Biology 11 preAP
Plant Diversity
Plant Diversity Workshop! Part 1: Preparation
KEY
Name:_____________________
Date:______________________
Block:_____
Purpose: to master unique characteristics of four plant groups:
1) bryophytes (mosses, liverwarts, and hogwarts)
2) ferns and other seedless vascular plants
3) gymnosperms (naked seed vascular plants, ex: conifers)
4) angiospersms (flowering plants, ex: monocots and eudicots)
Preparation: Use the overview package as well as chapters 29 and 30 to answer the following 10 questions:
1) Examine the phylogenetic tree of land plants below. What is a land plant’s closest evolutionary relative?
Green Algae
2) All land plants have a life cycle that consists of alteration of generations. Examine the typical life cycle
diagram. Define the following terms:
alteration of generations: life cycle that consists of two multicellular stages (gametophyte=n and
sporophyte=2n)
gametophyte: haploid (n) life stage
sporophyte: diploid (2n) life stage
sporangia: organ in sporophytes that developes haploid
spores (through meiosis) that will turn into gametophytes
spores: haploid products of sporrophte generation that
will grown into gemetophytes
gametangia: organ in gametophtyes that produce
gametes (through mitosis) that will be used for
fertilization
archegonia: female gametangia that produce egg
gametes
egg: female gamete
antheridia: male gametangia that produce sperm
sperm: male gametes
3) What is the difference between a nonvascular plant and a vascular plant?
Vaslular plant has no xylem or phloem tissue (tissue that transport water and sugars through a plant)
whereas vascular plants have complex xylem and phloem tissue that can transport water and sugars
through the plant. (Therefore the vascular plant can get much larger.)
4) What life stage dominates in bryophytes (mosses)? What life stage dominates in ferns and other
seedless plants?
Dominant stage in mosses = gametophyte (n)
Dominant stage in ferns – sporophyte (2n)
5) What are the two groups of seed plants? Examples?
Gymnosperms – vascular plants with naked seeds ex: conifers such as a cedar tree
Angiosperms – vascular plants that produce flowers and fruit ex: rose bush, wheat grass, apple tree
6) Explain the adaptation of reduced gametophytes.
Protection! – increases reproductive success
7) What is heterospory? Include the terms megaspores and microspores in your explanation.
Heterospory = the production of two types of spores: megaspores which produce female gametophytes and
microspores which produce male gametophytes.
8) Describe what is in the ovule and what is in the pollen. Why was the evolution of pollen a key
adaptation to land?
Ovule: meagasporangium, megaspore and growing female gametophyte, protective tissue, and developing egg
gamete
Pollen: male gametophyte – contains two sperm nuclei
Pollen key to life on land because it can be transferred without water!
9) What is the difference between a seed and a spore? What are the advantages of a seed?
seed develops from fertilization and will develop into sporophyte, spore is from meiosis and will
develop into gametophyte
seed: multicellular with several layers of tissue that protect the embryo.
10) Examine the diagram of a flower. Define the following terms:
flower: reproductive plant organ that contains the
sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels
stamen: male reproductive structure that produces
microspores in the anthers (which develop into pollen
grains)
carpels: female reproductive structure that produces
megaspores (which produce female gametophytes with
eggs)
fruits: mature ovaries of the plant that develops after
fertilization
Comparison of Important Characteristics of Land Plants
Features
Mosses
Ferns
Gymnosperns
Angiosperms
Gametophyte
Sporophte
Sporophte
Sporophte
Yes! (sperm)
Yes! (sperm)
No (sperm contained
in pollen)
No (sperm contained
in pollen)
nonvascular
vascular
vascular
vascular
Homosporous
(gametophyte has
both antheridia to
produce sperm and
archegonia to
produce eggs)
Homosporous
(gametophyte has
both antheridia to
produce sperm and
archegonia to
produce eggs)
Heterosporous
(ovulate cone
produces female
gametophyte, pollen
cone produces male
male gametophytes)
Heterosporous
(flower has anther,
which produces male
gametophyte and
ovary, which
produces female
Diagram/Sketch
Gametophyte or
sporophyte
dominant?
Is water required for
fertilization?
Vascular or
nonvascular tissue?
Homosporous or
heterosporous?
gametophyte)
Seeds?
no
no
yes
yes
no
no
yes
yes
no
no
no
yes
Club mosses
Lady ferns
Pine Trees
Lilies
Pollen grains?
Fruit?
Examples: