WEATHER AND CLIMATE
State “weather” or “climate” for #1 to #5
1. The city of Philadelphia averages about 22 inches of snow per year while suburbs to the north and west
average slightly more.
2. The current temperature outside is 40 degrees Fahrenheit but the wind chill makes it feel like it is 25
degrees Fahrenheit. Brrrrr.
3. Although it is sunny today, tomorrow we can expect cloudy conditions with a chance of rain.
4. Pennsylvania averages about 28 confirmed tornadoes per year.
5. Winters in Alaska can sometimes be warmer than winters in Pennsylvania.
Choose from the following word bank for #6 to #25
Relative Humidity
Cloudiness
Precipitation
Visibility
Air Pressure
Wind Speed
Wind Direction
Dewpoint Temperature
Wind Chill
UV Index
Weather
Climate
Air Temperature
Heat
Cold Front
Warm Front
Low Pressure
High Pressure
Snow
Rain
6. The closer this temperature is to the actual air temperature, the less dry the air feels.
7. Precipitation colored green on a weather map.
8. How far you can see.
9. “L” colored red on a weather map.
10. Measurement of the average kinetic energy.
11. Miles per hour or knots.
12. A combination of wind speed and air temperature that shows you what the temperature “feels like.”
13. Intensity of sun’s rays.
14. Precipitation colored white or blue on a weather map.
15. “H” colored blue on a weather map.
16. A % between 0 and 100.
17. Scattered, broken, partly cloudy, overcast are examples.
18. Rain, snow, sleet, hail, showers, freezing rain are examples.
19. High and Low are examples.
20. North, south, west northwest, and east are examples.
21. Total kinetic energy in a system.
22. State of the atmosphere at a given time and place.
23. Blue line with blue triangles.
24. Red line with red semi circles.
25. Weather conditions averaged over a period of time.
ATMOSPHERE COMPOSITION
26. Which of the following gases are the most abundant within our atmosphere?
A. Water vapor and carbon dioxide
B. Nitrogen and oxygen
C. Hydrogen and helium
D. Oxygen and argon
E. None of the above
27. In the oxygen lab, what did you learn about the gases nitrogen and oxygen?
A. Neither nitrogen or oxygen is combustible
B. Only oxygen is combustible
C. Only nitrogen is combustible
D. Both nitrogen and oxygen are combustible.
28. If I gave you 10 Liters of earthly air, about how much of it would be nitrogen?
A. 2.1 Liters
B. less than 1.0 Liters
C. 10 Liters
D. 7.8 Liters
E. 5.0 Liters
29. If I gave you 10 Liters of earthly air, how much would be other gases besides nitrogen and oxygen?
A. 2.1 Liters
B. less than 1.0 Liters
C. 10 Liters
D. 7.8 Liters
E. 5.0 Liters
30. How much of the atmosphere’s weight is found within the first 32 km of the Earth’s surface?
A. 3
B. 21
C. 78
D. 99
E. 100
HEATING OF THE ATMOSPHERE
Note: Indicate whether each statement is referring to radiation, conduction, or convection. Choose the
best answer.
31. Burning your hand on a hot stove.
32. Warm air rising to the attic of your home.
33. Getting warm by a campfire.
34. A heat lamp helping plants grow faster.
35. Ocean water becoming colder as you swim down to pick up a seashell.
36. Receiving a bad sun burn on a hot summer day in Florida.
37. Heating up water for tea in a kettle on a stove top.
38. Nights are usually colder than days.
39. You burn your feet on hot sand while trying to get to the ocean.
CONTOLS OF TEMPERATURE
Note: Fill in the blank or answer the question with the best possible answer.
40. Degrees north and south of the equator is _______________.
41. The normal lapse rate states that for every 1,000 feet, the temperature changes
_______________ degrees Fahrenheit.
42. The vertical rays from the sun are focused on the Tropic of Cancer. In the Northern Hemisphere,
it is the first day of which season?
43. The vertical rays from the sun are focused on the Tropic of Capricorn. In the Northern
Hemisphere, it is the first day of which season?
44. Use the picture above. The arrow represents where the vertical rays are focused. In the Northern
Hemisphere, it is the first day of which season.
A. Spring
B. Summer
C. Fall
D. Winter
E. This is an impossible scenario
45. If the temperature at the base of a 10,000 foot mountain is 70 degrees Fahrenheit, what is the
temperature at the summit (top) in degrees Fahrenheit?
A. 0
B. 35
C. 70
D. 105
E. None of the above
46. and 47. If the vertical ray is focused upon the equator it could be the first day of which two seasons?
48. and 49. Specific Heat- the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of ____ gram of stuff,
_____ degree Celsius.
50. Which of the following is the specific heat of water?
A. 1.00
B. 0.50
C. 0.42
D. 0.19
E. 0.18
51. Which of the following is the specific heat of rock?
A. 1.00
B. 0.50
C. 0.42
D. 0.19
E. 0.18
52. Which of the following is the specific heat of beach sand?
A. 1.00
B. 0.50
C. 0.42
D. 0.19
E. 0.18
53. Which of the following is the specific heat of ice?
A. 1.00
B. 0.50
C. 0.42
D. 0.19
E. 0.18
54. Which of the following is the specific heat of wood?
A. 1.00
B. 0.50
C. 0.42
D. 0.19
E. 0.18
55. and 56. On average, the warmest time of day is between _________ and __________ in the afternoon.
57. On average, the coolest time of day is just before __________.
OXYGEN LAB
58. Earth has an atmospheric composition of 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen. If you were to perform the
oxygen lab to perfection, how far up the tube would the water rise?
59. Planet “X” has an atmospheric composition of 85% oxygen and 15% nitrogen. If you were to perform
the oxygen lab to perfection on Planet “X”, how far up the tube would the water rise?
ATMOSHERIC STRUCTURE
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Exosphere
Thermosphere
Troposphere
For questions #60 through #65, use the word bank above. Note: each word will be used and used once.
60. This layer is the top layer of the atmosphere. This layer separates Earth from outer space. Hint: to
exit Earth and enter outer space you must pass through this layer.
61. Temperature decreases with an increase in altitude within this layer. This layer is the coldest layer.
Meteors can sometimes fall into this layer but hardly ever fall below it.
62. Temperature rises dramatically within this layer. This layer is the warmest. This layer is home to the
aurora (northern lights).
63. Temperature decreases with an increase in altitude within this layer. This layer is the layer above the
surface of the Earth. This is where weather occurs and where one can find geese, clouds, and mountains.
64. Temperature increases with an increase in altitude within this layer. Jet planes usually fly in this
layer. This layer also contains ozone gas which protects us from harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun.
65. Which of the following layers keeps radio waves from entering outer space and instead reflects them
back to Earth?
A. Troposphere
B. Stratosphere
C. Mesosphere
D. Thermosphere
E. Ionosphere
Plot the following data on a graph. Draw two best fit lines for “light on” and “light off.” Then,
calculate the slope of each line with correct units.
Time (minutes)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Temperature (degrees Celsius)
LIGHT ON
8
11
13
18
22
24
LIGHT OFF
21
18
16
14
9
Earth and Space Science
Name _______________________________
Pd. _______________________________
Date _______________________________
Answer Sheet
Hey! You! Write in
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66. Complete graph and
staple graph paper to
answer sheet.