Final Exam Review
Vocabulary for Perspective
1. Perspective - used to make objects look closer or further from the viewer. (Depth)
2. Value - used to show depth. Things closer to you are darker than things far away.
3. Detail- by adding more detail to objects, they can look closer than objects further away.
4. Overlapping- overlapping lines & shapes shows depth.
5. Position- Objects drawn toward the bottom of the page appear “closer” to the viewer
6. Size- by changing the size of objects, you can add depth to your work. Big, close; Small, far
7. Linear Perspective – uses lines to show depth. Is constructed with a horizon line, vanishing points,
and receding (or converging) lines.
8. Horizon line- an imaginary line which is level to the artist’s eyes. It is sometimes called an “eye level”
line. Objects may go above or below the horizon line.]
9. Point of view – where you are viewing the objects from.
10. Man’s eye view – the perspective directly in front of you.
11. Bird’s eye view – The perspective view looking down from above.
12. Ant’s eye view - The perspective view looking up from below.
13. Vanishing point- point where all perspective lines converge or meet. Usually vanishing points are
placed on the horizon line. A drawing may have several vanishing points.
14. One point perspective – Only one vanishing point is used.
15. Receding lines- parallel lines which come together at a vanishing point in your drawing.
Surreal Interiors: 3 topics combined into one project
1. Optical Art – art that uses perspective to create optical illusions
Artists: MC Escher, Bridget Riley, Victor Vasarely.
2. Perspective used to show depth & space; to make objects look closer or further
3. Surrealism – art that is created from images from your dreams, memories, & feelings.
Artists: Salvador Dali & Rene Magritte
Techniques for Surrealism:
1. Transformation – Objects change from one object to another
2. Juxtaposition – joining 2 images together in impossible combinations
3. Levitation – Unusual floating objects
4. Transparency – solid objects appear see-through (picture in picture)
5. Scale change – objects are abnormal size
6. Texture change – objects have an unnatural texture.
Scratchboard
1. Scratchboard is a technique where drawings are created using sharp tools for etching (carving) into
paper coated with black India ink.
2. History: Modern scratchboard originated in the 19th century in Britain and France.
3. Michael Halbert – Skilled scratchboard artist
4. Steven Noble -Contemporary Scratchboard artist
5. Hybrid: an offspring resulting from cross-breeding
6. Composition: the way you arrange or divide the space in your artwork. Symmetrical, Asymmetrical,
Dynamic Equilibrium
7. Technique: Using a sharp tool, make an outline on the surface of the scratchboard. Create shadows &
highlights by "scratching" away at the board.
Watercolor
Watercolor Techniques:
1. Color wheel – Y, O, R, P, B, G
2. Wash – Wet watery paint; Translucent (see through)
3. WET ON WET - using wet watery paint on wet paper.
4. WET ON DRY - wet paint on dry paper.
5. DRY ON DRY - paint with little water on dry paper.
6. DRY ON WET - dry brush with little water on wet paper.
7. LIFTING OFF - applying wet paint to dry paint and blotting with a paper towel to lift off paint.
8. DROPPING IN COLOR - adding color to a wet area; let it blend/bleed & spread
9. Fade, Blend, Value scale
10. Modeled 3D objects – Making something look 3D with tints & shades
Color Schemes: combinations of colors that create a certain mood
1. Warm Colors (Y, O, R)
2. Cool Colors (G, B, V)
3. Complimentary (Y&V, B&O, R&G)
4. Analogous (colors next to e/o on the color wheel)
5. Monochromatic (a single color with tints & shades)
Self Portrait Unit
1. Self Portrait - A portrait an artist makes using himself or herself as its subject.
2. Grid enlarging- the process of using a grid to enlarge an image; for copying very precisely
3. Albrecht Durer - the first artist to paint self- portraits.
4. Leonardo da Vinci - Renaissance artist and inventor
5. Rembrandt is famous for painting dozens of self-portraits during the 1600s.
6. Chiraoscuro- An Italian word that means boldly contrasting light and dark. Developed during the
Renaissance.
7. Vincent van Gogh also painted many self- portraits in the 1800s
8. Frida Kahlo - Mexican artist whose tragic life inspired many self portraits
9. Chuck Close -1940 Photorealistic artist -such a realistic drawing it looks like a photo
10. Proportion- The relative size of one object to another
11. Facial proportions: Guidelines that help you get the general size, shape and position of features
placed correctly on the face.
12. ANDY WARHOL – Pop artist 1928 – 1987
13. Pop Art a style of art which seeks its inspiration from commercial art and items of mass culture (such
as comic strips, popular foods and brand name packaging).
14. High Contrast- the extreme differences in value (just black & white)
15. Monochromatic value scale – tints & shades of one color
3D Clay Creatures
1. Pinch Pot – A basic method of pinching to form the clay. The body of your creature will be formed by
pinching the clay into it’s shape with your thumb & forefinger
2. Subtractive process - Carving or removing clay to create small details, patterns, or textures
3. Additive process - adding clay to clay *You must Score & Slip EVERY time you add clay to clay
- or your piece will fall off!
4. Score - Scratching the clay where you will add another part. Scratch or rough up both sides of clay
before adding slip & pressing them together.
5. Slip - a mixture of clay & water; like “glue” to join two pieces of clay together.
6. Leather hard - clay that has started to become hard, but can still be carved into (it’s usually cold and
very fragile)
7. Greenware - clay that is completely dry but not fired… VERY fragile!
8. Kiln - big oven that fires the clay to high temperatures9. BisqueWare - clay that has been fired to
white. Ready to be painted.
FYI: Glaze is liquid glass but is painted on like paint. If we were to glaze you would need to refire your
clay.
Torn Paper Collage
1. Collage- Pasting or gluing papers or objects onto a surface.
2. Decoupage- the art or process of decorating a surface with shapes or illustrations cut from paper, card,
etc.
3. Mod Podge- a brand name for a decoupage medium. Some people also use it to describe any adhesive
used for decoupaging.
4. Background- The part of a picture of scene that appears to be farthest from the viewer, usually near
the horizon. It's the opposite of the foreground!
5. Middle ground- The part of an artwork that lies between the foreground and the background
6. Foreground- The area of a picture of field of vision, often at the bottom, that appears to be closest to
the viewer
7. Overlapping- When one thing lies over, partly covering something else. Depicting this is one of the
most important means of conveying an illusion of depth
8. Composition- The plan, placement or arrangement of the elements and objects in a work of art
The Elements of Art
Basic building blocks of an artwork:
Lines, shapes, form, space, texture, value, color
1. Line: a moving dot. Can vary in width, direction, curvature, & length.
2. Shape: when a line encloses a space. 2 Dimensions = Length & Width. 2 types: Geometric = straight
& angular Organic = smooth, curvy, free-form.
3. Form: When space is added to a shape. 3 Dimensional objects have Height, Width, Depth. 2 types:
geometric or organic.
4. Space: volume or distance. In a picture, space is an illusion that creates the feeling of depth. Types:
Positive & Negative space, overlapping, scale change, etc.
5. Texture: surface quality of objects. Actual texture is how something feels (rough, smooth, bumpy).
Implied texture is how an artist creates the illusion of texture in drawings.
6. Value: Lightness & darkness of objects. Artists use shading to show the illusion of value. A value
scale refers to black, white & all the gradations of gray in between. Types: smooth, hatching, crosshatching, stipple, etc…
7. Color: is made of light. Hue = pigments (red, yellow, etc.) Value = lightness & darkness of a color.
Intensity = saturation (paleness or weakness of a color).
Color Schemes = color combinations (primary, secondary, intermediate, warm, cool, analogous,
complementary, etc.)