Cell Test Study Guide
1. Identify the contributions of the following people:
a. Robert Hooke – saw 1st cell – cork cell; named cells
b. Anton van Leeuwenhoek – saw 1st living cells (animalcules)
c. Matthias Schleiden – “plants are made of cells”
d. Theodor Schwann – “animals are made of cells”
e. Rudolph Virchow – “cells come from cells”
2. List the three parts of the Cell Theory:
1. All living things are made of one or more cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of all living things.
3. All cells come from existing cells.
3. Identify the function of the following:
a. cell membrane – controls what enters and leaves the cell
b. cell wall – support and structure
c. chromosomes – genetic material, DNA
d. nucleus – “control center”
e. nucleolus – makes ribosomes
f. cytoplasm – liquid background part of cell
g. mitochondria – “powerhouse of cell”
h. endoplasmic reticulum (ER): “highway system”
1. smooth ER – no ribosomes are present
2. rough ER – ribosomes are present
i. vacuoles – “storage bins”
j. ribosomes – “protein factories”
k. centrioles – animal cell reproduction
l. chloroplasts – contains chlorophyll; photosynthesis
m. golgi complex – “UPS/Fed X” – packaging/shipping
n. lysosomes – “clean up crew”
4. Identify differences between the structure of plant and animal cells.
plants: rectangular, cell wall, chloroplasts, large vacuoles
animals: circular, small vacuoles, centrioles, no cell wall
5. How are the cells of eukaryotes and prokaryotes different?
eukaryotes – more complicated cell design, nucleus, membrane bound
organelles, larger, unicellular or multicellular
prokaryotes – simpler cell design, no nucleus, unicellular, bacteria
6. Identify the following
organelles:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
rough ER
mitochondria
ribosomes
Golgi bodies
smooth ER
nucleus
cytoplasm
nucleolus
centrioles
outer layer of cell – cell
membrane
7. What does the structure and function of a cell mean?
The structure of a cell is how it is designed, put together.
The function of a cell is what the cell does for the organism, its purpose.
8. Explain the structure and function of a unicellular organism.
A unicellular organism is made up of one cell. The cell is not
specialized. The one cell is able to support all of the needs of the
organism.
9. Explain the structure and function of a multicellular organism.
A multicellular organism is made up of several cells that are
specialized. The structure and function of the cells are different.
A group of cells working together form tissues, which form organs,
which form organ systems, which form an organism.
10. Compare the structure and function of a leaf cell, red blood cell and a
nerve cell.
Cell
Leaf
Red blood cell
Nerve cell
Structure
Chloroplast
Cell wall
Gets rid of nucleus
Long fibers
Function
Photosynthesis
support
Carries oxygen
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