Cannon Middle School Math:
Scope and Sequence
Mathematics Scope and Sequence
Expressions and Equations
Grade 5:
 Variables and expressions
 Mathematical properties – associative, commutative,
distributive, identity
 Real numbers – number line, ordering, integer
computation, decimal computation, fraction
computation (with mixed numbers)
 Ratios and Proportions – compare two quantities,
write ratios and proportions, solve basic proportions
with cross products
Grade 6:
 Variables and expressions
 Evaluate expressions and formulas
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Writing and Solving linear equations – two step
equations with integers
Percents – relating fractions and decimals to
percents, solve using proportions and equations,
percent of change
Grade 7/Pre-Algebra:
 Variables and expressions, multiple variables
 Mathematical properties – associative, commutative,
distributive, identity, equalities, transitive, symmetric,
reflexive
 Real Numbers – integer computation, decimal
computation, fraction computation (with mixed
numbers), squares and square roots
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Ratios and Proportions – write and solve, including
similar triangles
Grade 8/Algebra 1:
 Variables and expressions, multiple variables
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Evaluate expressions and formulas, multiple variables
Writing and Solving linear equations – multi-step,
variables on both sides, with integers, fractions, and
decimals, with distributive property, no solution,
infinite solutions, proportions
Solving literal equations and formulas
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Introduction to order of operations
Introduction to evaluating expressions
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Writing and Solving linear equations – one step, one
variable
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Percents – relating fractions and decimals to percents
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Order of operations, with integers
Real Numbers – integer computation, decimal
computation, fraction computation (with mixed
numbers)
Ratios and Proportions – write and solve basic
proportions
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Order of operations, with brackets and integers
Evaluate expressions and formulas, multiple variables
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Writing and Solving linear equations – multi-step,
variables on both sides, with integers, fractions, and
decimals, with distributive property, no solution,
infinite solutions, proportions
Percents – solve using proportions and equations,
percent of change
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Advanced order of operations, with brackets,
fractions, and decimals
Real Numbers – operations with rational numbers
Percents – solve using proportions and equations,
percent of change
Similar triangles
Linear Functions
Grade 5:
 The Coordinate Plane – plotting points, translations,
reflections, graphing lines with T-chart, intercepts,
introduction to basic slope concepts
Grade 6:
 The Coordinate Plane – plotting points, graphing
lines with T-chart, intercepts, basic slope concepts
Grade 7/Pre-Algebra:
 The Coordinate Plane – graphing lines,
transformations, functions
 Writing and Solving Inequalities - multi-step,
variables on both sides, with integers, fractions, and
decimals, with distributive property, no solution,
infinite solutions
Grade 8/Algebra 1:
 The Coordinate Plane – graphing lines, functions,
graphing inequalities
 Linear Functions – slope, slope-intercept form,
point-slope form, standard form, parallel and
perpendicular lines, scatterplots, lines of best fit
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Linear Functions – slope, slope-intercept form,
scatterplots, lines of best fit
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Sequences – arithmetic and geometric, with explicit
equations
Writing and Solving Inequalities - multi-step,
variables on both sides, with integers, fractions, and
decimals, with distributive property, no solution,
infinite solutions, compound, absolute value
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Solving Systems of Linear Equations and Inequalities
– elimination, substitution, graphing
Polynomials and Nonlinear Functions
Grade 5:
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Scientific notation
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GCF – numerical only
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Scientific notation
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Factoring using the distributive property,
GCF (numerical only)
Grade 6:
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Like terms, + and GCF – numerical only
Grade 7/Pre-Algebra:
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Operations with polynomials(+, -, *); power rules(all)
Grade 8/Algebra 1:
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Operations with polynomials(+, -, *); power rules(all)
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scientific notation
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Factoring – GCF, distributive, trinomials(all),
difference of squares
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Solving Quadratic Functions – graphing, completing
the square, factoring, quadratic formula
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Exponential Functions – graphing, applying growth
and decay, compound interest, geometric sequences
Radical and Rational Functions
Grade 5:
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Squares and square roots
Grade 6:
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Squares and square roots
Grade 7/Pre-Algebra:
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Pythagorean theorem and distance formula –
evaluating radicals as decimals
Simplifying radical expressions, including
rationalizing denominators
Solving radical equations, including problems where
factoring is required
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Operations with radical expressions
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Right triangles with trig ratios (SohCahToa) – Law of
Sines if time allows
Simplifying rational expressions, where factoring is
necessary
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Applications of radical expressions, including the
Pythagorean theorem, distance formula, and trig
ratios
Similar triangles with radical expressions
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Operations with rational expressions
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Make tree diagrams.
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Determine if a game is fair.
Displaying data – tallies, frequency charts, line plots,
bar graphs, stem and leaf diagrams, circle graphs
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Displaying data – circle graphs, line plots, bar graphs
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Experimental vs theoretical probability. Calculating
probability of an event/compound events.
Counting methods, tree diagrams, arrangements
Right triangles with trig ratios (SohCahToa)
Grade 8/Algebra 1:
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Data Analysis/Probability
Grade 5:
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Find the probability of the event. Calculate
probability from sample data and geometric models.
Find the probability of a compound event.
Read and interpret graphs – misleading graphs,
scatterplots, trends
Describing data – mean, median, mode, effect of
outliers
Grade 6:
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Read and interpret graphs – misleading graphs,
scatterplots, trends
Describing data – mean, median, mode, range, effect
of outliers
Independent vs dependent events
Odds and fairness
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Grade 7/Pre-Algebra:
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Read and Interpret Graphs - Stem and Leaf plots,
box and whisker plots, histograms
Misleading statistics, bias
Permutations and combinations
Probability of compound events, predictions
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Measures of variation – mean, median, mode, range,
quartiles, interquartile range
Counting outcomes, tree diagrams
Odds
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Circles – discovering Pi, area, circumference
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Triangles – explore and classify by sides and angles
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Basic Geometry vocabulary
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Circles – area, circumference – applications of
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3-D Solids – pyramids vs prisms, cylinders, cones
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Surface Area – prisms and cylinders only
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Distance and midpoint – applications of
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Perimeter and Area – quadrilaterals, triangles,
irregular figures – applications of
3-D Solids – pyramids vs prisms, cylinders, cones
Surface Area – pyramids, prisms, cylinders, cones
Grade 8/Algebra 1:
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Any data analysis/probability done at this level will be
supplemental, review, enrichment
Geometry
Grade 5:
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Perimeter and Area – square, rectangle, triangles,
irregular figures – applications of
Lines and Angles – classifying and measuring –
inches and centimeters, protractors
Transformations on the coordinate plane –
reflections, symmetry; translations, tessellations
Grade 6:
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Perimeter and Area – parallelograms, trapezoids,
triangles, irregular figures – applications of
Scale drawings/models vs actual – proportions,
similarity – applications of
Volume – pyramids, prisms, cylinders, cones
Transformations on the coordinate plane –
reflections, translations, basic rotations
Grade 7/Pre-Algebra:
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Triangles – Pythagorean theorem, right triangle ratios
(sine, cosine, tangent), similar triangles – applications
of
Transformations on the coordinate plane –
reflections, translations, basic rotations
Circles – area, circumference – applications of
Volume – pyramids, prisms, cylinders, cones
Parallel lines, transversals, and their angles
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Grade 8/Algebra 1:
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Triangles – Pythagorean theorem, right triangle ratios
(sine, cosine, tangent), similar triangles – applications
of
Area and Perimeter – solve for missing pieces
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Distance and midpoint – applications of
Linear measure and precision – use of protractors,
solving missing pieces with variables
Angles measures and relationships – basic geometry
vocab, solving missing pieces with variables
Scope and Sequence for Geometry Grade 8
Lines and Angles
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Points, lines, and planes – basic geometry vocab
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Distance and Midpoints – solving missing pieces with
variables
Polygons – perimeter, interior/exterior angles
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Reasoning and Proof
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Inductive reasoning and conjecture – intro to proof
vocabulary
Conditional statements – converse, inverse,
contrapositive; intro to proofs
Postulate and paragraph proofs – using postulates
and other given information to prove geometric
theorems
Proving segment and angle relationships
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Logic – compound statements, truth tables
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Deductive reasoning
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Algebraic proofs – using properties to develop twocolumn formal proofs
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Slopes and equations of lines – algebra review with
parallel and perpendicular, with geometric
applications
Perpendiculars and distance – find the distance
between two lines given two equations; constructions
Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
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Parallel lines, transversals, and their angles –
consecutive interior, alternate exterior, alternate
interior, corresponding
Proving parallel lines
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Triangles
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Classifying by angles and sides, finding measures of
sides algebraically, constructing proofs
Congruent triangles – proving congruence (SSS, SAS,
ASA, AAS, HL); determine congruency given set of
ordered pairs
Coordinate proofs
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Inequalities with triangles – angles and sides; and
with two triangles
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Angles of triangles – sum theorem, exterior angles,
solving missing pieces with variables
Isosceles triangles – proofs, solving missing pieces
with variables
Bisectors, medians, and altitudes of triangles –
constructions; circumcenter, orthocenter, incenter,
centroid; solving missing pieces with variables
Indirect proofs – proof by contradiction
Proportions and Similarity
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Solving proportions
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Parallel lines and proportional parts – using
proportionality theorems to solve for missing
segments of triangles and parallel lines
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Similar polygons, triangles – solving for sides and
angles; proofs
Right Triangles
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Pythagorean theorem and its converse
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Trigonometry – SohCahToa applications
Law of Sines – applications
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Quadrilateral Family Tree – parallelograms,
rectangles, rhombi, squares, trapezoids; properties,
proving, solving missing pieces with variables
Reflections, Translations, Rotations, Dilations
Vectors – applications of basic physics – magnitude,
direction, component form, resultant vector
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Tessellations
Transformations with matrices
Circumference and Area – applications, solving
missing pieces with variables
Segments – chords, secants, tangents, solving missing
pieces with variables
Equations of Circles – center, radius
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Angles – central, inscribed, angles formed by secants
and tangents, solving missing pieces with variables
Arcs – minor, major, semicircle, solving missing
pieces with variables
Applications of area with parallelograms, triangles,
rhombi, trapezoids, polygons, circles, irregular figures
Solving missing pieces with variables
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Geometric probability
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Solving missing pieces with variables
Geometric mean – theorems, solving for altitudes
and segments of triangles
Special right triangles – 30-60-90, 45-45-90
Angles of elevation and depression – applications
Law of Cosines – applications
Quadrilaterals and Circles
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Angles of polygons – interior/exterior angles; solving
missing pieces with variables
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Coordinate proof with quadrilaterals
Transformations
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Circles
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Area
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Surface Area
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Applications of surface area with prisms, cylinders,
pyramids, cones, spheres, hemispheres, irregular
solids
Volume
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Applications of volume with prisms, cylinders,
pyramids, cones, spheres, hemispheres, irregular
solids
Congruent and Similar solids – ratios of sides, area,
and volume
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Solving missing pieces with variables
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Coordinates in space – distance and midpoint