Supplementary Information
Table S-1. Identified transfer efficiency studies excluded in analysis.
Table S-2. Summary of probability distributions tested
References for supplementary information
Table S-1. Identified transfer efficiency studies excluded in analysis.
Study Title
Reason Not Included in Analysis
Environmental Residues and Biomonitoring Estimates of
reports only summary statistics
Human Insecticide Exposure from Treated Residential Turf
Comparison of Sampling Methods for Determination of
reports only summary statistics
Pesticide Residue on Leaf Surfaces
Dislodgeability of Chlorpyrifos and Fluoresecent Tracer
reports only summary statistics
Residues on Turf: Comparison of Wipe and Foliar Wash
Sampling Techniques
Potential Chlorpyrifos Exposure to Residents Following
dislodgeable values are below
Standard Crack and Crevice Treatment
limit of quantification
Characterizing residue transfer efficiencies using a
reports only summary statistics
fluorescent imaging technique
Potential Exposure and Health Risks of Infants following
reports only summary statistics
Indoor Residential Pesticide Applications
Development of Dermal and Respiratory Sampling
reports only summary statistics
Procedures for Human Exposure to Pesticides in Indoor
Environments
Incomplete Removal of the Pesticide Captan from Skin by
data set for captan from glass
Standard Handwash Exposure Assessment Procedures
(n=3)
Comparative Study of Five Transferable Turf Residue
reports only summary statistics
Methods
Adult and Infant Abamectin Exposure Following Avert 310
and Pressurized Gel Crack and Crevice Treatment
Human Disodium Octaborate Tetrahydrate Exposure
Following Carpet Flea Treatment is not Associated with
Significant Dermal Absorption
Evaluation of Methods for Monitoring Potential Exposure of
Small Children to Pesticides in the Residential Environment
reports only summary statistics
reports only summary statistics
transfer of pesticides in dust not
residue
Reference
Bernard, Nuygen, Truong, and
Krieger, 2001
Bissell, Troiano, Marade,
Graham, and del Valle, 1991
Black and Fenske, 1996
Byrne, Shurdut and Saunders,
1998
Cohen Hubal, Suggs, Nishioka,
and Ivanic, 2005
Fenske, Black, Elkner, Lee,
Methner, and Soto, 1990
Fenske, Curry, Wandelmaier,
and Ritter, 1991
Fenske, Schulter, Lu and Allen,
1998
Klonne, Cowell, Mueth,
Eberhart, Rosenheck, Ross et
al., 2001
Krieger, Roesenheck, and
Schuester, 1997
Krieger, Dinoff and Peterson,
1996
Lewis, Fortmann, and Camann,
1994
Table S-1 Continued. Identified transfer efficiency studies excluded in analysis.
Study Title
Reason Not Included in Analysis
Movement and Deposition of Two Organophosphorous
data set for diazinon from carpet
Pesticides within a Residence after Interior and Exterior
(n=4), data set for chlorpyrifos
Applications
from carpet had problems with
sample leakage (n=2)
Dermal Transfer of Chlorpyrifos Residues from Residential
reports only summary statistics
Surfaces: Comparison of Hand Press, Hand Drag, Use and
Polyurethane Foam Roller Measurements after Broadcast and
Aerosol Pesticide Applications
Air and Surface Chlorpyrifos Residues following Residential reports only summary statistics
Broadcast and Aerosol Pesticide Applications
Feasibility Study of the Potential for Human Exposure to
data set for diazinon from turf
Pet-Borne Diazinon Residues Following Lawn Applications
(n=4)
Volatile and Dislodgeable Residues Following Trichlorfon
reports only summary statistics
and Isazofos Application to Turfgrass and Implications for
Human Exposure
Volatile and Dislodgeable Residues Following Triadmefon
does not report deposition data,
and MCPP Application to Turfgrass and Implications for
only application rate
Human Exposure
Simulation of Track-in of Lawn-Applied Pesticides from
reports dislodgeable residues and
Turf to Home: Comparison of Dislodgeable Turf Residues
application rate for pesticides from
with Carpet Dust and Carpet Residues
turf, but does not report deposition
Pilot Study of a Cotton Glove Press Test for Assessing
transfer of pesticide in dust, not
Exposure to Pesticides in House Dust
residue
Experimental methodologies and preliminary transfer factor
transfer of dust not residue
data for estimation of dermal exposure to particles
Determination of a Standardized Sampling Technique for
reports only summary statistics
Pesticide Transferable Turf Residues
Reference
Lewis, Fortune, Blanchard, and
Camann, 2001
Lu and Fenske, 1999
Lu and Fenske, 1998
Morgan, Stout, and Wilson,
2001
Murphy, Copper, and Clark,
1996a
Murphy, Cooper, and Clark,
1996b
Nishioka, Burkholder,
Brinkman and Gordon, 1997
Roberts and Camann, 1989
Rodes, Newsome, Vanderpool,
Antley, and Lewis, 2001
Rosenheck, Cowell, Mueth,
Eberhart, Klonne, Norman et
al., 2001
Table S-1 Continued. Identified transfer efficiency studies excluded in analysis.
Study Title
Reason Not Included in Analysis
Measuring Potential Dermal Transfer of Surface Pesticide
reports only summary statistics
Residue Generated from Indoor Fogger Use: An interim
report
Estimating Dermal Transfer from PCB-Contaminated Porous data set for PCBs from concrete
Surfaces
(n=18)
The Use of Unique Study Design to Estimate Exposure of
reports dislodgeable residues and
Adults and Children to Surface and Airborne Chemicals
application rate for chlorpyrifos
from turf, but does not report
deposition
Frictional Transition of Pesticides from Protective Clothing
reports data sets (n=3) for
Metolachlor, Carbaryl and
Atrazine
Reference
Ross, Thongsinthusak, Fong,
Margetich, and Krieger, 1990
Slayton, Valerg, and Watt, 1998
Vaccaro, Nolan, Murphy, and
Berbrich, 1996
Yang and Li, 1993
Table S-2. Summary of probability distributions tested
Distribution
PDF
Normal
Quantities that are the sum of a
large number of other
quantities.
1
f (x) 
Parameters
ˆ  X (n)

(x  )2 /(2 2 )
2
2
e
n 1 2 1/ 2
S (n) 
 n

ˆ  
(ln x  ) 2
f (x) 
exp

2 2
x 2 2
1
Lognormal
Quantities involving the 
multiplication of many
quantities with small error or
variability
ˆ

1 n
1/ 2
2
ˆ    (ln X i  
ˆ ) 

n i1

for x > 0

Exponential
Time between successive,
random and independent events
f (x) 
1

ex / 
n
1
 ln X i
n i1
ˆ  X (n)

if x ≥ 0

1
  x  1ex / 
f x  
 

Gamma
Time to complete some task
  

 t
n

ln X i 
T  ln X n  

n 


i1
if x > 0
Use Table 6.20 in Law and Kelton
ˆ as function of
(2000) to obtain 
T
1 t
e dt
0


X n 
ˆ

ˆ


n
 X iˆ ln X i

i1
f x    x
Weibull
Time to complete some task

 1 (x /  )
e
for x > 0
n


ˆ
n

 Xi
1

ˆ

 ln X i
i1
n
i1
1 n
n i1
1/ˆ
ˆ    X ˆ 

i

Beta
Appropriate for variables
bounded by 0 and 1. Used to
represent judgments about
uncertainty.

Uniform

Used to generate random
numbers and when little data is
available.
 n
1/ n
G1   X i 

i1 
x 11 (1 x)21
f x 
if 0 < x < 1
n
B1 , 2 

1/ n
G2   1 X i 
1
 1
i1

B1, 2    t 1 1 1 t  2 dt
 Approximations for 
ˆ 1, 
ˆ 2 based
0
on G1, G2 are from Table 6.21 in

f x  
1
if a ≤ x ≤ b  
ba


2/6/16


Law and Kelton (2000)
 
aˆ  min X i ,
1 i n
bˆ  max X i
1in

5
References
Bernard, C. E., H. Nuygen, D. Truong and R. I. Krieger. Environmental residues and
biomonitoring estimates of human insecticide exposure from treated residential turf. Arch
Environ Contam Toxicol 2001; 41: 237-240.
Bissell, S., J. Troiano, J. Marade, E. Graham and M. Delvalle. Comparison of sampling
methods for determination of pesticide residue on leaf surfaces. Bull Environ Contam
Toxicol 1991; 46: 397-403.
Black, K. G. and R. A. Fenske. Dislodgeability of chlorpyrifos and fluorescent tracer
residues on turf: Comparison of wipe and foliar wash sampling techniques. Arch Environ
Contam Toxicol 1996; 31: 563-570.
Byrne, S. L., B. A. Bradley and D. G. Saunders. Potential Chlorpyrifos Exposure to
Residents Following Standard Crack and Crevice Treatment. Environ Health Perspect
1998; 106: 725-731.
Fenske, R. A., K. G. Black, K. P. Elkner, C. L. Lee, M. M. Methner and R. Soto.
Potential exposure and health risks of infants following indoor residential pesticide
applications. Am J Public Health 1990; 80: 689-693.
Fenske, R. A., C. Schulter, C. Lu and E. H. Allen. Incomplete removal of the pesticide
captan from skin by standard handwash exposure assessment procedures. Bull Environ
Contam Toxicol 1998; 61: 194-201.
Fenske, RA, PB Curry, F. Wandelmaier and L. Ritter. Development of Dermal and
Respiratory Sampling Procedures for Human Exposure to Pesticides in Indoor
Environments. J Expos Anal Environ Epidemiol 1991; 1: 11-30.
Hubal, E. A. C., J. C. Suggs, M. G. Nishioka and W. A. Ivancic. Characterizing residue
transfer efficiencies using a fluorescent imaging technique. J Expos Anal Environ
Epidemiol 2005; 15: 261-270.
Klonne, D., J. Cowell, M. Mueth, D. Eberhart, L. Rosenheck, J. Ross and J. Worgan.
Comparative study of five transferable turf residue methods. Bull Environ Contam
Toxicol 2001; 67: 771-779.
Krieger, R. I., C. E. Bernard, T. M. Dinoff, L. Fell, T. G. Osimitz, J. H. Ross and T.
Thongsinthusak. Biomonitoring and whole body cotton dosimetry to estimate potential
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Krieger, R. I., T. M. Dinoff and J. Peterson. Human disodium octaborate tetrahydrate
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absorption. J Expos Anal Environ Epidemiol 1996; 6: 279-288.
Lewis, R. G., R. C. Fortmann and D. E. Camann. Evaluation of methods for monitoring
the potential exposure of small children to pesticides in the residential environment. Arch
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Lewis, R. G., C. R. Fortune, F. T. Blanchard and D. E. Camann. Movement and
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2/6/16
6
exterior applications. J Air Waste Manage Assoc 2001; 51: 339-351.
Lu, C. S. and R. A. Fenske. Dermal transfer of chlorpyrifos residues from residential
surfaces: Comparison of hand press, hand drag, wipe, and polyurethane foam roller
measurements after broadcast and aerosol pesticide applications Environ Health Perspect
1999; 107: 463-467.
Lu, C. S. and R. A. Fenske. Air and surface chlorpyrifos residues following residential
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Morgan, M. K., D. M. Stout and N. K. Wilson. Feasibility study of the potential for
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Contam Toxicol 2001; 66: 295-300.
Murphy, K. C., R. J. Cooper and J. M. Clark. Volatile and dislodgeable residues
following trichlorfon and isazofos application to turfgrass and implications for human
exposure. Crop Science 1996; 36: 1446-1454.
Murphy, K. C., R. J. Cooper and J. M. Clark. Volatile and dislodgeable residues
following triadimefon and MCPP application to turfgrass and implications for human
exposure. Crop Science 1996; 36: 1455-1461.
Nishioka, M. G., H. M. Burkholder, M. C. Brinkman, S. M. Gordon and R. G. Lewis.
Simulation of Track-in of lawn-applied pesticides from turf to home: comparison of
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Roberts, J. W. and D. E. Camann. Pilot study of a cotton glove press test for assessing
exposure to pesticides in house dust. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1989; 43: 717-724.
Rodes, C. E., J. R. Newsome, R. W. Vanderpool, J. T. Antley and R. G. Lewis.
Experimental methodologies and preliminary transfer factor data for estimation of dermal
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Rosenheck, L., J. Cowell, M. Mueth, D. Eberhart, D. Klonne, C. Norman and J. Ross.
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Ross, J., T. Thongsinthusak, H. R. Fong, S. Margetich and R. Krieger. Measuring
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Yang, Y. Q. and S. Q. Li. Frictional transition of pesticides from protective clothing.
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7