Marine Biology 2013 Final Exam Review Sheet
NOTE- THESE WILL BE COLLECTED ON THE DAY OF THE TEST FOR A GRADE  GOOD LUCK AND
REMEMBER TO EMAIL ME IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS- ASTAHL@MSFTA.ORG
Microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, plankton, etc):
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Where does virus replication occur?
What are the most abundant microbes in the marine environment?
Why are viruses “not living?”
What is a capsid?
What is the relationship between marine viruses and their diversity and abundance?
How can viruses effect global warming?
What domain do Bacteria belong to?
How do bacteria reproduce?
How do viruses control host populations?
10. Define photosynthesis.
11. Define chemosynthesis.
12. Why are chemosynthetic bacteria unique?
13. What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic organisms?
14. Describe the shape of each bacterium: coccus, spirillus, and bacillus.
15. Why are accessory pigments important? List three reasons.
16. What is a stromatolite?
17. The absorption of external organic matter by bacteria is called what?
18. What are three important roles of bacteria?
19. In the marine environment, what performs nutrient recycling?
20. What group are zoozanthellae members of?
21. What causes HAB’s?
22. Diatoms belong to which Domain?
23. What is the frustule of diatoms made up of?
24. How are diatoms used commercially?
25. What is the ecological role of fungi?
26. What is symbiosis?
Algae and Marine Plants
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How are algae divided?
What is another name for macroalgae?
What color penetrates the ocean to the greatest depths?
What limits the depth distribution of algae?
Where is the greatest diversity of algae found?
What is the dominant pigment found in all algae?
What are the organelles that harvest the pigment cells called?
Why do some algae use calcium carbonate?
9. Define fragmentation.
10. Define alternation of generations.
11. What are the phyla for red, green, and brown?
12. Which algae is predominately freshwater and could be found in a mountain lake?
13. What is the covering of coralline red algae made up of?
14. Why id red algae important to the biomedical field?
15. Where is brown alga the most dominant?
16. Define the structure of algae. Know all of the parts.
17. What is Sargasssum?
18. Why are flowering plants salt tolerant?
19. Define hydrophyte and give an example.
20. What are rhizomes?
21. How do seagrasses add nutrients to the marine food web?
22. What is the purpose of specialized lacunae?
23. How are saltmarsh plants different from seagrasses?
24. Why are saltmarsh plants important?
25. What is the function of salt glands in cordgrass?
26. Mangroves have specialized roots that do what?
27. What is the function of pneumatophores?
28. How do marine plants help control algal blooms?
29. What are epiphytes?
Marine Invertebrates
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What phylum do sponges belong to?
Are sponges sessile or motile and what does that mean?
What type of symmetry do sponges have?
What is the function of the osculum?
What is the function of the ostia?
What is the function of the choanocyte?
What is the function of the archaeocytes or amebocytes?
How do sponges feed?
What is the function of the spicules?
10. What are the skeletons of sponges made up of?
11. How do sponges reproduce mostly?
12. What do sponges compete with other organisms for?
13. How do sponges avoid predators?
14. Describe the class Demospongia.
15. What phylum do jellies and any organism with stinging cells belong to?
16. What are Cnidarians called that only exhibit the polyp stage in their life cycle?
17. What type of symmetry do Cnidarians have?
18. Where are nematocysts produced?
19. What is special about hydrozoans?
20. Jellyfish and box jellies belong to which class?
21. The Portuguese Man-o-war belongs to which class?
22. Give an example of an Anthozoan.
23. What is special about Cassiopeia?
24. What is the gut of Cnidarians called?
25. Clownfish forms a symbiotic relationship with which Anthozoan?
26. What animal has eight rows of comb plates?
27. What phylum do comb jellies belong?
28. What do comb jellies eat?
29. Most species of comb jellies are which: sexual, asexual, or hermaphroditic?
30. List the characteristics of molluscs.
31. Give examples of organisms that belong to phylum Mollusca.
32. Give an example of each: gastropod, cephalopod, and a bivalve.
33. What is contained in the visceral mass?
34. What structure secretes the shell of a mollusc?
35. What is the function of the radula?
36. Explain the three layers of a mollusc shell.
37. What is unique about Scaphopods?
38. What animals are covered by eight dorsal plates?
39. What class do nudibranchs belong to?
40. What organelle do nudibranchs have that allow them for adequate gas exchange?
41. What protects the shells insides? Hint – it’s hard!
42. Molluscs that have two jointed valves and shells belong to which class?
43. How do bivalves feed?
44. What muscle closes the valves of the clam?
45. What is the siphuncle (siphon) of nautiloids used for?
46. What is the function of a chromatophore?
47. List all of the things that have attributed to the success of Arthropods?
48. What is the exoskeleton of an arthropod made up of?
49. What is the function of the chelicerae?
50. What is the purpose of the molting process?
51. What animals belong to the order Decapoda?
52. What is an important food source for baleen whales?
53. What organisms dominate the zooplankton community of temperate waters?
54. Are barnacles sessile or motile?
55. Spiny skinned organisms belong to which phylum?
56. What type of symmetry do Echinoderms have?
57. What is the function of the pedicellarie?
58. What is the function of the madreporite?
59. What class do brittle stars belong to?
60. What sea star has greatly affected the coral reef ecosystem?
61. What is Aristotle’s lantern?
62. What class does a sea cucumber belong to?
63. What is the process in which sea cucumbers protect themselves from predators by releasing their
internal organs?