HECMA PROGRAM
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
Basic and Survival Chain
Prepared by: Khalil Taha
20/09/2011
2011-2012
Early
HELP and
call 999
EarLy
Early
Advanced
CPR
AED
Care
DESIGNED
AND EDITED BY
: NAHED YAGHI 27/09/2011
Ch 2 / lesson 5
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
Basic and Survival Chain
Early
HELP
call 999
EarLy
Early
Advanced
CPR
AED
Care
Schools must be prepared for student and staff becoming injured or ill during the school day .every
school and district needs to have specific plans for dealing with these situations. Life-threatening
emergencies can happen in any school, at any time. These can be the result of pre-existing health
Problems, sudden cardiac arrest, allergic reactions, heatstroke, trauma, among other causes. There,
the priority in treating any collapsed persons is to establish an open air way and maintain breathing
and circulation.
The procedure set out in this lesson can maintain a person’s breathing and circulation until
emergency aid arrives ,with an unconscious persons ,your priorities are to maintain an open air way,
breath for person ( to get oxygen into the body ),and maintain blood circulation ( to get oxygen rich
blood to the tissue )
In addition, a machine called a defibrillator can deliver a controlled electrical shock to
restore a normal heartbeat.
Prepared By: - Khalil Taha
20/09/2011
Edited and Designed by: Nahed Yaghi
27/09/2011 Page 2
Objective:
 Review survival elements.
 Explain the importance chest compression.
 Define the importance of opening the air way passage and
breathing.
 What is an AED?
Key Terms:Victim: A person, who has been attacked,
injured or killed as the result of a crime, a
disease, an accident, etc.
Survival: The state of continuing to alive or
exist, after despite difficulty or danger.
Tilt: to move, or make something move, into
a position with one side or end higher than
the other
Rhythm: strong regular repeated pattern of
sounds or movements.
Pulse: a rhythmical throbbing of the arteries
as blood is propelled through them,
typically as felt in the wrists or neck…
Recoil: rebound or spring back.
Child: young human being below the age of
puberty.
Infant: human being less than one year old.
Prepared By: - Khalil Taha
20/09/2011
Edited and Designed by: Nahed Yaghi
27/09/2011 Page 3
The following factors increase the chances of survival if all elements are complete:
EARLY HELP
NLKLHL
CALL 999
EARLY
EARLY
ADVANCED
CPR
AED
CARE
AE


CA
LL
99
9


Help is called quickly.
Blood circulation is maintained by rescue breathing and chest compression (together
known as cardiopulmonary resuscitation or CPR).
Use an AED
The victim reaches hospital quickly for specialized treatment and advanced care.
The 2010 AHA guidelines for CPR recommended a change in the BLS sequences of steps from
A-B-C (Airway, Breathing, Chest Compression) to C-A-B (Chest Compression, Airway, Breathing )
for adult ,children and infants . By changing the
Sequence to C-A-B, chest compressions will be initiated sooner and the delay in Breathing should be
minimal.
General Assessment:
If the victim is unconscious, the first aider should immediately call an ambulance - you
will need professional help regardless of whether they are breathing or not. Waiting
would endanger the victim's life unnecessarily.
Prepared By: - Khalil Taha
20/09/2011
Edited and Designed by: Nahed Yaghi
27/09/2011 Page 4
Brachial pulse
Carotid pulse
Kneel beside the victim’s head; look for the chest movement or any signs of circulation
such as breathing, coughing or movement ,if no signs , check for carotid pulse for an
adult and child victim, and brachial pulse for infant. (The whole process should take
less 10 seconds).
C: Circulation
How to maintain circulation?
Vital Organs
If the heart stops beating, blood does not circulate through the body .as a result vital organs (Brain,
Heart and Lungs), become starved of oxygen .brain cells are enable to survive for more than few
minutes without a supply of oxygen.
Some circulation can be maintained artificially by chest compression .these compression act as
mechanical aid to the heart to get blood flowing around the body .pushing vertically down on the
lower half of the breast bone squeeze the heart against the back bone ,expelling blood from heart’s
chambers and forcing it into the tissue .As pressure is released ,the chest rises ,and replacement
Prepared By: - Khalil Taha
20/09/2011
Edited and Designed by: Nahed Yaghi
27/09/2011 Page 5
blood is “sucked” in to refill the heart ;this blood is then forced out of the heart by the next
compression .
To ensure that the blood is adequately supplied with oxygen should do effective chest compression
with or without rescue breath.
A: Airway
Important of an open airway
Head tilt –chin lift
An unconscious victim airway may become narrowed or blocked .this is due to muscular control being
lost .allowing the tongue to fall back and block the airway .when this happen the victim’s breathing
become difficult and noisy or breathing may become completely impossible .Lifting the chain and
tilting the head back lifts the tongue from the entrance to the air passage, allowing the victim to
breath.
Prepared By: - Khalil Taha
20/09/2011
Edited and Designed by: Nahed Yaghi
27/09/2011 Page 6
B: Breathing
Breathing for a victim:-
The air we exhale contains about 16 per cent oxygen (5 per cent less than in the air we inhaled) in
addition to a small amount of carbon dioxide. Exhaled breath therefore contains enough oxygen to
supply another person with oxygen –and keep him alive – when it forced into the victim’s lung during
rescue breathing.
By giving rescue breaths, you can force air into the victim’s air passage. This air reaches the air sac
(alveoli) in the lungs, and oxygen is then transferred to the tiny blood vessels within the lungs .when
you remove your mouth from the victim’s mouth, the chest falls and air containing waste product is
exhaled.
Prepared By: - Khalil Taha
20/09/2011
Edited and Designed by: Nahed Yaghi
27/09/2011 Page 7
Restoring heart rhythm
AED (automated external defibrillator) are accurate and easy use after little training, giving CPR right
away and using an AED within few minutes will increase the chances of saving the life of someone
with sudden cardiac arrest. An AED may give an electrical shock to the heart, this can stop the
abnormal heart rhythm and allow a normal heart rhythm to return.
References:
- Comprehensive school health education, 7Th edition by Linda Meeks, Philip Heit
& Randy page.
- First aid manual, 8 editions by St. John ambulance, St. Andrew’s ambulance
association and the British Red Cross.
- Mini dictionary for nurses, 5th edition, Editor Elizabeth A. Martin.
Prepared By: - Khalil Taha
20/09/2011
Edited and Designed by: Nahed Yaghi
27/09/2011 Page 8
HECMA PROGRAM
CPR Basic and Survival Chain
Chapter 2/lesson 6
Students Name:-………………………..
Class: - …………………………..
Work sheet: Survival Elements
Time: 5 minutes
Student instruction: Write the key elements of survival in the blank boxes according
what you learned in the lesson?
1
Prepared By: - Khalil Taha
2
20/09/2011
3
4
Edited and Designed by: Nahed Yaghi
27/09/2011 Page 9