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Genetics I Can Statements and Study Guide
Standard 3: Life Science
Core Standard 1
Understand the predictability of characteristics being passed down from parents to offspring.
8.3.1 Explain that reproduction is essential for the continuation of every species and is the
mechanism by which all organisms transmit genetic information.
8.3.2 Compare and contrast the transmission of genetic information in sexual and asexual
reproduction.
8.3.3 Explain that genetic information is transmitted from parents to offspring mostly by
chromosomes.
8.3.4 Understand the relationship between deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), genes and
chromosomes.
8.3.5 Identify and describe the difference between inherited traits and the physical and
behavioral traits that are acquired or learned.
8.3.6 Observe anatomical structures of a variety of organisms and describe their similarities
and differences. Use the data collected to organize the organisms into groups and
predict their relatedness.
8.3.7 Recognize and explain that small genetic differences between parents and offspring can
accumulate in successive generations so that descendants may be different from their
ancestors.
Core Standard 2
Explain how a particular environment selects for traits that increase the likelihood of survival
and reproduction by individuals bearing those traits.
8.3.8 Examine traits of individuals within a population of organisms that may give them an
advantage in survival and reproduction in given environments or when the environments
change.
8.3.9 Describe the effect of environmental changes on populations of organisms when their
adaptive characteristics put them at a disadvantage for survival. Describe how
extinction of a species can ultimately result from a disadvantage.
8.3.10 Recognize and describe how new varieties of organisms have come about from
selective breeding.
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“I Can” Statements
 Organize organisms into groups based on anatomical structures.
1. Selena’s teacher shows the class photographs of four different animals. She asks them to write down the
physical characteristics of each animal they see. Selena makes the following table.
Animal 1
• has gills
• has scales
• has a vertical tail fin
• has one large fin
and one small fin on
its back
• has one set of
paired fins
• has two single fins
on bottom
• fins are spiny
• is dark colored
Animal 2
• has gills
• has very shiny
scales
• has vertical tail fin
• has one fin on its
back
• has one set of
paired fins
• has one fin on
bottom
• has sawlike ridges
on back and bottom
behind the fins
Animal 3
• has one fin on its
back
• has flat tail
• has one set of
paired flippers
• has smooth skin
• has long, skinny
nose
• has blowhole in top
of head
• is gray colored
Animal 4
• has fur
• has four feet
• has flipperlike rear
feet
• has whiskers
• has sharp teeth
• is mostly black with
lighter-colored head
Based on Selena’s table, which two animals are more closely related to each other than to the other animals?
A.
B.
C.
D.
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
3 and 4
2. Charles studies four organisms in Kingdom Animalia. He makes a table, similar to the one below, to
summarize his findings about the classification of the organisms.
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
1
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Panthera
P. leo
2
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Acinonyx
A. jubatus
3
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Panthera
P. tigris
4
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Viverridae
Paguma
P. lavarta
Based on the table, which of the organisms likely have the most characteristics in common?
A.
B.
C.
D.
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 4
3 and 4
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Describe the traits or adaptations plants and animals have/use to survive
when their environments change.
3. What is an adaptation?
4. If organisms do not adapt to a changing environment what happens to that species?
5. What is artificial selection and why do we use it?
 Define what DNA is and identify the base pairs of a DNA strand.
6. A nucleotide is a ________________________________ plus a ______________________________________ plus
one nucleotide base.
7. Nucleotide base pairs:
_______________________________________________ pairs with ___________________________________________
_______________________________________________ pairs with ___________________________________________
8. Complete the matching DNA sequence on the line below: A C G G T C G A G
_________________________
9. DNA’s shape is called a ___________________________________________________________________.
10. DNA is located in the “brain” or control center of a cell, known as the
_________________________________ .
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 Describe the process of protein synthesis.
11. Circle the correct word in parentheses that best completes the story of protein
synthesis.
DNA is located in the (cytoplasm, cell membrane, nucleus) of a cell. (Transcription, Transgression,
Translation) then takes place in this organelle, converting a strand of DNA into (mRNA, rRNA,
tRNA). (mRNA, rRNA, tRNA) then leaves the nucleus and travels to the (mitochrondria, golgi body,
ribosome). At this organelle, (translation, transgression, transcription) occurs when (mRNA,
rRNA, tRNA) uses codons to match up to the original (mRNA, rRNA, tRNA) sequence. Each codon
then codes for a/an (amino acid, enzyme, protein). Once a long line of (amino acids, enzymes,
proteins) are formed, a/an (amino acid, enzyme, protein) is finally made.
12. During protein synthesis, RNA replaces thymine with _____________________.
 Differentiate the different types of reproduction.
13. Place a letter on each line. Choose the answer(s) in the right column that best goes with the term
in the left column.
_____ _____ _____ asexual reproduction
_____ binary fission
_____ budding
_____ fertilization
_____ _____ _____ sexual reproduction
_____ spores
_____ vegetative reproduction
a. A type of asexual reproduction where a genetically
identical smaller version of the parent grows attached
to the parent and then splits off once it has become
full-sized. (Ex: Yeast or Hydra)
b. A type of reproduction that increases the chance of
survival in a changing environment.
c. A type of asexual reproduction where the parent
organism splits in two, producing two new cells
genetically identical to the parent cell. (Ex: bacteria)
d. A type of reproduction that does not require a partner.
e. A type of reproduction that requires complex
structures.
f. A type of asexual reproduction where a new organism
grows from just part of the parent organism, such as a
root. (Ex: tulip, potato, onion, strawberry)
g. A type of reproduction the produces genetic variation
in a species.
h. The process when a sperm cell and an egg cell join
together.
i. A type of reproduction that produces offspring identical
to the parent cell.
j. A type of reproduction where the offspring are
produced quickly.
k. A type of reproduction that often involves mitosis.
l. A type of asexual reproduction where a single cell is
encapsulated in a tough outer coating and can produce
a new individual. (Ex: Anthrax, Mold, Mushrooms,
Moss)
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 Identify and explain the process of meiosis.
Label each of the following descriptions as Mitosis, Meiosis, or Both.
14. ____________________ one cell divides 2 times to form 4 cells
15. ____________________ formation of somatic cells
16. ____________________ Formation of gametes/sex cells
17. ____________________ daughter cells have a diploid number of chromosomes
18. ___________________ in humans, the parent cell has 46 chromosomes
19. ____________________ Zygote (fertilized egg) divides to form the trillion-celled baby
20. ____________________ daughter cells have the identical chromosomes as the parent cell
21. ____________________ pairing up and crossing over between homologous chromosome pairs
occurs at prophase.
22. ____________________ daughter cells have a haploid number of chromosomes.
23. ___________________ cells in our body such as skin cells, blood cells, bone cells divide by this
process
24. ____________________ daughter cells are genetically different from each other
25. ____________________ DNA replicates before cell division.
26. ____________________one cell divides to form 2 daughter cells
27. ____________________daughter cells have exactly ½ the number of chromosomes as the parent
cell.
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28. List the stages of the cell cycle 1-6. Then, draw a line from the word on the left to the matching
picture/description on the right. Note: two stages will be linked to the same picture/description
-
Chromosomes align
in the middle of the
cell
-
Longest part of the
cell cycle
DNA replicates
1. __________________________________
2. __________________________________
3. __________________________________
4. __________________________________
-
5. __________________________________
Daughter
chromosomes arrive
at poles
Two new nuclei
form
Cell is pinched apart
into 2 daughter cells
-
Chromatin
condenses into
chromosomes
-
Spindle fibers
shorten and sister
chromatids are
pulled to opposite
poles
6. __________________________________
 Explain the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes.
29.
__________________________ is the study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring.
30.
The “Father of Modern Genetics”: ______________________________________________
What did he discover?________________________________________
31.
What is the name of the chromosomes that determine whether we are male or female?
32.
Which pair number(s) are the chromosomes that determine gender in a human karyotype?
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33.
XX codes for a male/female. (circle one)
34.
XY codes for a male/female. (circle one)
35.
What is the name given to the other chromosomes that do NOT determine gender?
36.
Which pair number(s) are the chromosomes that do NOT determine gender in a human
karyotype?
37.
This is a segment of DNA that codes for a certain trait: _____________________________
38.
Forms of a gene are known as __________________________________.
 Differentiate between dominant and recessive traits.
39.
Physical characteristics that an organism can pass onto its offspring are called
___________________.
40.
How can a child have a trait, such a blue eyes, when both parents had the dominant trait of
brown eyes? Explain or do a Punnett Square to show how this could occur.
41.
A _______________________________________________ tracks a certain trait or genetic disorder
through a family.
 Differentiate between heterozygous and homozygous gene pairs.
42. Circle either homozygous (Homo) or heterozygous (Hetero) for each letter combination.
Yy (Homo/Hetero)
RR (Homo/Hetero)
hh (Homo/Hetero)
Jj (Homo/Hetero)
NN (Homo/Hetero)
Ss (Homo/Hetero)
Gg (Homo/Hetero)
AA (Homo/Hetero)
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 Determine a genotype and a phenotype.
43. An organism’s physical description is a _________________________________________.
44. An organism’s genetic makeup or allele combination is called a ______________________________.
45. Circle all the genotypes and underline the phenotypes:
A) curly hair, B) TT , C) widow’s peak, D) rr, E) wrinkled peapod, F) red flowers, G) Hh, H) PP
Write the possible genotype/genotypes for the following descriptions: use BB, Bb, or bb.
(Hint: Some problems may have more than one answer!)
46. Hybrid________________
50. Homozygous _________________
47. Purebred dominant __________________
51. Heterozygous ____________________
48. Recessive homozygous __________________
52. Purebred __________________
49. Purebred recessive _________________
53. Dominant homozygous ____________________
 Work a Punnett square.
54. In dogs, erect ears (E) is dominate over droopy ears (e). What are the results if an erect-eared, hybrid
father and a droopy-eared mother have a litter of puppies? (not a sex-linked trait) List the genotypes &
phenotypes with the probability of occurrence for each.
Genotypes:
Phenotypes:
55. __________________________________________ is the likelihood that an event will occur, such as a
certain genotype or phenotype occurring in the offspring.
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 Explain what sex-linked traits are and complete sex-linked trait Punnett
squares.
56. Let B = no colorblindness, and b= colorblindness (a sex-linked recessive disorder).
XB
Y
57. What was the phenotype of the mother?
_______________________________________
XB
58. What is the genotype of the normal male?
Xb
_____________________________________
59. What percent of male children would you predict to have
colorblindness? _________
60. What percent of female children would you predict to have
colorblindness? __________
61. What percent of children would you predict to not be colorblind? ______
62. What percent of children would you predict to be a carrier? __________
 Describe what biotechnology is and give examples.
63. What is biotechnology?
64. Name the three types of biotechnology listed in your textbook, along with a description of an
example of each.
1.
Example:
2.
Example:
3.
Example: