RESILIENCE PROGRAMMES IN AFRICA
Resilience is the ability of people, households, communities, countries, and systems to mitigate, adapt to and
recover from shocks and stresses in a manner that reduces chronic vulnerability and facilitates inclusive growth.
(USAID)
COUNTRY/REGION
ORGANIZATION
PROGRAMME
Horn of Africa:
Ethiopia, Kenya, Djibouti and
Somalia
European Commission
'Supporting the Horn of Africa's Resilience' (SHARE)
SHARE is a joint humanitarian-development approach to improve
the ability of people, communities and countries to face persistent
and acute emergencies. With a package of more than €270 million,
SHARE initially aims to boost resilience in the Eastern HoA
countries: Ethiopia, Kenya, Djibouti and Somalia by addressing
recovery from drought: build on emergency interventions;
strengthen the livelihood opportunities of agro-pastoral
communities; improve public services and boost the response to
crises.
The 'recovery' phase of SHARE lays the foundation for long-term
development support in the entire Horn of Africa. SHARE is, with a
longer term perspective, looking to improve, for example, land
resource management; ameliorate the income opportunities for
nomadic populations dependent on livestock; manage malnutrition
cases to try to find lasting solutions for the heavy burden of chronic
malnutrition and look at durable solutions for protracted refugees
and uprooted populations within countries and the region.
http://ec.europa.eu/echo/policies/resilience/share_en.htm
PPCR is active in nine countries
among them Mozambique, Niger
and Zambia
African Development Bank Group
(AfDB)
Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR)
The Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR) is funded by the
Strategic Climate Fund (SCF), one of the two Climate Investment
Funds (CIF). It is designed to demonstrate ways that developing
countries can make climate risk and resilience part of their core
development planning. It helps countries build on their National
Adaptation Programs of Action and helps fund public and private
sector investments identified in climate resilient development
plans.
With pledges of approximately USD 1 billion, PPCR is active in nine
country and two regional pilots worldwide, including three in Africa:
Mozambique, Niger, and Zambia.
The AfDB is supporting each of these African nations as they
coordinate with their respective civil societies, private sectors and
other development partners to develop their PPCR investment
strategies. Once approved, the AfDB will begin channeling PPCR
funds to specific projects along with co-financing from its own
resources.
Mozambique
Mozambique ranks third amongst the African countries most
exposed to risks from multiple weather related hazards. The AfDB is
working closely with the government of Mozambique and other
partners to develop a PPCR investment strategy that will help
mainstream climate change in central budgets and planning,
sectoral investments, and the private sector. It will hinge on
Mozambique’s NAPA priorities to 1) strengthen early warning
systems; 2) build the capacity of farmers to deal with climate
change; 3) reduce the impacts of climate change along the coastal
zone; and 4) improve water resources management. These
priorities cover the Zambezi basin prone to flooding, the Limpopo
watershed prone to drought, and the coastal town of Beira and its
corridor prone to cyclones.
Mozambique has received a PPCR program development grant of
USD 1.5 million to support preparation of its PPCR investment plan.
The AfDB is helping execute several studies, including the Strategic
Environmental and Social Environmental Assessment (SESIA) of the
investment plan, an institutional assessment and public
expenditures review, and a coastal cities vulnerability study among
others.
Zambia
Zambia’s vulnerability to climate change is due to its economic
dependency on climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture and
natural resources. The AfDB is working closely with the government
of Zambia and other partners to develop a PPCR investment
strategy in line with national development priorities, including
strengthening early warning weather systems, integrating climate
resilience in infrastructure planning and investments, and
strengthening the adaptive capacity and livelihood of farmers and
natural ecosystems in the most affected areas of southern and
western Zambia.
Zambia has received a PPCR program development grant of USD 1.5
million to support preparation of its PPCR investment strategy. The
AfDB is supporting this phase by providing input on mainstreaming
climate resilience into national developing planning, strengthening
institution coordination, improving information for decision makers,
and shaping targeted awareness and communication.
http://www.afdb.org/en/topics-and-sectors/initiativespartnerships/climate-investment-funds-cif/strategic-climatefund/pilot-program-for-climate-resilience-ppcr/
Horn of Africa
Djibouti, Ethiopia and Kenya
African Development Bank Group
(AfDB)
The Drought Resilience and Sustainable Livelihoods Program
The priority areas emanating from the study and selected by the
Bank for intervention include: (i) Water Resources Infrastructure, (ii)
Livestock Infrastructure, (iii) Markets and Marketing of livestock and
livestock products, (iv) Capacity Building and (vi) Conflict Resolution
and Peace Building.
The Drought Resilience and Sustainable Livelihoods Program
(DRSLP), FEED MY COW, will develop regional systems to alleviate
the negative impacts caused by the deteriorating environmental
conditions in the Horn of Africa. Mechanisms will be established to
enhance the availability of infrastructure for natural resources
management (water and pastures) at the regional level (given the
mobility of pastoralists across borders) and ensuring stability of the
environment as well as the harmonious sharing of the resources in a
sustainable manner.
The DRSLP will be carried out in phases, with the first phase
beginning in 2013. Three countries – and IGAD will be financed in
the first phase for an amount of US $125 million. However, it is
imperative to have all the countries included in the program to
prevent problems of overgrazing, transmission of trans-boundary
animal diseases and conflicts that may occur if one country has
better water, pasture and livestock services resulting in pastoralist
flocking to one location.
http://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/article/the-droughtresilience-and-sustainable-livelihoods-program-10235/
Ethiopia
Feinstein International Centre
World Vision
Tufts University
Africa Community Resilience Project
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) programs encompass many different
kinds of activities, but share the fundamental objective of
enhancing the capacity of vulnerable communities to identify,
reduce and manage risk, whether it be at the local, regional or
national level. Ethiopia is one of the most food-insecure countries in
the world, but only recently has the food security problem begun to
be understood in terms of a complete analysis of livelihoods, rather
than simply a food supply problem. New disaster risk management
policies in Ethiopia address this issue nation-wide.
The Africa Community Resilience Project (ACRP) was designed by
World Vision International in line with the Hyogo Framework for
Action as a blueprint to creating resilient communities. The project
is research-based and will build capacity for improving resilience
through disaster risk management programming and
mainstreaming in one area of Tigray Region. Tufts University was
engaged to conduct the research and programmatic learning side of
the program.
CIDA countries of focus: Ethiopia,
Canadian International
Ghana, Mali, Mozambique, Senegal, Development Agency (CIDA)
Tanzania
Other: Burkina Faso, Cameroon,
Democratic Republic of the Congo,
Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South
Africa, Zambia
Rockerfeller Foundation
The objective of the Canada Fund for African Climate Resilience
(Canada Fund) is to support projects that will substantially improve
and increase food security and/or economic growth within an
African country by reducing the impacts of climate change through
protection of investments and/or adaptation measures.
The Foundation’s Developing Climate Change Resilience initiative
seeks to help poor and vulnerable communities prepare for,
withstand, and recover from the negative effects of climate change.
A key focus of this work is insuring that resilience strategies are a
more integral part of agricultural research, development, planning,
training, capacity building and implementation in African countries.
This, in turn, strengthens the resilience of smallholder farmers to
climate variability and change, giving current investments in
improving African agriculture a greater impact over the long term.
The Rockefeller Foundation is helping to ensure the ability of poor
and vulnerable smallholder African farmers to maintain, increase,
and improve their own agricultural production despite climate
change. To accomplish this, the African Agriculture component of
the Foundation’s Developing Climate Change Resilience initiative is
helping agricultural research and development organizations in
Africa integrate climate change resilience measures into their
practice: testing interventions that could be implemented more
extensively in African countries to build resilience to climate
change; developing the necessary scientific evidence base and
policy environment to promote agricultural resilience-building in
Africa; and building the required capacity that will enable a core of
African agricultural scientists and development experts to execute
best practices in climate change resilience measures.
Anticipated Outcomes
 Capacity Building
 Agricultural research and development centers enhance
their internal capacity and a cohort of African agricultural
scientists and development experts are trained to address
the major climate related agricultural challenges that will
affect food systems for poor people in Africa.
 Knowledge and Experimentation
 African agricultural research and development institutions
and others engage in experimentation to produce
innovative approaches to increased stability of agricultural
production needed to help smallholder farmers meet their
own basic food security and income needs.
 Partnerships and Resource Mobilization
 New partnerships and networks among major stakeholders
(e.g., agriculture research institutions, climate science
organizations, governments, NGOs, donors) are formed to
leverage resources (human capacity, information, funds,
research results, infrastructure) aimed at improving the
enabling environment necessary for building the climate
resilience of smallholder farming systems in Africa.


Enabling Policies
Policy frameworks are generated and implemented that
allow the integration of climate information into
agricultural development practice, facilitate
experimentation in building climate resilience, and
strengthen institutional partnerships needed to support
smallholder farmers.
Department for International
Development (DFID)
Strengthening Climate Resilience (SCR) is a DfID funded programme
that aims to enhance the ability of governments and civil-society
organisations in developing countries to build the resilience of
communities to disasters and climate change as part of their
development work. SCR, along with over 500 disaster risk
practitioner have developed the Climate Smart Disaster Risk
Management (CSDRM) approach to better integrate disaster risk
reduction, climate change adaptation and development.
http://community.eldis.org/.59d49986/
Department for International
Development (DFID)
Groundwater resilience to climate change in Africa.
The aim of the project is to improve understanding of the impacts
of climate change on groundwater resources and local demand. The
project will develop policy recommendations for sustainable
groundwater development and management that will support
adaptation and build resilience. There are three key objectives:
1. To strengthen the evidence base linking climate change, climate
variability, aquifer resilience and livelihood vulnerability.
2. To support local and international research agendas and
programmes, including the ability to collect and interpret data, and
transform data into policy-relevant information and knowledge.
3. To develop evidence-based guidance on assessing how
groundwater can support adaptation and build resilience to climate
change.
Background:
Groundwater provides most of the domestic water in rural Africa
and supports poverty reduction through irrigation. Reliance on
groundwater is likely to increase as rainfall becomes more variable
and demand for water becomes greater.
Ethiopia
Oxfam America and the United
Nations World Food Programme
However, African groundwater resources are poorly understood,
and there is little knowledge about how resilient they are to climate
change. This lack of knowledge is reflected in the small amount of
information on groundwater presented in the IPCC 4th Assessment
Report and Technical Paper on Water.
R4 Rural Resilience Initiative
Oxfam America and the United Nations World Food Programme
have launched the R4 Rural Resilience Initiative to give farmers and
rural families a new way to manage some of the risks they face from
increasingly erratic weather. The initiative offers households access
to drought insurance and credit; it facilitates their work on
environmental projects that strengthen their communities; and it
encourages families to save. Empowered with these riskmanagement tools, families can develop resilience to climate
change and the challenges it presents to their food security and
long-term well-being.
Oxfam America and the United Nations World Food Programme
have launched the R4 Rural Resilience Initiative. R4 refers to the
four risk management strategies the initiative integrates. It builds
on the initial success of an earlier program called HARITA, or the
Horn of Africa Risk Transfer for Adaptation). Developed by Oxfam
America together with a host of partners, HARITA enabled poor
farmers to strengthen their food and income security through a
combination of improved resource management (risk reduction),
insurance (risk transfer), microcredit (prudent risk taking) and
savings (risk reserves)—the four Rs.
HARITA has broken new ground in the field of rural risk
management by enabling Ethiopia’s poorest farmers to pay for crop
insurance with their own labor. Since its launch in Ethiopia, HARITA
has shown promising results for replication. It started with the
enrollment of 200 households in a financial package offered in one
village in 2009. By 2011the project had grown to enroll more than
13,000 households in 43 villages– directly affecting approximately
75,000 people.
http://home.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/communic
ations/wfp240451.pdf
http://www.oxfamamerica.org/issues/insurance/what-oxfam-isdoing
OCHA
Enhancing Emergency Preparedness Capacities and Systems for
Stronger National Resilience
OCHA will contribute, alongside other humanitarian organisations, to ensure
that broader collective efforts are made by humanitarian and development
actors to increase the resilience of communities and states in high risk of
disasters.
Specifically, OCHA commits to:
1) Adopt a holistic risk management approach to emergency preparedness.
This will be done by coordinating the implementation of minimum
preparedness systems to strengthen the in-country humanitarian
coordination system;
2) Work with development partners to create an enabling environment for
emergency preparedness;
3) Support countries to better integrate the secondary hazards of
technological and industrial accidents into national contingency planning.
How this will be achieved
OCHA will roll out a Minimum Preparedness Package (MPP) approach in
disaster-prone, high-risk countries. OCHA’s Global Focus Model will be used
as the basis for prioritising these countries over the next three years. The
package will increase the speed and efficiency of the national and the
country team’s response to disasters.
OCHA will work closely with development partners to ensure Humanitarian
Coordinators, Resident Coordinators and Country Teams focus on risk
management and resilience in a complementary manner.
Deliverables
Deliverable
D
a
t
e
Operational guidance on the integration of the secondary
hazards of technological and industrial accidents into
national contingency planning developed and capacitybuilding workshops organized through the virtual
Environmental Emergencies Centre.
2
0
1
5
OCHA’s MPP approach rolled out, supported and
implemented in a relevant proportion of disaster-prone,
high-risk countries where only a Resident Coordination is
present (98 countries as of May 2012).
2
0
1
5
OCHA’s MPP approach rolled out, supported and
implemented in 100% of disaster-prone, high-risk
countries where there is a Humanitarian Coordinator and
an OCHA presence.
Horn of Africa and Sahel
Global Alliance for Action
Global Alliance for Action for Drought Resilience & Growth
In April 2012, the Global Alliance for Action for Drought
Resilience and Growth was launched with African governments
and international partners to strengthen a shared commitment
to build resilience in areas in the Horn of Africa plagued by
chronic crisis. The purpose of the group is to work with local
leadership to change the way the international community does
business and put resilience at the heart of development efforts in
the Horn of Africa and Sahel. The Global Alliance is charged with
articulating and institutionalizing a common vision of improved
communication, coordination, and collaboration within and
between its member organizations to increase aid effectiveness
in drought-prone areas of the Horn of Africa and the Sahel. The
group will reconvene later in 2012 to assess progress.
Horn of Africa
Following below-average 2011 spring rains in the eastern Horn of
Africa that were widely regarded as the worst in 60 years, food
security among pastoralists and populations in marginal farming
areas sharply deteriorated. At its height, drought in the Horn of
Africa, coupled with conflict in Somalia, affected over 13 million
people. In southern Somalia, 20 years of conflict wore down the
country's ability to cope, and the drought led to a famine. At
least three of every 10 children there were malnourished, and
two out of every 10,000 people were dying each day. One in five
lacked access to basic foods like bread or rice.
Sahel
Across the Sahel region, there are currently more than 18 million
people impacted by drought, poor harvests, rising food prices
and conflict. Similar to the situation in the Horn of Africa, the
Sahel is experiencing a shortening of the gap between hunger
crises, with major events in 2005, 2008, 2010, and 2012
undermining the coping abilities of the region's population and
leaving an estimated 20% of the population (12 million people)
perpetually at risk. On June 18, 2012, the European Union
launched a new partnership to strengthen resilience from future
crises in the Sahel. The initiative, called Alliance Globale pour
l'Initiative Resilience (AGIR Sahel), seeks to ensure that the
people in the Sahel can better cope with future droughts.
http://globalallianceforaction.com/