (21)
2 (2)
0 (0)
26 (26)
18 (18)
27 (27)
1 (1)
1 (1)
23 (15)
34 (23)
52 (33)
Diagnostic history of:
Coronary artery disease
Congestive heart failure
Depression
Hypertension
Hyperlipidemia
Myocardial infarction
Stroke
770 (19)
237 (6)
370 (9)
2994 (71)
2484 (60)
271 (6)
151 (4)
14 (9)
0 (0)
4 (3)
112 (70)
81 (51)
12 (8)
4 (3)
12 (9)
3 (2)
16 (14)
110 (73)
93 (62)
6 (4)
5 (4)
37 (25)
4 (3)
24 (16)
125 (85)
112 (76)
18 (12)
6 (4)
28 (28)
8 (8)
7 (7)
76 (76)
86 (87)
19 (19)
10 (10)
28 (18)
4 (3)
9 (6)
113 (71)
97 (61)
15 (10)
8 (5)
Diabetes duration, in years
Physician’s HbA1c goal for the patient
(%, mmHg)
Physician’s HbA1c goal for the patient
(mmol/mol)
Laboratory values
HbA1c level (%, mmHg)
HbA1c level (mmol/mol)
Brazil
Canada
N=155
N=149
N (%) or mean ± SD
13 ± 8
15 ± 8
17
Supplementary Table 16: Baseline clinical characteristics of 4,341 patients enrolled in MOSAIc study, as recorded in the patient medical
record
South
Korea
N=141
All patients
N=4341
Japan
N=157
12 ± 8
14 ± 9
6.9 ± 0.6
6.3 ± 0.6
7.1 ± 0.5
7.0 ± 1.0
52 ± 7
45 ± 7
54 ± 6
8.1 ± 1.7
65 ± 19
7.6 ± 1.3
60 ± 14
Biometric measurements
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Body mass index (kg/m2)
132.4 ± 16.2
30 ± 6
Diabetes-related complications
Amputation
Gastroparesis
Nephropathy
Neuropathy
Retinopathy
Diagnostic history of:
Coronary artery disease
Congestive heart failure
Depression
Hypertension
Hyperlipidemia
Myocardial infarction
Stroke
Diabetes duration, in years
Physician’s HbA1c goal for the patient
(%, mmHg)
Physician’s HbA1c goal for the patient
(mmol/mol)
Laboratory values
HbA1c level (%, mmHg)
HbA1c level (mmol/mol)
Spain
Turkey
N=148
N=283
N (%) or mean ± SD
15 ± 9
13 ± 8
11 ± 7
UAE
N=110
UK
N=126
15 ± 8
12 ± 6
6.8 ± 0.6
6.9 ± 0.2
7.4 ± 0.4
53 ± 11
51 ± 7
52 ± 2
57 ± 4
8.1 ± 1.2
65 ± 13
8.0 ± 1.5
64 ± 16
8.9 ± 2.1
74 ± 23
8.2 ± 1.7
66 ± 19
8.3 ± 1.5
67 ± 16
131.2 ± 15.5
25 ± 4
126.6 ± 15.5
26 ± 4
134.9 ± 16.5
30 ± 5
131.4 ± 17.9
31 ± 5
131.4 ± 17.4
32 ± 7
136.9 ± 19.8
33 ± 6
45 (1)
102 (3)
685 (17)
1194 (29)
954 (24)
0 (0)
5 (3)
43 (28)
24 (16)
40 (26)
1 (1)
0 (0)
50 (36)
56 (42)
69 (50)
1 (1)
9 (6)
29 (20)
17 (12)
28 (19)
2 (1)
2 (1)
20 (11)
45 (25)
25 (15)
0 (0)
1 (1)
23 (22)
40 (39)
31 (31)
2 (2)
2 (2)
14 (13)
21 (18)
45 (39)
770 (19)
237 (6)
370 (9)
2994 (71)
2484 (60)
271 (6)
151 (4)
13 (8)
4 (3)
5 (3)
86 (56)
94 (61)
13 (8)
5 (3)
22 (16)
1 (1)
12 (9)
96 (69)
88 (64)
9 (7)
9 (7)
23 (16)
25 (17)
25 (17)
112 (76)
97 (66)
9 (6)
5 (4)
24 (13)
0 (0)
13 (7)
92 (43)
69 (36)
5 (3)
1 (1)
17 (17)
1 (1)
12 (12)
89 (82)
98 (91)
4 (4)
5 (5)
25 (21)
8 (7)
31 (27)
97 (82)
68 (62)
9 (8)
5 (4)
18
Supplementary Table 17: Characteristics of insulin and oral antidiabetic medication use among patients, by country
All patients
N=4,341
Argentina
N=160
Brazil
N=155
Canada
N=149
Israel
N=100
Italy
N=160
N (%)
Any insulin regimen together with:
0 oral antidiabetic drugs
1 oral antidiabetic drug
2 oral antidiabetic drugs
3 or more oral antidiabetic drugs
Insulin regimen
Basal insulin only
Basal + short-acting insulin only
Mixed insulin only
Short-acting insulin only
Other insulin combinations
Insulin injection frequency
Once per day
Twice per day
Three times per day
Insulin delivery device
Pen
Syringe
1449 (33)
1388 (32)
977 (23)
527 (12)
72 (45)
61 (38)
25 (16)
2 (1)
32 (21)
59 (38)
55 (36)
9 (6)
55 (37)
42 (28)
31 (21)
21 (14)
25 (25)
41 (41)
23 (23)
11 (11)
33 (21)
46 (29)
41 (26)
40 (25)
2234 (51)
237 (5)
1310 (30)
175 (4)
385 (9)
103 (64)
9 (6)
36 (23)
1 (1)
11 (7)
122 (79)
30 (19)
0 (0)
1 (1)
2 (1)
92 (62)
8 (5)
24 (16)
0 (0)
25 (17)
65 (65)
16 (16)
6 (6)
0 (0)
13 (13)
118 (74)
17 (11)
3 (2)
6 (4)
16 (10)
2579 (59)
1585 (37)
177 (4)
71 (44)
68 (43)
21 (13)
79 (51)
56 (36)
20 (13)
84 (56)
55 (37)
10 (7)
73 (73)
20 (20)
7 (7)
123 (77)
20 (13)
17 (11)
2871 (74)
1023 (26)
129 (99)
1 (1)
24 (16)
122 (84)
140 (97)
5 (3)
65 (81)
15 (19)
95 (85)
17 (15)
19
Supplementary Table 18: Characteristics of insulin and oral antidiabetic medication use among patients, by country
Any insulin regimen together with:
0 oral antidiabetic drugs
1 oral antidiabetic drug
2 oral antidiabetic drugs
3 or more oral antidiabetic drugs
Insulin regimen
Basal insulin only
Basal + short-acting insulin only
Mixed insulin only
Short-acting insulin only
Other insulin combinations
Insulin injection frequency
Once per day
Twice per day
Three times per day
Insulin delivery device
Pen
Syringe
All patients
N=4341
Japan
N=157
South
Korea
N=141
1449 (33)
1388 (32)
977 (23)
527 (12)
29 (19)
35 (22)
34 (22)
59 (38)
2234 (51)
237 (5)
1310 (30)
175 (4)
385 (9)
Spain
N=148
N (%)
Turkey
N=283
UAE
N=110
UK
N=126
50 (36)
70 (50)
19 (14)
2 (1)
39 (26)
75 (51)
27 (18)
7 (5)
168 (59)
82 (29)
31 (11)
2 (1)
13 (12)
25 (23)
48 (44)
24 (22)
27 (21)
67 (53)
27 (21)
5 (4)
110 (70)
11 (7)
17 (11)
13 (8)
6 (4)
81 (57)
12 (9)
14 (10)
4 (3)
30 (21)
106 (72)
18 (12)
9 (6)
9 (6)
6 (4)
85 (30)
11 (4)
123 (43)
36 (13)
28 (10)
66 (60)
23 (21)
10 (9)
1 (1)
10 (9)
71 (56)
1 (1)
45 (36)
4 (3)
5 (4)
2579 (59)
1585 (37)
177 (4)
114 (73)
37 (24)
6 (4)
107 (76)
33 (23)
1 (1)
91 (62)
54 (37)
3 (2)
208 (74)
71 (25)
4 (1)
80 (73)
20 (18)
10 (9)
93 (74)
29 (23)
4 (3)
2871 (74)
1023 (26)
154 (100)
0 (0)
125 (95)
7 (5)
141 (99)
1 (1)
208 (100)
1 (1)
98 (98)
2 (2)
84 (98)
2 (2)
20
Supplementary Table 19: Self-reported outcomes among patients, by country
All patients
N=4341
Argentina
N=160
5±2
5±2
Diabetes Distress Scale score†
38 ± 19
Interpersonal Processes of Care
score‡
Self-monitoring of blood glucose§
Diabetes Knowledge Test score*
*
Brazil
Canada
N=155
N=149
mean ± SD
4±2
5±2
Israel
N=100
Italy
N=160
5±2
6±2
37 ± 20
55 ± 23
27 ± 12
42 ± 19
37 ± 17
3 ± 0.5
3 ± 0.4
3 ± 0.5
3 ± 0.4
3 ± 0.5
3 ± 0.4
3±3
5±3
3±3
6±2
5±3
5±2
The Diabetes Knowledge Test’s summary score ranges from 0 (no questions correct) to 9 (all questions correct).
Diabetes Distress Scale score ranges from 17 (no distress) to 102 (severe distress).
‡ The Interpersonal Processes of Care score ranges from 1 (poor relationship with healthcare provider) to 5 (good relationship with healthcare provider).
§ The self monitoring of blood glucose value ranges from 0 (checked blood glucose on no days of the week as recommended by healthcare provider) to 7
(checked blood glucose on all 7 days of the week as recommended by healthcare provider).
† The
21
Supplementary Table 20: Self-reported outcomes among patients, by country
All patients
N=4341
Japan
N=157
South
Korea
N=141
5±2
6±2
Diabetes Distress Scale score†
38 ± 19
Interpersonal Processes of Care
score‡
Self-monitoring of blood glucose§
Diabetes Knowledge Test score*
*
Turkey
N=283
UAE
N=110
UK
N=126
3±2
Spain
N=148
mean ± SD
5±2
4±2
6±2
5±2
31 ± 13
41 ± 15
37 ± 18
56 ± 21
52 ± 23
29 ± 13
3 ± 0.5
3 ± 0.5
3 ± 0.5
3 ± 0.5
3 ± 0.5
3 ± 0.5
3 ± 0.5
3±3
4±3
4±3
4±3
3±3
4±2
5±3
The Diabetes Knowledge Test’s summary score ranges from 0 (no questions correct) to 9 (all questions correct).
Diabetes Distress Scale score ranges from 17 (no distress) to 102 (severe distress).
‡ The Interpersonal Processes of Care score ranges from 1 (poor relationship with healthcare provider) to 5 (good relationship with healthcare provider).
§ The self monitoring of blood glucose value ranges from 0 (checked blood glucose on no days of the week as recommended by healthcare provider) to 7
(checked blood glucose on all 7 days of the week as recommended by healthcare provider.
† The