SBI 3U Date: PEDIGREE CHARTS AND SEX LINKAGE (ref. pp. 197-200) WHAT IS A PEDIGREE CHART? Pedigree charts are used to show ________________ of families or individuals. Breeding ______________ is not possible, so this shows ethical ways of studying ________________ ______________________. They also show how possible conditions can be ________________________ from generation to generation. Symbols are shown to represent individuals and their relationship to one another. In a pedigree, each generation is ordered by ________________ _____________________. The birth order within each group of offspring is drawn ______________ to ________________. Draw a pedigree that represents Julie married to Jeff, with one daughter Sally. Sally married Joe and had two boys, Jason (oldest) and Jeremy (youngest). Jeremy married Jane and had a daughter Dora and fraternal twin boys, Rupert and Carl. Carl married Allison and had Sarah. SBI 3U Date: Sex Linkage: Humans have __________ pairs of chromosomes – 22 _______________ pairs, and 2 sex chromosomes. Male sex chromosomes: ____ _______ and Female: _______ ________. Autosomal Inheritance: Both males and females affected equally. WHY? Sex Linked Traits: Traits located on the X or Y chromosome. Traits are mostly located on the _________ chromosome, because there is rarely a match for ________. These traits follow ______________________ and _____________________________ rules. Rules for Inheritance: Mothers pass X- linked traits to ___________ and ______________________. Fathers pass X – linked traits to ______________________ only. Recessive traits will ___________________ be expressed in males. In females recessive traits will only be expressed when they are ______________________________. Prove it with a punnet! Common sex-linked diseases in humans are ____________________________ and _____________________________. SBI 3U Date: Dominant Trait Pedigree Characteristics of a Dominant Pedigree: 1) Affected individual has at least one affected parent 2) Affected individuals who mate with unaffected individuals have a 50% chance of transmitting the trait to each child 3) Two affected individuals may have unaffected children Recessive Trait Pedigree Characteristics of Recessive Pedigrees: 1) An individual who is affected may have parents who are not affected 2) All the children of two affected individuals are affected 3) In pedigrees involving rare traits, the unaffected parents of an affected individual may be related to each other SBI 3U Date: