Cell Test Study Guide
1. Define:
a. prokaryote – single celled organism that does not have a nucleus
b. eukaryote – single or multicellular organism with cells that have a
nucleus
c. autotrophic – organisms that are able to make their own food
d. heterotrophic – organisms that must eat other organisms
2. List the three parts of the Cell Theory:
1. All living things are made of one or more cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of all living things.
3. All cells come from existing cells.
3. Identify the function of the following:
a. cell membrane – controls what enters and leaves the cell
b. cell wall – support and structure
c. chromosomes – genetic material, DNA
d. nucleus – “control center” (controls the cell’s activities)
e. nucleolus – makes ribosomes
f. cytoplasm – liquid background part of cell
g. mitochondria – “powerhouse of cell” (produces energy for the cell)
h. endoplasmic reticulum (ER): “highway system” (passageway for
molecules)
1. smooth ER – no ribosomes are present
2. rough ER – ribosomes are present
i. vacuoles – “storage bins” (contains substances that cell stores)
j. ribosomes – “protein factories” (makes protein for the cell)
k. centrioles – animal cell reproduction
l. chloroplasts – contains chlorophyll; photosynthesis
m. golgi complex – “UPS/Fed X” – packaging/shipping
n. lysosomes – “clean up crew” (uses enzymes to remove unwanted
materials from cell)
4. Identify differences between the structure of plant and animal cells.
plants: rectangular, cell wall, chloroplasts, large vacuoles
animals: circular, small vacuoles, centrioles, no cell wall, lysosomes
5. How are the cells of eukaryotes and prokaryotes different?
eukaryotes – more complicated cell design, nucleus, membrane bound
organelles, larger, unicellular or multicellular
prokaryotes – simpler cell design, no nucleus, unicellular, bacteria
6. Identify the following
organelles:
1. mitochondria
2. cytoplasm
3. centrioles
4. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
5. rough endoplasmic reticulum
6. nucleus
7. nucleolus
8. nuclear membrane
9. ribosomes
10. cell membrane
11. Golgi bodies
7. What does the structure and function of a cell mean?
The structure of a cell is how it is designed, put together.
The function of a cell is what the cell does for the organism, its purpose.
8. Explain the structure and function of a unicellular organism.
A unicellular organism is made up of one cell. The cell is not
specialized. The one cell is able to support all of the needs of the
organism.
9. Explain the structure and function of a multicellular organism.
A multicellular organism is made up of several cells that are
specialized. The structure and function of the cells are different.
A group of cells working together form tissues, which form organs,
which form organ systems, which form an organism.
10. Compare the structure and function of a leaf cell, red blood cell and a
nerve cell.
Cell
leaf
red blood cell
nerve cell
Structure
chloroplast
cell wall
large vacuole
gets rid of nucleus
flexible
long fibers
Function
photosynthesis
support
maximizes storage
carries oxygen
travels through blood
vessels
receive/send messages