CA-Sept09-Doc.3.4a
WORKING DOCUMENT: DOES NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT THE VIEWS OF THE COMMISSION
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
DIRECTORATE-GENERAL
ENVIRONMENT
Directorate B - Protecting the Natural Environment
ENV.B.3 - Biotechnology, Pesticides and Health
34th meeting of representatives of Members States Competent Authorities for the
implementation of Directive 98/8/EC concerning the placing of biocidal products on
the market
Establishment of maximum residue levels for residues of active substances
contained in biocidal products
Introduction
1) Article 10(2)ii(b) of Directive 98/8/EC of the European Parliament and of
the Council of 16 February 1998 concerning the placing of biocidal products
on the market1 lays down that, where relevant, maximum residue levels
(MRLs) should be established.
2) However, unlike other legal frameworks, such as those for both veterinary
medicinal products and plant protection products, no other specific
Community legal instrument was developed detailing the rules for the
establishment of MRLs for active substances used as biocides.
3) In addition, residues of biocidal products that could be present in food
and feed do respond to the definition of contaminants, as provided under
Council Regulation (EEC) No 315/93 of 8 February 1993 laying down
Community procedures for contaminants in food2.
4) This Regulation defines a 'contaminant' as any substance not intentionally
added to food which is present in such food as a result of the production
(including operations carried out in crop husbandry, animal husbandry and
veterinary medicine), manufacture, processing, preparation, treatment,
packing, packaging, transport or holding of such food, or as a result of
environmental contamination.
5) Regulation (EEC) No 315/93 also provides that, where necessary, in order to
protect public health, maximum tolerances for specific contaminants shall be
established, except for contaminants subject of more specific Community
rules, such as substances used in pesticides or veterinary medicinal products.
1 Directive 98/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 1998 concerning the placing of biocidal products
on the market OJ L 123 , 24/04/1998, p. 1
2 OJ L 37, 13/02/1993, p. 1
Commission européenne, B-1049 Bruxelles / Europese Commissie, B-1049 Brussel - Belgium. Telephone: (32-2) 299 11 11.
Office: BU9 6/124. Telephone: direct line (32-2) 298 69 33. Fax: (32-2) 299 85 58.
E-mail: env-biocides@ec.europa.eu
6) Against that complex legal background, it is however expected that, among
the 270 existing substances remaining to be evaluated in the framework of
the 10-year review programme under the Biocides Directive, as well as for
new active substances, very few are likely to leave residues in food or feed
under normal conditions of uses.
7) It is in addition expected that these substances will be used in products
belonging to the following categories of product-type (PT), as listed in
Annex V of the Directive:
PT3: Veterinary hygiene biocidal products
PT4: Food and feed area disinfectants
PT5: Drinking water disinfectants
PT18: Insecticides
PT19: Repellents
PT20: Preservatives for food and feedstocks3
General principles of food law
8) Regulation (EC) No 178/20024 laying down the general principles and
requirements of food law establishes that food must not be placed on the
market if it is unsafe, i.e. if it is harmful to health and/or unfit for
consumption. In determining whether any food is unsafe, account is taken of
the normal conditions of use, the information provided to the consumer, the
likely immediate or delayed effect on health, the cumulative toxic effects
and, where appropriate, the particular health sensitivities of a specific
category of consumers.
9) In accordance with Article 14 of that Regulation, if food which is unsafe
forms part of a batch, lot or consignment, the entire quantity is presumed to
be unsafe.
10) Similarly, in accordance with Article 15 of that Regulation, feed must not be
placed on the market or given to any food-producing animal if it is unsafe.
Feed is deemed to be unsafe if it has an adverse effect on human or animal
health. The entire quantity of a batch, lot or consignment is considered
unsafe if any part of it fails to satisfy the requirements.
11) At all stages of the food production chain, business operators must ensure
that food and feed satisfies the requirements of food law and that those
requirements are being adhered to. The Member States enforce the law,
ensuring that operators comply with it and laying down appropriate measures
and penalties for infringements.
12) The traceability of food, feed, food-producing animals and all substances
incorporated into foodstuffs must be established at all stages of production,
3
4
Most of these products fall within the scope of Directive 95/2/EC on food additives other than colours and sweeteners or of
Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 on additives for use in animal nutrition and are therefore excluded them from the scope of
Directive 98/8/EC
Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 January 2002 laying down the general
principles and requirements of food law, establishing the European Food Safety Authority and laying down procedures in matters
of food safety. OJ L31, 1/2/2002, p.1.
2
processing and distribution. To this end, business operators are required to
apply appropriate systems and procedures.
13) If an operator considers that a food or feed product which has been imported,
produced, processed, manufactured or distributed is harmful to human or
animal health, steps must be taken immediately to withdraw the product
from the market and to inform the competent authorities accordingly. In
cases where a product may have reached consumers, the operator must
inform them and recall the products already supplied.
Recent developments
14) For substances used in biocidal products, Article 10(2)ii(b) of Directive
98/8/EC lays down that, where relevant, maximum residue levels (MRLs)
should be established. However, unlike for veterinary medicinal products
and plant protection products, no other specific Community legal instrument
was developed detailing the rules for the establishment of MRLs for active
substances used as biocides.
15) In the general context of better regulation and simplification, the
Commission considered it unnecessary to develop a new piece of legislation,
when the matter could be adequately addressed by existing legal instruments.
Besides, if a separate legal framework had been developed for biocides, one
would have run the risk of a substance ending up with different MRLs, as it
already happened with substances used in both veterinary medicinal products
and plant protection products.
16) The Commission therefore used the opportunity of the revision of Regulation
2377/905 to propose that the scope of the new regulation on the
establishment of maximum residue limits for pharmacologically active
substances in foodstuffs of animal origin also covers pharmacologically
active substances contained in biocidal products used in animal husbandry.
17) The main rationale for applying a similar approach for residues of biocidal
products and for those of veterinary medicinal products was twofold: first,
from the control authorities point of view what matters is not so much the
origin of the residue as its level; second, from the scientific point of view,
the methodology to be followed is expected to be broadly similar.
18) This has now been accepted and Article 10 of Regulation EC No 470/2009,
which replaces Regulation 2377/90, provides a mechanism for the setting up
of MRLs for substances used in biocidal products in animal husbandry. This
will cover products such as veterinary hygiene biocidal products (PT3),
insecticides (PT18) and repellents (PT19).
19) Discussions have now started with the EMEA, which will be responsible for
issuing scientific opinions on MRLs for pharmacologically active substances
used or intended to be used in biocidal products used in animal husbandry.
The details of the process and responsibilities will be established in co-
5
Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 of 26 June 1990 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum
residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin. OJ L 224, 18.8.1990
3
operation between the Commission, the EMEA and a working group
representing the MS Competent Authorities for biocides.
20) The Commission will now take the necessary steps to clarify the process for
the establishment of MRLs for substances which may lead to the presence of
residues in other circumstances than their use in animal husbandry. This
process is expected to rely on Regulation 396/2005 and on the scientific
input of EFSA.
21) Lastly, in the context of the revision of Directive 98/8/EC, the Commission
has proposed a new wording to Article 10(2)ii(b), stating that where
appropriate, maximum residue limits shall be established, with respect to
active substances included in Annex I, in accordance with Regulation
396/2005 or Regulation 470/2009.
Maximum residue limits (MRLs)
22) Pursuant to Article 3(c) of Regulation 396/2005, the maximum limits set by
that Regulation apply to residues of active substances which may arise as a
result of use as a biocide, provided that the active substance is currently or
formerly used in plant protection products.
23) Pursuant to Article(1)(1)(a) of Regulation 470/2009, the maximum limits
established pursuant to that Regulation apply to pharmacologically active
substance, regardless of the use from which the residue results.
24) If specific MRLs have been established under Regulations 396/20056 or
470/2009, then these are already today applicable to residues of substances
used in biocidal products.
25) If no specific MRLs have been established, then the default value of 0,01
mg/kg set out in Regulation 396/2005 is applicable for residues of
substances, which are also currently or were used in plant protection
products7.
26) The MRLs set under Regulation 396/2005 apply to a wide range of
commodities (see Annex II) as well as to processed products (e.g. oil, wine,
juices, etc) or composite products (e.g. pizzas, ketchup, corn flakes, etc).
27) The residues of 83 of the 145 substances included in the review programme
for PT 3, 4, 5, 18, 19 and 20 are thus already covered by specific or default
MRLs, since they either have MRLs established under Regulation 396/2005,
are currently or formerly used in plant protection products, or have MRLs
laid down in one of the annexes to Regulation 2377/90, which are still
6
MRLs set for crops and pesticides can be found in the MRL database on the Commission website at
http://ec.europa.eu/sanco_pesticides/public/index.cfm
7 In accordance with Article 18(1)(b) of Regulation 396/2005, the products covered by Annex I shall not contain, from the time they
are placed on the market as food or feed, or fed to animals, any pesticide residue exceeding: (a) the MRLs for those products set
out in Annexes II and III; (b) 0,01 mg/kg for those products for which no specific MRL is set out in Annexes II or III, or for active
substances not listed in Annex IV unless different default values are fixed for an active substance in accordance with the procedure
referred to in Article 45(2) while taking into account the routine analytical methods available. Such default values shall be listed in
Annex V.
4
applicable pursuant to Article 29 of Regulation 470/2009 (see Annex I to this
note for details).
28) However, among the 62 remaining substances, not all of them will be used in
a context, where they might lead to the presence of residues.
29) If they lead to the presence of residues and if it is necessary to establish
MRLs, this would be done, depending on the area of use, via Regulation
396/2005 or Regulation 470/2009. For Regulation 396/2005, it would
however require an amendment of the current text to enlarge its scope to
residues of substances used in biocidal products only.
30) Also, for MRLs of active substances currently or formerly used for plant
protection, the applicant/authorisation holder could where necessary apply
for the establishment of MRLs, less penalising than the default value of 0,01
mg/kg. This would however also require the same amendment of Regulation
396/2005 as indicated above.
31) Lastly, if residues are found in food or feed and that no MRLs, either specific
or default, have been established, then Articles 14 and 15 of the General
Food Law would apply and the food or the feed could be declared unsafe
after an ad hoc risk assessment.
32) In specific cases, the Commission services could also rely on the provisions
of Regulation (EEC) No 315/93 on contaminants and set up specific limits
for the residues of certain substances.
33) Commission Regulation (EC) 1881/20068 already sets limits for:





mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, patulin, deoxynivalenol,
zearalenone, fumonisins, T2 and HT-2-toxin)
metals (cadmium, lead, mercury and inorganic tin)
dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs
3-MCPD
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (benz(o)pyrene).
Authorisation of biocidal products
34) For products containing active substances that may lead to residues in food
or feed, Member States shall ensure that products are only authorised if these
residues have no unacceptable effects on human health, in accordance with
Article 5(1)(b)(iii) of Directive 98/8/EC.
35) Competent Authorities for Biocidal Products, when granting authorisations
for products that may leave residues into food or feed would however not be
expected to set MRLs but should ensure that the directions for use of the
product contain inter alia appropriate directions to prevent animals or plants
8
Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in
foodstuffs . OJ L 364, 20.12.2006, p. 5–24
5
from being unnecessarily exposed to the active substance or to relevant
degradation products (e.g. 'Do not use in the presence of the animals',
'Animals shall not re-enter the room before 24 hours after the end of the
application of the product') or to remove food before treatment (e.g. 'Do not
use in the presence of food commodities'). Other measures might be added to
ensure that the level of residues tolerated in food shall not be exceeded.
36) These measures will be derived from the risk assessment and will take into
account the conditions of use of the product.
37) Applicants will therefore need to submit residues data to allow competent
authorities to perform this risk assessment. However, as it can realistically
not be expected that residue data will be available for each and every food
commodity, the absence of an exhaustive data set could be compensated by
taking a conservative approach in the risk assessment.
38) Finally, Annex I inclusions for substances that may lead to the presence of
residues in food will contain a specific provision stating that:
39) For products containing substance X that may lead to residues in food,
Member States shall ensure that labels and/or safety data sheets must
contain instructions for use, such as the adherence to waiting periods, which
ensure that MRLs set out in Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European
Parliament and of the Council(*) or, as appropriate, established in
accordance with Regulation (EC) No 470/2009 of the European Parliament
and of the Council (**) are not exceeded.
Enforcement and controls
40) Food business operators are responsible for food safety, which includes
compliance with MRLs. Member State authorities are responsible for control
and enforcement of the MRLs. To ensure that this is done in an adequate and
uniform way, the Commission relies on several instruments:
41) In the veterinary sector, Council Directive 96/23/EC9 on measures to monitor
certain substances and residues thereof in live animals and animal products
establishes that Member States should draft a national residue monitoring
plan for the groups of substances detailed in Annex I. These plans must
comply with the sampling rules in Annex IV to the Directive.
42) Directive 96/23/EC establishes the frequencies and level of sampling and the
groups of substances to be controlled for each food commodity. Commission
Decision 97/747/EC10 provides further rules for certain animal products:
milk, eggs, honey, rabbits and game meat. Commission Decision
98/179/EC11 of 23 February 1998 lays down detailed rules for official
sampling procedures and official treatment of samples until they reach the
laboratory responsible for analysis.
9
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31996L0023:EN:NOT
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31997D0747:EN:NOT
11 http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31998D0179:EN:NOT
6
10
43) In the plant protection sector, the co-ordinated EU multi-annual control
programme12 established by Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 sets out for each
Member State the main pesticide-crop combinations to monitor and the
minimum numbers of samples to take. Member States have to report the
results, which are published in an annual report.
44) Community Reference Laboratories13 co-ordinate, train staff, develop
methods of analysis and organise tests to evaluate the skills of the different
national control laboratories.
45) The Food and Veterinary Office14 of the Commission carries out inspections
in the Member States to assess and audit their control activities.
46) If residues of pesticides or of veterinary medicinal products are found at a
level of concern for consumers, the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed15
(RASFF) circulates the information and measures are taken to protect the
consumer
47) In any event, control authorities when monitoring the presence of residues
would refer themselves to Regulations 396/2005 and 470/2009.
12
http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/protection/pesticides/multi-annual_control_programmes_en.htm
http://www.crl-pesticides.eu/
14 http://ec.europa.eu/food/fvo/index_en.htm
15 http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/rapidalert/index_en.htm
7
13
Annex I
Substances included in the review programme for PT 3, 4, 5, 19 or 20
common name
3
2-Butanone, peroxide
x
2-chloroacetamide
x
2-Phenoxyethanol
x
4
PPP
5 18 19 20
MRL
VMP
MRL
Current
or
Former
PPP
Annex I
x
x
Abamectin
x
x
Acetamiprid
x
x
x
Active Chlorine: manufactured by the reaction of hypochlorous
acid and sodium hypochlorite produced in situ
x
x
ADBAC
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
ADBAS
x
Akacid
x
x
x
x
Akacid forte
x
x
x
x
alpha-Cypermethrin
x
Aluminium Phosphide
x
Ampholyt 20
x
x
Bacillus sphaericus strain 2362
x
x
Bardap 26
x
Annex I
x
x
x
x
Azamethiphos
Bacillus subtilis
x
x
Annex I,
II, III
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Bendiocarb
x
Benzoic acid
x
x
Biphenyl-2-ol
x
x
BKC
x
x
Bromoacetic acid
x
x
Annex II
(E210)
x
Annex II
x
x
BTI strain AM65-52
x
x
x
BTI strain SA3A
x
x
x
Calcium dihydroxide / calcium hydroxide / caustic lime /
hydrated lime / slaked lime
x
Calcium hypochlorite
x
Calcium magnesium oxide / dolomitic lime
x
x
Annex II
x
8
x
x
common name
3
Calcium magnesium tetrahydroxide / calcium magnesium
hydroxide / hydrated dolomitic lime
x
Calcium oxide / lime / burnt lime / quicklime
x
4
Carbon dioxide
x
CHDG
VMP
MRL
Current
or
Former
PPP
x
Annex II
x
x
Annex II
(E290)
x
PPP
5 18 19 20
MRL
x
x
Chlorfenapyr
x
Chlorine
x
x
x
Chlorine dioxide
x
Chlorocresol
x
Chlorophene
x
x
x
Annex II
Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium, ext.
x
Annex II
Cis-tricos-9-ene
x
Citriodiol
x
Clothianidin
x
Copper
x
Copper sulphate
x
Cyanamide
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 3-[(xZ)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluorox-propenyl]-2,2-dimethyl-, (2-methyl[x,x’-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl
ester, (xR,3R)-rel- / Bifenthrin / Biphenate
x
Cyfluthrin
x
x
Annex I
x
Cypermethrin
x
x
Annex I
x
Cyphenothrin
x
Cyromazine
x
x
Annex I
x
d-Allethrin
x
x
DBNPA
x
DCPP
x
DDAC
2
Decanoic acid
x
2
x
x
x
DEET
x
x
Deltamethrin
x
Diamine
x
9
x
x
x
x
x
x
Annex I
x
common name
3
4
PPP
5 18 19 20
MRL
Dichlorvos
x
x
Diflubenzuron
x
x
Disodium peroxodisulphate / Sodium persulphate
VMP
MRL
Current
or
Former
PPP
x
Annex I
x
x
d-Phenothrin
x
d-Tetramethrin
x
Empenthrin
x
Esbiothrin
x
Esfenvalerate
x
Ethanol
x
x
x
x
x
x
Annex II
x
Etofenprox
x
x
x
Fipronil
x
x
x
Flufenoxuron
x
x
x
Formaldehyde
x
x
Formic acid
x
x
x
x
Geraniol
x
Glucoprotamin
x
Annex II
x
x
Annex II
x
x
x
Glutaraldehyde
x
x
Glycollic acid
x
x
Glyoxal
x
x
x
Annex II
x
Hexaflumuron
x
Hydrogen cyanide
x
Hydrogen peroxide
x
x
x
x
x
x
Icaridine
x
Annex II
x
x
Imazalil
x
Imidacloprid
x
Imiprothrin
x
Iodine
x
x
x
x
x
Annex II
IR3535
x
L-(+)-lactic acid
x
Lambda cyhalothrin
x
x
x
x
Lauric acid
x
Lavender, Lavandula hybrida, ext. / Lavandin oil
x
10
Annex II
x
x
x
common name
3
4
PPP
5 18 19 20
MRL
Magnesium Phosphide
x
Margosa extract
x
x
x
Current
or
Former
PPP
x
x
Methylneodecanamide / MNDA22
x
Methynonylketone
x
Mixture of CMIT/MIT
VMP
MRL
x
x
Naled
x
x
x
Nitrogen
x
x
x
Nonanoic acid
x
Octanoic acid
x
x
PAP
x
x
Pentapotassium bis(peroxymonosulphate) bis(sulphate)
x
x
x
Peracetic acid
x
x
x
Perestane
x
x
Annex I
x
x
x
Annex I
x
x
x
Annex II
x
x
Permethrin
Peroxyoctanoic acid
x
x
PHMB
x
x
x
Piperonyl butoxide / PBO
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide)
x
Polymer of formaldehyde and acrolein
x
x
Prallethrin
x
Propan-1-ol
x
Propan-2-ol
x
PVP-iodine (see iodine)
x
Annex II
Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids
x
Pyriproxyfen
x
Quaternary ammonium compounds, benzyl-Cx2-x4alkyldimethyl, chlorides (see ADBAC)
x
Quaternary ammonium compounds, benzyl-Cx2-x8alkyldimethyl, chlorides (see ADBAC)
x
Quaternary ammonium compounds, Cx2-x4alkyl[(ethylphenyl)methyl]dimethyl, chlorides (see ADBAC)
x
Quaternary ammonium compounds, di-C8-x0-alkyldimethyl,
chlorides (see DDAC)
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
11
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
common name
Salicylic acid
3
4
x
x
PPP
5 18 19 20
MRL
x
x
Silver
Silver chloride
x
x
x
x
x
x
Silver zeolite A
x
x
x
Annex II
(E552)
x
S-Methoprene
Sodium 2-biphenylate
Annex II
(E551)
x
Silver sodium hydrogen zirconium phosphate
Current
or
Former
PPP
x
Silicium dioxide / Kieselguhr
Silicon dioxide – amorphous
VMP
MRL
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Sodium Cacodylate
Sodium dichloroisocyanurate dihydrate
x
x
x
Sodium hypochlorite
x
x
x
Sodium p-chloro-m-cresolate
x
Sodium pyrithione
x
Annex II
x
x
Spinosad
x
x
x
Sulfuryl fluoride
x
x
x
Sulphur dioxide
Symclosene
x
TCDO
Technical grade imazalil
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Tetramethrin
x
x
x
Thiamethoxam
x
x
x
x
x
Tosylchloramide sodium - Chloramin T
x
x
x
Transfluthrin
x
Triclosan
x
Triflumuron
x
Troclosene sodium
x
ZE-TDA
x
x
x
12
Annex II
List of commodities for which MRLs are established under Regulation 396/2005
x
2
0x00000
0xx0000
x. FRUIT FRESH OR FROZEN; NUTS
(i) Citrus fruit
4
0xx00x0
Grapefruit (Shaddocks, pomelos, sweeties, tangelo, ugli and other hybrids)
4
4
4
0xx0020
0xx0030
0xx0040
Oranges (Bergamot, bitter orange, chinotto and other hybrids)
Lemons (Citron, lemon )
Limes
4
4
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
2
4
4
4
4
4
2
3
4
4
3
3
4
0xx0050
0xx0990
0x20000
0x200x0
0x20020
0x20030
0x20040
0x20050
0x20060
0x20070
0x20080
0x20090
0x20x00
0x20xx0
0x20990
0x30000
0x300x0
0x30020
0x30030
0x30040
0x30050
0x30990
0x40000
0x400x0
0x40020
0x40030
0x40040
0x40990
0x50000
0x5x000
0x5x0x0
0x5x020
0x52000
0x53000
0x530x0
Mandarins (Clementine, tangerine and other hybrids)
Others
(ii) Tree nuts (shelled or unshelled)
Almonds
Brazil nuts
Cashew nuts
Chestnuts
Coconuts
Hazelnuts (Filbert)
Macadamia
Pecans
Pine nuts
Pistachios
Walnuts
Others
(iii) Pome fruit
Apples (Crab apple)
Pears (Oriental pear)
Quinces
Medlar
Loquat
Others
(iv) Stone fruit
Apricots
Cherries (sweet cherries, sour cherries)
Peaches (Nectarines and similar hybrids)
Plums (Damson, greengage, mirabelle)
Others
(v) Berries & small fruit
(a) Table and wine grapes
Table grapes
Wine grapes
(b) Strawberries
(c) Cane fruit
Blackberries
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
0x53020
0x53030
0x53990
0x54000
0x540x0
0x54020
0x54030
Dewberries (Loganberries, Boysenberries, and cloudberries)
Raspberries (Wineberries )
Others
(d) Other small fruit & berries
Blueberries (Bilberries cowberries (red bilberries))
Cranberries
Currants (red, black and white)
13
4
4
4
4
0x54040
0x54050
0x54060
0x54070
Gooseberries (Including hybrids with other ribes species)
Rose hips
Mulberries (arbutus berry)
Azarole (mediteranean medlar)
4
4
2
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
0x54080
0x54990
0x60000
0x6x000
0x6x0x0
0x6x020
0x6x030
0x6x040
0x6x050
0x6x060
Elderberries (Black chokeberry (appleberry), mountain ash, azarole, buckthorn
(sea sallowthorn), hawthorn, service berries, and other treeberries)
Others
(vi) Miscellaneous fruit
(a) Edible peel
Dates
Figs
Table olives
Kumquats (Marumi kumquats, nagami kumquats)
Carambola (Bilimbi)
Persimmon
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
0x6x070
0x6x990
0x62000
0x620x0
0x62020
0x62030
0x62040
0x62050
Jambolan (java plum) (Java apple (water apple), pomerac, rose apple, Brazilean
cherry (grumichama), Surinam cherry)
Others
(b) Inedible peel, small
Kiwi
Lychee (Litchi) (Pulasan, rambutan (hairy litchi))
Passion fruit
Prickly pear (cactus fruit)
Star apple
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
0x62060
0x62990
0x63000
0x630x0
0x63020
0x63030
0x63040
0x63050
American persimmon (Virginia kaki) (Black sapote, white sapote, green sapote,
canistel (yellow sapote), and mammey sapote)
Others
(c) Inedible peel, large
Avocados
Bananas (Dwarf banana, plantain, apple banana)
Mangoes
Papaya
Pomegranate
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
x
2
3
3
0x63060
0x63070
0x63080
0x63090
0x63x00
0x63xx0
0x63990
0200000
02x0000
02xx000
02x2000
Cherimoya (Custard apple, sugar apple (sweetsop) , llama and other medium
sized Annonaceae)
Guava
Pineapples
Bread fruit (Jackfruit)
Durian
Soursop (guanabana)
Others
2. VEGETABLES FRESH OR FROZEN
(i) Root and tuber vegetables
(a) Potatoes
(b) Tropical root and tuber vegetables
4
4
02x20x0
02x2020
Cassava (Dasheen, eddoe (Japanese taro), tannia)
Sweet potatoes
4
02x2030
Yams (Potato bean (yam bean), Mexican yam bean)
14
4
4
02x2040
02x2990
Arrowroot
Others
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
02x3000
02x30x0
02x3020
02x3030
02x3040
02x3050
02x3060
02x3070
(c) Other root and tuber vegetables except sugar beet
Beetroot
Carrots
Celeriac
Horseradish
Jerusalem artichokes
Parsnips
Parsley root
4
02x3080
Radishes (Black radish, Japanese radish, small radish and similar varieties)
4
4
4
4
2
4
4
4
4
4
2
3
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
3
3
2
3
02x3090
02x3x00
02x3xx0
02x3990
0220000
02200x0
0220020
0220030
0220040
0220990
0230000
023x000
023x0x0
023x020
023x030
023x040
023x990
0232000
02320x0
0232020
0232030
0232990
0233000
02330x0
0233020
0233030
0233990
0234000
0239000
0240000
024x000
Salsify (Scorzonera, Spanish salsify (Spanish oysterplant))
Swedes
Turnips
Others
(ii) Bulb vegetables
Garlic
Onions (Silverskin onions)
Shallots
Spring onions (Welsh onion and similar varieties)
Others
(iii) Fruiting vegetables
(a) Solanacea
Tomatoes (Cherry tomatoes, )
Peppers (Chilli peppers)
Aubergines (egg plants) (Pepino)
Okra, lady s fingers
Others
(b) Cucurbits - edible peel
Cucumbers
Gherkins
Courgettes (Summer squash, marrow (patisson))
Others
(c) Cucurbits-inedible peel
Melons (Kiwano )
Pumpkins (Winter squash)
Watermelons
Others
(d) Sweet corn
(e) Other fruiting vegetables
(iv) Brassica vegetables
(a) Flowering brassica
4
4
4
3
4
024x0x0
024x020
024x990
0242000
02420x0
4
4
3
0242020
0242990
0243000
Broccoli (Calabrese, Chinese broccoli, Broccoli raab)
Cauliflower
Others
(b) Head brassica
Brussels sprouts
Head cabbage (Pointed head cabbage, red cabbage, savoy cabbage, white
cabbage)
Others
(c) Leafy brassica
15
Chinese cabbage (Indian (Chinese) mustard, pak choi, Chinese flat cabbage (tai
goo choi), peking cabbage (pe-tsai), cow cabbage)
Kale (Borecole (curly kale), collards)
Others
(d) Kohlrabi
(v) Leaf vegetables & fresh herbs
4
4
4
3
2
02430x0
0243020
0243990
0244000
0250000
3
4
025x000
025x0x0
4
025x020
(a) Lettuce and other salad plants including Brassicacea
Lamb´s lettuce (Italian cornsalad)
Lettuce (Head lettuce, lollo rosso (cutting lettuce), iceberg lettuce, romaine (cos)
lettuce)
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
025x030
025x040
025x050
025x060
025x070
025x080
025x990
0252000
Scarole (broad-leaf endive) (Wild chicory, red-leaved chicory, radicchio, curld
leave endive, sugar loaf)
Cress
Land cress
Rocket, Rucola (Wild rocket)
Red mustard
Leaves and sprouts of Brassica spp (Mizuna)
Others
(b) Spinach & similar (leaves)
4
02520x0
Spinach (New Zealand spinach, turnip greens (turnip tops))
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
4
4
0252020
0252030
0252990
0253000
0254000
0255000
0256000
02560x0
0256020
Purslane (Winter purslane (miner s lettuce), garden purslane, common purslane,
sorrel, glassworth)
Beet leaves (chard) (Leaves of beetroot)
Others
(c) Vine leaves (grape leaves)
(d) Water cress
(e) Witloof
(f) Herbs
Chervil
Chives
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
2
0256030
0256040
0256050
0256060
0256070
0256080
0256090
0256x00
0256990
0260000
Celery leaves (fennel leaves , Coriander leaves, dill leaves, Caraway leaves,
lovage, angelica, sweet cisely and other Apiacea)
Parsley
Sage (Winter savory, summer savory, )
Rosemary
Thyme ( marjoram, oregano)
Basil (Balm leaves, mint, peppermint)
Bay leaves (laurel)
Tarragon (Hyssop)
Others
(vi) Legume vegetables (fresh)
4
02600x0
Beans (with pods) (Green bean (french beans, snap beans), scarlet runner bean,
slicing bean, yardlong beans)
4
4
0260020
0260030
Beans (without pods) (Broad beans, Flageolets, jack bean, lima bean, cowpea)
Peas (with pods) (Mangetout (sugar peas))
4
4
0260040
0260050
Peas (without pods) (Garden pea, green pea, chickpea)
Lentils
16
4
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
2
0260990
0270000
02700x0
0270020
0270030
0270040
0270050
0270060
0270070
0270080
0270090
0270990
0280000
Others
(vii) Stem vegetables (fresh)
Asparagus
Cardoons
Celery
Fennel
Globe artichokes
Leek
Rhubarb
Bamboo shoots
Palm hearts
Others
(viii) Fungi
4
4
4
2
x
02800x0
0280020
0280990
0290000
0300000
4
4
4
4
4
x
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
2
4
4
4
4
4
x
4
4
4
4
4
4
03000x0
0300020
0300030
0300040
0300990
0400000
040x000
040x0x0
040x020
040x030
040x040
040x050
040x060
040x070
040x080
040x090
040xx00
040xxx0
040xx20
040xx30
040xx40
040xx50
040x990
0402000
04020x0
0402020
0402030
0402040
0402990
0500000
05000x0
0500020
0500030
0500040
0500050
0500060
Cultivated (Common mushroom, Oyster mushroom, Shi-take)
Wild (Chanterelle, Truffle, Morel ,)
Others
(ix) Sea weeds
3. PULSES, DRY
Beans (Broad beans, navy beans, flageolets, jack beans, lima beans, field beans,
cowpeas)
Lentils
Peas (Chickpeas, field peas, chickling vetch)
Lupins
Others
4. OILSEEDS AND OILFRUITS
(i) Oilseeds
Linseed
Peanuts
Poppy seed
Sesame seed
Sunflower seed
Rape seed (Bird rapeseed, turnip rape)
Soya bean
Mustard seed
Cotton seed
Pumpkin seeds
Safflower
Borage
Gold of pleasure
Hempseed
Castor bean
Others
(ii) Oilfruits
Olives for oil production
Palm nuts (palmoil kernels)
Palmfruit
Kapok
Others
5. CEREALS
Barley
Buckwheat
Maize
Millet (Foxtail millet, teff)
Oats
Rice
17
4
4
4
4
0500070
0500080
0500090
0500990
Rye
Sorghum
Wheat (Spelt Triticale)
Others
x
0600000
6. TEA, COFFEE, HERBAL INFUSIONS AND COCOA
2
2
2
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
3
2
2
06x0000
0620000
0630000
063x000
063x0x0
063x020
063x030
063x040
063x050
063x990
0632000
06320x0
0632020
0632030
0632990
0633000
06330x0
0633020
0633990
0639000
0640000
0650000
(i) Tea (dried leaves and stalks, fermented or otherwise of Camellia sinensis)
(ii) Coffee beans
(iii) Herbal infusions (dried)
(a) Flowers
Camomille flowers
Hybiscus flowers
Rose petals
Jasmine flowers
Lime (linden)
Others
(b) Leaves
Strawberry leaves
Rooibos leaves
Maté
Others
(c) Roots
Valerian root
Ginseng root
Others
(d) Other herbal infusions
(iv) Cocoa (fermented beans)
(v) Carob (st johns bread)
x
x
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
2
4
4
4
4
4
0700000
0800000
08x0000
08x00x0
08x0020
08x0030
08x0040
08x0050
08x0060
08x0070
08x0080
08x0090
08x0990
0820000
08200x0
0820020
0820030
0820040
0820050
7. HOPS (dried) , including hop pellets and unconcentrated powder
8. SPICES
(i) Seeds
Anise
Black caraway
Celery seed (Lovage seed)
Coriander seed
Cumin seed
Dill seed
Fennel seed
Fenugreek
Nutmeg
Others
(ii) Fruits and berries
Allspice
Anise pepper (Japan pepper)
Caraway
Cardamom
Juniper berries
4
4
4
4
2
4
0820060
0820070
0820080
0820990
0830000
08300x0
Pepper, black and white (Long pepper, pink pepper)
Vanilla pods
Tamarind
Others
(iii) Bark
Cinnamon (Cassia )
18
4
2
4
4
4
4
4
2
4
4
4
2
4
4
2
4
4
x
4
4
4
4
0830990
0840000
08400x0
0840020
0840030
0840040
0840990
0850000
08500x0
0850020
0850990
0860000
08600x0
0860990
0870000
08700x0
0870990
0900000
09000x0
0900020
0900030
0900990
Others
(iv) Roots or rhizome
Liquorice
Ginger
Turmeric (Curcuma)
Horseradish
Others
(v) Buds
Cloves
Capers
Others
(vi) Flower stigma
Saffron
Others
(vii) Aril
Mace
Others
9. SUGAR PLANTS
Sugar beet (root)
Sugar cane
Chicory roots
Others
x
x000000
x0. PRODUCTS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN-TERRESTRIAL ANIMALS
x0x0000
x0xx000
x0xx0x0
x0xx020
x0xx030
x0xx040
x0xx050
x0xx990
x0x2000
x0x20x0
x0x2020
x0x2030
x0x2040
x0x2050
x0x2990
x0x3000
x0x30x0
x0x3020
x0x3030
x0x3040
x0x3050
x0x3990
x0x4000
x0x40x0
x0x4020
x0x4030
x0x4040
x0x4050
(i) Meat, preparations of meat, offals, blood, animal fats fresh chilled or frozen,
salted, in brine, dried or smoked or processed as flours or meals other processed
products such as sausages and food preparations based on these
(a) Swine
Meat
Fat free of lean meat
Liver
Kidney
Edible offal
Others
(b) Bovine
Meat
Fat
Liver
Kidney
Edible offal
Others
(c) Sheep
Meat
Fat
Liver
Kidney
Edible offal
Others
(d) Goat
Meat
Fat
Liver
Kidney
Edible offal
2
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
19
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
x0x4990
x0x5000
x0x50x0
x0x5020
x0x5030
x0x5040
x0x5050
x0x5990
Others
(e) Horses, asses, mules or hinnies
Meat
Fat
Liver
Kidney
Edible offal
Others
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
x0x6000
x0x60x0
x0x6020
x0x6030
x0x6040
x0x6050
x0x6990
x0x7000
x0x70x0
x0x7020
x0x7030
x0x7040
x0x7050
x0x7990
(f) Poultry -chicken, geese, duck, turkey and Guinea fowl-, ostrich, pigeon
Meat
Fat
Liver
Kidney
Edible offal
Others
(g) Other farm animals (Rabbit, Kangaroo)
Meat
Fat
Liver
Kidney
Edible offal
Others
2
4
4
4
4
4
x020000
x0200x0
x020020
x020030
x020040
x020990
(ii) Milk and cream, not concentrated, nor containing added sugar or sweetening
matter, butter and other fats derived from milk, cheese and curd
Cattle
Sheep
Goat
Horse
Others
2
4
4
4
4
4
2
x030000
x0300x0
x030020
x030030
x030040
x030990
x040000
(iii) Birds eggs, fresh preserved or cooked Shelled eggs and egg yolks fresh,
dried, cooked by steaming or boiling in water, moulded, frozen or otherwise
preserved whether or not containing added sugar or sweetening matter
Chicken
Duck
Goose
Quail
Others
(iv) Honey (Royal jelly, pollen)
2
2
2
x050000
x060000
x070000
(v) Amphibians and reptiles (Frog legs, crocodiles)
(vi) Snails
(vii) Other terrestrial animal products
20