INSTRUMENTATION
COMPOSED OF STAINLESS STEEL –
Carbon, Chromium, Iron Alloys
Why Stainless Steel?
% CARBON = GREATER STRENGTH
= LESS LIKELY TO WEAR
CHROMIUM > CORROSION RESISTANCE
Gold plating – tungsten carbide = extremely
hard = > STRENGTH, SHARPNESS, GRIP
NOTE: Varying metal “grades”= differing
amounts of metal combinations in instrument.
Only “400 series” grade should be used in OR b
HIGH in CARBON & LOW in CHROMIUM
Strong, Highly Corrosive Resistant tool - fine
points.
INSTRUMENT FINISH TYPES
High polish
ANTICORROSIVE
BRIGHT GLARE
Satin finish (dull)
< REFLECTION
REDUCED GLARE
Ebonized finish (black) PREVENTS
LASER
DEFLECTION
TIPS
JAWS
INSTRUMENT PARTS
INSTRUMENT
POINTS
Jaws –TIP TO JOINT
grasping, clamping
suturing instruments.
GROOVES Horizontal, crossed
longitudinal
TEETH – tip, jaw pts
FINGER
CONTROLS
Open and close
BLADES
Blades – TIP TO JT
cutting/dissecting
instruments
CURVEDSTRAIGHT
Open and close -
BOX LOCK
finger controls.
Box lock – hinge
interlocking joint
one arm passed through
slot in other arm
Riveted or pinned
Controls opposing
jaw.
SCREW
Screw – (hinge) two
halves placed on top of
the other
Connected by screw
Frequent tightening
SEMI BOX or
ASEPTIC
Joints clean q use
protein deposits or
rust collected must be
removed for proper
functioning.
Semibox/aseptic –
least common type
Two halves separated Easy cleaning
SHANKS
RATCHETS
FINGER RINGS
Straight shaft or “leg”
of instrument
Box lock/screw to
finger rings/ratchets
Instrument base
Lock distal tip
Teeth-catch mechanism
Secure closure - NO
backward movement
Openings shank base
Finger-sized
Control/dexterity
INSTRUMENT CLASSIFICATIONS
By function/usage
Cutting / Dissecting-“tome”- one or > 1
sharp edges
Top 3 – Knives, scalpels,
Dissect
scissors = “Sharps”.
Saws, osteotomes, chisels,
Incise
curettes, gouges, rongeurs,
Cut
biopsy punch
Excise
ratchets to lock
Clamping / Occluding
hemostats, kellys, peans
occlude/constrict
hemostasis
Atraumatic jaws – designed
to prevent tissue damage
Manipulate
Grasping / Holding
Tissue forceps, Allis, Kocher tissue
Babcock, towel clamps
Assist - Dissect
Suture
Reduce/stabilize
bones ORIF
Y/N - ratchets,
teeth, serrations
Varied lengths types
Retracting/Viewing/Exposing Op site exposure
Handheld or
Self-retaining
Viewing
visualization
Suturing/Stapling/Clips
Needle holders
- Hold curved
Ligate – Suture tie placement suture needle
around vessel/anatomical
Staplers structure for constriction
“automatic”
Anastomosis – Formation of wound closure a
opening between two normally Clips – Ligate
separate organs or spaces
Blood/bodily
Suctioning
fluids -
Probing
Dilating
Miscellaneous - Speciality
Neg. pressure
> Visualization
Hollow tip to
plastic tubing to
suction cannister
Malleable
wirelike
explores tissue
Expansion
Cannulate or
drain
Aspirate, inject
or infuse
Instrument Naming
Major sources are:
· INVENTORS/MDS - “Lambotte Osteotomes”
· FUNCTION - “ Periosteal Elevator”
· APPEARANCE - ”Mosquito Forceps”
· NICKNAMES - “Mother-in-law” forcep
Easiest - remember proper not nicknames