MAIN FINDINGS
The important findings of the survey conducted at AlwayeErnakulam centre are given below:
1.
The survey covered workers engaged in only one sector of
employment viz. Registered Factories.
SCOPE OF SURVEY
2.
The total number of working class families covered during the
survey was 216.
ECONOMIC BACKGROUND OF THE CENTRE
3.
The estimated total number of working class families as defined
for the purpose of the survey was about 38.31 thousand.
4.
The estimated total number of employees in these families was
about 57.10 thousand.
5.
The average monthly income per employee from paid
employment worked out to Rs. 4251.67 at current prices as
compared to Rs. 701.14 in 1981-82 survey. At constant prices of
1982, it was however, Rs. 979.65.
6.
‘Manufacture of non-metalic mineral products n.e.c.’ industry
dominated in terms of employment.
7.
As much as 75.79 per cent of the total employees were
employed on a regular basis, 22.87 per cent were on casual
basis and the remaining 1.34 per cent on contractual basis.
FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS
8.
The average size of a working class family worked out to be 4.20
persons of which, 1.13 were earners, 0.65 earning dependants
and 2.42 non-earning dependants. The average family consisted
of 1.62 men, 1.73 women and 0.85 children.
9.
The modal family size was with four and five members.
10. The estimated total number of family members was 1.61 lakhs,
out of which, 47.94 per cent were males. Of the total family
members, 47.70 per cent were married, 6.74 per cent were
widowed and separated and the remaining 45.56 per cent were
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unmarried which included 20.36 per cent family members in the
age group of below 15 years.
11. The dependency ratio was 374/1000.
12. Around 5 percent of the family members (5 years of age and
above) were illiterate and slightly more than 5 per cent were
graduate and above.
13. Around 38 per cent of the family members (5 years of age and
above) were employees and about 46 per cent were not in
labour force.
14. Of all the families, 90.15 per cent of the families had one earner,
7.52 per cent had two earners while the remaining 2.33 per cent
had three or more earners.
FAMILY INCOME AND RECEIPTS
15. The average monthly income per family and per capita worked
out to Rs. 7887.36 and Rs. 1879.05 respectively at current
prices as compared to Rs. 1154.46 and Rs. 222.47 respectively
in 1981-82. At constant prices of 1982, however, the average
monthly income per family and per capita worked out to Rs.
1817.36 and Rs. 432.96 respectively.
16. As much as 80.33 per cent of the total average monthly income
came from paid employment.
17. Within the paid employment, basic wages and allowances
contributed about 81 per cent of the total income.
FAMILY EXPENDITURE AND DISBURSEMENTS
18. The average expenditure per family worked out to Rs. 6871.50
at current prices out of which, Rs. 6110.02 was on consumption
expenditure and Rs. 761.48 was on non-consumption
expenditure. The average expenditure per family was Rs.
1445.41 and Rs. 158.35 respectively in 1981-82 and 1958-59.
At constant prices of 1960, however, the average expenditure
per family worked out to Rs. 305.13 and Rs. 316.98 respectively
in 1999-2000 and 1981-82.
19. Within consumption expenditure, the share of food items was
38.05 per cent.
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20. Around 88 per cent of the families had spent less than 45
percent of their total expenditure on food.
21. There was a significant decline in the percentage of families
reporting expenditure on pan, supari, tobacco & tobacco
products, alcoholic beverages & intoxicants, household services
and recreation & amusement as compared to 1981-82 survey.
22. The percentage of families reporting expenditure on prepared
meals & refreshments, non-alcoholic beverages, furniture &
furnishings, medical care, personal care and transport &
communication during 1999-2000 increased as compared to
1981-82 survey with the maximum jump on non-alcoholic
beverages.
FOOD CONSUMPTION
23. The average monthly quantity of Cereals and Cereal Products
consumed per family worked out to 41.32 Kgs, of which major
share was accounted for by Rice (34.58 Kgs) and Wheat Atta
(2.44 Kgs). The per capita per month consumption of Cereals
and Cereal Products was 9.84 Kgs.
24. The average monthly consumption of milk per family has
increased to 13.87 litres from 12.35 litres in 1981-82 survey.
BUDGETARY POSITION
25. About 72 per cent of families recorded an average surplus
income with overall surplus income of Rs. 1015.86 over per
family expenditure.
INDEBTEDNESS
26. The average amount of outstanding debt per indebted family
worked out to Rs. 31261.31 against the original loan of Rs.
46519.38.
27. The incidence of indebtedness worked out to 79.03 per cent
during 1999-2000 as compared to 87.50 per cent in 1981-82
survey.
28. Employer was the most preferred source of loans followed by
Co-operative credit societies.
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29. The proportion of families availing loans from Money Lenders
declined to 16.12 per cent from 25.31 per cent in 1981-82
survey.
HOUSING
30. About 77 per cent of the families were residing in Independent
Houses and around 13 per cent were using flats as their
residence.
31. Of all the families, 90.48 per cent had made their own
arrangements for accommodation and the remaining 9.52 per
cent were provided dwellings by the employers.
32. About 30 per cent families had access to drinking water within
their dwellings. The main source for drinking was tap.
33. The percentage of families enjoying basic amenities like kitchen,
bathroom, latrine and electricity was 86.90 per cent, 70.24 per
cent, 96.43 per cent and 96.43 per cent respectively.
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