IB SL-HL BIOLOGY YEAR 1 SEMESTER 1 FINAL REVIEW SHEET
Exam Format:
o Topics covered: 2 (2.1-2,4), 3 (3.1-3.6), 7 (All)
o Exam Length: 2 hours
o Questioning: Multiple choice, Short Answer, Long Answer, Graph Analysis, Calculations, Diagram
drawing, labeling and identification
Midterm Exam Check Sheet
Syllabus Topics
Topic 2.1 Cell Theory
Topic 2.2 Prokaryotic Cells
Topic 2.3 Eukaryotic Cells
Topic 2.4 Membranes
Syllabus
Subtopics
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4
2.1.5
2.1.6
2.1.7
2.1.8
2.1.9
2.1.10
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
2.3.4
2.3.5
2.3.6
2.4.1
2.4.2
2.4.3
2.4.4
2.4.5
2.4.6
2.4.7
2.4.8
Check

Syllabus Topics
Topic 3.4 DNA Replication
Topic 3.5. Transcription and
translation
Topic 3.6 Enzymes
Topic 7.1 DNA (HL ONLY)
Topic 7.2 DNA Replication
Topic 7.3 Transcription
Topic 7.4 Translation
Topic 3.1 Elements & Water
Topic 3.2 Carbs., Lipids, &
Proteins
Topic 3.3 DNA structure
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4
3.1.5
3.1.6
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.2.5
3.2.6
3.2.7
3.3.1
3.3.2
Topic 7.5. Proteins
Topic 7.6 Enzymes
Syllabus
Subtopics
3.3.4
3.3.5
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.5.
3.5.1
3.5.2
3.5.3
3.5.4
3.5.5
3.6.1
3.6.2
3.6.3
3.6.4
3.6.5
7.1.1
7.1.2
7.1.3
7.1.4
7.1.5
7.2.1
7.2.2
7.2.3
7.3.1
7.3.2
7.3.3
7.3.4
7.4.1
7.4.2
7.4.3
7.4.4
7.4.5
7.4.6
7.5.1
7.5.2
7.5.3
7.5.4
7.6.1
7.6.2
7.6.3
7.6.4
7.6.5
Check
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3.3.3
Extra:
1) Identifying organelles from electron micrographs
2) Identifying types of molecules from their molecular structure/diagrams
3) Results, procedures, skills and vocabulary learned in LABS
Midterm Exam Questions for Review
1. a) State one function of each of the following organelles, and whether they are found in plant cells, animal cells or
both.
•
Lysosome
•
Golgi apparatus
•
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
•
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
•
Mitochondrion
•
Chloroplast
•
Nucleus
•
Centriole/Centrosome
•
Peroxisome
•
Ribosome
•
Cytoplasm
•
Cell Membrane
•
Cell Wall
•
Cytoskeleton
b) Organize the following structures from largest to smallest:
plasma membrane, ribosome, enzyme (protein), virus, E.coli, mitochondria, chloroplast, paramecium, carbon atom.
(2 marks)
2. Distinguish between the structure of plant and animal cells. (6 marks)
4. Explain how the surface area to volume ratio influences cell sizes. (3 marks)
5.
Describe the importance of stem cells in differentiation. (3)
6. List the functions of membrane proteins. (4 marks)
7. Outline the process of endocytosis and exocytosis. (8 marks)
8. (a) Distinguish between diffusion and osmosis. (2 marks)
(b) Describe how the properties of phospholipids help to maintain the structure of the cell surface membrane. (3)
(c) State the composition and the function of the plant cell wall. (2)
9.
Explain the various methods cells use to transport materials across membranes. (8 marks)
11.
Explain how vesicles are used in cells, including the way in which they form and are reabsorbed. (8 marks)
12.
Explain what is happening in each figure in the diagram below. Indicate which is a plant cell and which is an
animal cell. Indicate what type of solutions these cells are in, and the direction of water flow.
13.
Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers. (20 marks total)
(a)
Before cell division in unicellular and multicellular organisms, the nucleus must divide to produce two
genetically identical nuclei. Explain the events that occur in cells that result in the production of
genetically identical nuclei. (8)
(b)
Cell division in unicellular organisms can increase the population size. Outline reasons for the
population of
a unicellular organism not increasing, despite reproduction by cell division. (6)
(c)
Suggest why cell division is necessary in multicellular organisms. (4)
14. Describe the significance of water to living organisms. (6 marks)
15. Write a structural difference between organic and inorganic substance.
16. Define condensation reaction. Draw a simple diagram illustrating condensation with protein. (3)
17. Define hydrolysis. Draw a simple diagram illustrating hydrolysis with carbohydrates. (3)
18. Write a function that both proteins and lipids do in animal’s body.
19. Write a function that lipids do but proteins do not.
20. Write an element, which is found in nucleic acids but not in proteins.
21. Write an element, which is found both in protein and nucleic acids but not in carbohydrates.
22. Do you have starch in your body? If yes, where is it? What is its function? Be specific.
If no, give your reason.
23. State where hydrolysis takes place in your body? Describe its purpose in your body? (2 marks)
30. Draw a diagram of DNA and label its component parts as well as the bonds which hold the DNA nucleotide
together.
31. (a) In the diagram below, draw in the bonds between the bases and the bonds connecting the phosphate-sugar
backbone. State which type of bonds they are (covalent or hydrogen). Indicate (by drawing) the 5’ and 3’
carbons on each sugar molecule. (4 marks)
(b) Outline why the pairing between bases is called COMPLEMENTARY pairings and why the DNA strands are
described as ANTIPARALLEL. (4 marks)
32.
Compare, with the aid of a diagram, the structure of generalized prokaryotic and eukaryotic animal
cells.
(Total 8 marks)
33- Explain how the properties of phospholipids help to maintain the structure of cell membranes.
34.
(a)
The table below compares prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Place a tick ( ) wherever the
organelle is present.
Organelle
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Nucleus
Mitochondrion
Ribosomes
(2)
(b)
(i)
The graph below shows the energy changes in a reaction.
Energy
Progress of reaction
On the above graph draw the result you would obtain in this same reaction if an enzyme that
catalyses this reaction were added.
(1)
(ii)
35.
Explain how the enzyme produces this effect.
(a) State the typical size of
(i)
a bacterium; ......................................................................................................
(ii)
an average eukaryotic cell. ...............................................................................
(1)
(1)
(b)
Explain the importance of the surface area to volume ratio in limiting cell size.
38.
Distinguish between the structure of plant and animal cells.
(Total 6 marks)
41.
Explain how vesicles are used in cells, including the way in which they form and are reabsorbed.
(Total 8 marks)
43.
Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in regards to three different features.
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
1.
........................................................... ...........................................................
........................................................... ...........................................................
2.
........................................................... ...........................................................
........................................................... ...........................................................
3.
.
........................................................... ..........................................................
........................................................... ...........................................................
44- a. For each of the processes below, state if a bacterial cell can perform the given process by
writing
I. Movement
YES or NO.
………………
II. Protein synthesis (they can make protein) …………….
III. Cell wall synthesis ….. …………..
b. For item (II) only, explain your reasoning for your answer above.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
..........................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................
45. a. Explain what would happen to a breast cell that secretes milk if its Golgi apparatus is defective / not
working?
………………………………………….
a. Explain you answer to part (a). Be as specific and complete as you can.
..........................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................
CELL MEMBRANE QUESTIONS
42.
Explain the various methods cells use to transport materials across membranes.
(Total 8 marks)
39. The hormone insulin leaves the cell by exocytosis. Describe the process of exocytosis.
40.
Describe the process of active transport across membranes.
37.
Describe the process of active transport.
(Total 4 marks)
7. An artificial cell consisting of an aqueous solution enclosed in a selectively permeable membrane has
just been immersed in a beaker containing a different solution. The membrane is permeable to water and
to the simple sugars but completely impermeable to any other substance.
a.
Which solute(s)
will exhibit a net diffusion
into the cell? [1]
Environment:
0.03M sucrose
0.02M glucose
b. Which solute(s) will exhibit a net
diffusion out of the cell? [1]
c.
Is the environment hypotonic, isotonic or hypertonic to the cell? Explain. [2]
d.
In which direction will there be a net osmotic movement of water?
Artificial cell:
0.01M sucrose
0.01M glucose
0.01M fructose
............................................................
e.
After the cell is placed in the beaker, will the artificial cell become more turgid? Explain. [3]
f.
If instead of immersing the artificial cell in this environment, we placed it in distilled water, explain
how the solutes (give specific names) and water would move. [3]
The Following Questions are for HL STUDENTS ONLY
1.
(a)
State one type of secondary structure of a protein. (1)
(b)
Outline the differences between globular and fibrous proteins, giving a named example of each. (3)
(c)
Explain the significance of polar amino acids for membrane proteins. (2)
2.
The diagram below shows a channel protein in a membrane. Which parts of the surface of the protein would
be composed of polar amino acids. (1 mark)
A.
I and II only
B.
II and III only
C.
III and IV only
D.
I and IV only
3.
Compare fibrous and globular proteins.
4.
Describe how the polarity of membrane proteins relates to their location and function. (6
5.
Describe the Supercoiling of DNA to form chromosomes. (6 marks)
6.
Define the term: gene.