PRACTICE EXAM
1. The three main functions of the nervous system include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. sensory function
b. motor function
c. thermogenic function
d. integrative function
2. Each of the following is a function of the nervous system EXCEPT:
a. providing sensation of the internal and external environments
b. integrating sensory information
c. coordinating voluntary and involuntary activities
d. directing activities that continue for extended periods such as growth
and pregnancy
e. regulated or controlling peripheral structures and systems
3. The structures that transmit a nerve impulse away from the nerve cell body’s are:
a. dendrites
b. axons
c. schwann cells
d. ependymal cells
4. The two PRIMARY divisions of the nervous system are the:
a. somatic/autonomic nervous systems
b. central/peripheral nervous systems
c. sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous systems
d. motor/integrative nervous systems
5. The division of the nervous system that regulates unconscious control over normal
physiological functions such as breathing and heart rate is the:
a. peripheral nervous system
b. autonomic nervous system
c. somatic nervous system
d. arachnoid nervous system
6. The part of the nerve that transmits impulses to the cell body is the:
a. neurofibrils
b. axon
c. dendrites
d. myofibers
7. The brain and spinal cord comprise the ___________ nervous system.
a. autonomic
b. peripheral
c. central
d. efferent
e. afferent
8. Voluntary control of skeletal muscles is provided by the ______________nervous
system
a. sympathetic
b. parasympathetic
c. afferent
d. somatic
e. autonomic
9. The part of the peripheral nervous system which brings information to the central
nervous system is:
a. motor
b. afferent
c. efferent
d. autonomic
e. somatic
10. Enlargements of the spinal cord occur:
a. near the posterior median sulcus
b. adjacent to the anterior median fissure
c. in segments of the spinal cord that control the limbs
d. in the thoracic region of the spinal cord
e. in the filum terminale
11. The ________ is a strand of fibrous tissue that provides longitudinal support as a
component of
the Coccygeal ligament.
a. conus medularis
b. filum terminale
c. cauda equine
d. dorsal root
e. ventral root
12. Interpreting the incoming sensory information to formulate a response is called?
a. Sensory
b. Motor
c. Integration
d. Sensory Change
e. both a & d
13. The spinal cord continues to elongate and enlarge until about age:
a. 20 years
b. 10 years
c. 4 years
d. 6 months
e. 2 months
14. The autonomic division of the nervous system directs:
a. voluntary motor activity
b. conscious control of skeletal muscles
c. unconscious control of skeletal muscles
d. processes that maintain homeostasis
e. sensory input from the skin
15. The autonomic nervous system:
a. the lower motor neurons directly innervate effector organs
b. there is always a synapse between the CNS and the effector organ
c. motor neurons do not synapse but are connected by gap junctions
d. the cell bodies of all motor neurons are found in ganglia outside of the CNS
e. neurons have dendrites but no axons
16. Second-order neurons of the autonomic nervous system are located in:
a. the brain
b. the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord
c. the posterior gray horns of the spinal cord
d. the anterior gray horns of the spinal cord
e. autonomic ganglia
17. Postganglionic axons of autonomic neurons are usually:
a. myelinated
b. unmyelinated
c. larger than preganglionic fibers
d. located in the brain
e. located in the spinal cord
18. The division of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for activity and
stress is the ______________ division.
a. sympathetic
b. parasympathetic
c. craniosacral
d. intramural
e. somatomotor
19. True or False: Astrocytes are shaped like the moon.
Matching
20.______Critical in maintaining the blood-brain barrier
21. _____Responsible for myelination within the CNS
22. _____Produces cerebral-spinal fluid
23. _____Responsible for myelination of the peripheral nerves
24. _____Protects the CNS from disease by phagocytosis
a. oligodendrocytes
b. ependymal cells
c. astrocytes
d. schwann cells
e. microglia
25. All of the following neuroglia assists in maintaining the CENTRAL nervous system
EXCEPT:
a. astrocytes
b. oligodendrocytes
c. ependymal cells
d. schwann cells
26. The type of neuroglia cell that removes bacteria from the CNS is the:
a. satellite cells
b. astrocytes
c. schwann cells
d. microglia cells
27. The word neuroglia which supports cells for the neurons literally means:
a. nerve destruction
b. nerve glue
c. nerve softening
d. nerve hardening
28. Which of the following is NOT a function of the neuroglia?
a. support
b. information processing
c. secretion of cerebrospinal fluid
d. isolation of neurons
e. phagocytosis
29. Each of the following is a type of glial cell found in the central nervous system
EXCEPT:
a. astrocytes
b. satellite cells
c. oligodendrocytes
d. microglia
e. ependymal cells
30. The largest and most numerous of the glial cells in the central nervous system are
the:
a. astrocytes
b. satellite cells
c. oligodendrocytes
d. ependymal cells
31. Functions of astrocytes include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. maintaining the blood-brain barrier
b. functioning in action potential transmission
c. guiding neuron development
d. performing repairs in damaged neural tissue
e. creating a three-dimensional framework for the CNS.
32. The myelin sheaths that surround the axons of some of the neurons in the CNS are
formed by:
a. astrocytes
b. satellite cells
c. oligodendrocytes
d. microglia
e. ependymal cells
33. The type of glial cell that is found lining the ventricles and spinal canal are the:
a. astrocytes
b. satellite cells
c. oligodendrocytes
d. microglia
e. ependymal cells
34. Depolarization of a membrane is due to the:
a. opening of chlorine channels
b. opening of sodium channels
c. opening of potassium channels
d. closing of sodium channels
35. What is the stage in an action potential that immediately follows depolarization?
a. hyperpolarization
b. refractory period
c. repolarization
d. resting potential
36. When neurons are protected by myelin or a myelin sheath then this nerve tissue is
referred to as:
a. gray matter
b. white matter
c. nissi bodies
d. ganglia
37. Masses of myelinated nerve fibers appear:
a. white
b. gray
c. brown
d. transparent
38. In the spinal cord, white matter is organized into ascending and descending tracts
grouping into:
a. nuclei
b. ganglia
c. columns
d. nerves
e. horns
39.______ The innermost covering of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord
(delicate mother)
40. _____The middle layer of the meninges that has a web-like structure
41.______ The outermost covering of the meninges
a. arachnoid
b. dura mater
c. pia mater
42. The web-like middle layer of the meninges covering the brain and spinal cord
is the:
a. arachnoid mater
b. dura mater
c. pia mater
d. medulla
43. The meninges known as the very delicate inner layer or the “soft mother” is called
the:
a. dura mater
b. arachnoid mater
c. pia mater
d. white mater
44. The outer most part of the brain is nicked named
a. tough mother
b. big mamma
c. tough tiger
d. strong pappy
45. All of the following are critical components of a Reflex Arc EXCEPT:
a. receptor
b. sensory neuron
c. motor neurons
d. brain
46. Receptor specificity can be the result of all the following EXCEPT:
a. the structure of the receptor cell
b. characteristics of the receptor cell membrane
c. accessory cells that function with the receptor
d. accessory structures and tissues that shield the receptors from other
stimuli
e. tissue location of the receptor cell
47. The larger the receptive field, the:
a. larger the stimulus needed to stimulate a sensory receptor
b. fewer sensory receptors there are
c. harder it is to discriminate the exact point of stimulation
d. larger the area of the somatosensory cortex in the brain that deals with
the area
e. closer together the receptor cells
48. The largest section of the brain is the:
a. cerebrum
b. cerebellum
c. brain stem
d. diencephalon
49. The four major divisions of the brain include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. cerebrum
b. brain stem
c. cerebellum
d. neurohypophysis
50. All of the following are functions of cerebral spinal fluid EXCEPT:
a. mechanical protection
b. chemical protection
c. circulation
d. stimulates CNS growth
51. The three areas of the brain stem include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. infundibulum
b. midbrain
c. pons
d. medulla
52. Which of the following links the cerebral hemispheres with the brain stem?
a. medulla oblongata
b. pons
c. mesencephalon
d. diencephalon
e. cerebellum
53. The area of the brain just superior to the pituitary gland that exhibits both nervous
and endocrine control over the pituitary gland is the:
a. pons
b. medulla oblongata
c. hypothalamus
d. corpus callosum
54. The thalamus and the hypothalamus are found within the:
a. cerebellum
b. cerebrum
c. brainstem
d. diencephalon
55. The walls of the diencephalon form the:
a. hypothalamus
b. thalamus
c. brain stem
d. mesencephalon
e. myelencephalon
56. The lobe of the cerebrum associated with the sensation of sight is the:
a. temporal lobe
b. parietal lobe
c. frontal lobe
d. occipital lobe
57. True/False – The right hemisphere of the cerebrum controls the right side of the
body.
58. True/False – The frontal lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for problem solving and
voluntary muscle control.
59. The section of the brain associated with muscle control in maintaining balance and
coordination of basic movements is the:
a. brain stem
b. diencephalon
c. cerebellum
d. thalamus
60. The “little brain” that contains the tree of life that is located below the cerebrum is
called the
a. Cerebellum
b. Mid-brain
c. Cerebrum
d. Ventricles
61. A bacterial or viral infection of the connective tissue coverings of the brain and
spinal cord causing severe headaches, fever, and can eventually lead to death if not
recognized and treated appropriately:
a. schizophrenia
b. meningitis
c. epiduralitosis
d. Reye’s syndrome
62. A disease characterized by progressive destruction of the myelin sheaths of
neurons of the CNS which disrupts nerve impulse transmission.
a. cerebral palsy
b. multiple sclerosis
c. bacterial meningitis
d. Alzheimer’s disease
63. Chronic degeneration of nervous tissue in the brain that leads to memory loss and
dementia:
a. Alzheimer’s disease
b. cerebral palsy
c. cephalgia
d. Reye’s syndrome
64. A group of motor disorders due to loss of muscle control probably caused by
damage to motor areas of the brain during fetal development.
a. multiple sclerosis
b. Alzheimer’s disease
c. Parkinson’s disease
d. cerebral palsy
65. The small muscles within the eye that cause the lens to change shape is/are the:
a. iris
b. choroid
c. ciliary body
d. optic disc
66. The structure of the eye that contains the rod and cone cells is the:
a. sclera
b. conjunctiva
c. retina
d. lens
67. The thick, outermost layer of the eyeball is the:
a. vascular tunic
b. nervous tunic
c. fibrous tunic
d. choroid plexus
68. The layer in the eye that contains photoreceptors is the:
a. iris
b. retina
c. cornea
d. sclera
69. The dendrites whose tapered ends are located along the retina of the eye and are
color sensitive are the:
a. rods
b. cones
c. iris
d. sclera
70. The “white” of the eye is called:
a. conjunctiva
b. sclera
c. cornea
d. ciliary body
71. All of the following are layers of the eye EXCEPT:
a. fibrous tunic
b. vascular tunic
c. nervous tunic
d. hydrous tunic
72. The structure responsible for a person’s eye color is the:
a. retina
b. conjunctiva
c. sclera
d. iris
73. True/False – The middle layer of the eye is the nervous tunic.
74. The sclera is the:
a. thin membrane that covers the exposed eyeball
b. colored portion of the eye
c. white outer layer of the eye
d. inner most layer of the eye
75. The dendrites that are responsible for “colored: vision are:
a. cones
b. rods
c. sclera
d. choroid
76. The structure leading tears away from the eye and to the nose is the:
a. lacrimal ducts
b. nasolacrimal ducts
c. Eustachian tube
d. nasal cavity
77. Which of the following belongs to the vascular tunic of the eye?
a. cornea
b. sclera
c. retina
d. iris
78. Which of the following forms the optic nerve?
a. retinal cells
b. bipolar cells
c. ganglion cells and axons
d. rods and cones
79. The bending of light that happens at the cornea and lens is:
a. accommodation
b. reflection
c. adaptation
d. refraction
80. The area containing the highest concentration of cones is the:
a. fovea centralis
b. optic disc
c. iris
d. macula lutea
81. The photo receptors of the eye are located on the:
a. retina
b. optic nerve
c. choroid layer
d. sclera
82. The structure of the vascular tunic that regulates the size of the pupil is the:
a. retina
b. iris
c. conjunctiva
d. lens
83. The dendrites responsible for night vision are:
a. cones
b. rods
c. choroid
d. sclera
84. The structures that covert fluid movement into an electrical event that is interpreted
as sounds or hearing is the:
a. saccule
b. organs of corti
c. vestibule
d. ossicles
85. The structure(s) in the ear responsible for helping to maintain balance and
equilibrium is/are the:
a. oval window
b. tympanic membrane
c. cochlea
d. semicircular canals
86. The name given for the small bones in the middle ear are the:
a. sutures
b. carpals
c. fontanels
d. ossicles
87. The bony labyrinth of the inner ear contains which fluid:
a. endolymph
b. vitreous humor
c. perilymph
d. aqueous humor
88. This portion of the ear is responsible for directing sound waves to the eardrum:
a. outer ear
b. middle ear
c. inner ear
d. Eustachian tube
89. The ability to maintain balance and coordination while in motion is a characteristic or
function of:
a. dynamic equilibrium
b. static equilibrium
c. thermolibrium
d. nociolibrium
90. The outer portion of the ear is known as the:
a. cochlea
b. tympanum
c. auricle
d. oval window
91. All of the following are structures of the middle ear EXCEPT:
a. Eustachian tube
b. tympanic membrane
c. cochlea
d. auditory ossicles
92 A maze like series of canals within the temporal bone is known as the:
a. external auditory canal
b. organs of corti
c. bony labyrinth
d. auditory ossicles
93. The bones of the middle ear:
a. responds to a change in the position of the head
b. are sense receptors connected to the auditory nerve
c. are called the utricle, saccule, and statolith
d. transmit sound waves
94.
A condition of elevated pressure in the eye due to an obstruction of outflow of the
aqueous and
A vitreous humor.
a. Strabismus
b. Conjunctivitis
c. Glaucoma
d. Anosmia
Matching
95. ______tinnitus
96. ______vertigo
97. ______hyperopia
98. ______myopia
a. farsightedness
b. nearsightedness
c. ringing in the ears
d. dizziness or spatial disorienta
99. The inability to clearly see near objects is called:
a. Nearsightedness
b. Astigmatism
c. Farsightedness
d. Presbyopia
100. An abnormally high intraocular pressure is referred to as:
a. Cataracts
b. Glaucoma
c. Vertigo
d. Tinnitus