Working Paper No. HDH-DG-03-04e
(3rd HDH Drafting Group meeting, 22/23 October 2013)
Serial HEV Model Specifications
Working Paper No. HDH-DG-03-04e
(3rd HDH Drafting Group meeting, 22/23 October 2013)
Table of Contents
1. Serial HEV Model ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3
1.1 Requirements of the Serial HEV Model ---------------------------------------------------------- 3
2. Engine Generator Model ----------------------------------------------------------------- 3
2.1 Requirements of the Engine Generator Model ------------------------------------------------- 3
2.2 Sub-systems in the Engine Generator Model --------------------------------------------------- 4
2.2.1 Requirements of the Engine Model ----------------------------------------------------------- 4
2.2.2 Requirements of the Engine Generator Gear Model------------------------------------- 4
2.2.3 Requirements of the Generator Model ------------------------------------------------------- 5
3. Rechargeable Energy Storage System --------------------------------------------------- 5
4. Motor Driving Model --------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
4.1 Requirements of the Motor Driving Model ------------------------------------------------------ 5
4.2 Sub-systems in the Motor Driving Model -------------------------------------------------------- 6
4.2.1 Requirements of the Motor Model ------------------------------------------------------------ 6
4.2.2 Running Work Model ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
4.2.2.1 Requirements of the Running Work Model ------------------------------------------- 7
4.2.2.2 Sub-systems in the Running Work Model --------------------------------------------- 7
4.2.2.2.1 Requirements of the Hill Climbing Resistance Model ------------------------ 7
4.2.2.2.2 Requirements of the Road_Load Model ------------------------------------------- 8
4.2.2.2.3 Requirements of the Driving Model------------------------------------------------ 8
Working Paper No. HDH-DG-03-04e
(3rd HDH Drafting Group meeting, 22/23 October 2013)
1. Serial HEV Model
1.1 Requirements of the Serial HEV Model
The serial HEV model consists of the engine generator model, rechargeable energy
storage system (ReESS), and motor driving model. In this model, the engine torque and
other related parameters are calculated from engine control signals such as the engine
torque command, and using the values thus obtained, the generator output current is
calculated. In addition, the ReESS voltage is determined from the calculated generator
current and motor current. The motor current is obtained when rotational frequencies of
shafts such as vehicle speed are calculated using the generator current and motor torque
command.
The serial HEV model consists of three sub-systems: the “engine generator model”, in
which the generator current is calculated; the “ReESS model”, in which the ReESS
voltage is obtained; and the “motor driving model”, in which the rotational frequencies of
shafts such as vehicle speed are determined. Section 2 describes the engine generator
model, Section 3 the ReESS model, and Section 4 the motor driving model.
2. Engine Generator Model
2.1 Requirements of the Engine Generator Model
In the engine generator model, the actual torque, in relation to the ECU’s engine torque
command and engine rotational frequency, is calculated from the actual torque map
developed using the measured values. The engine rotational frequency is determined
from the actual torque and engine load torque. The engine rotational frequency is then
multiplied by the gear ratio in order to obtain the generator rotational frequency. The
actual generator torque and generator output power, in relation to the ReESS voltage,
generator rotational frequency and the ECU’s generator torque command, are calculated
from the actual generator torque map and generator output power map developed using
the measured values. Finally, the generator current is determined by dividing the
generator output power by the ReESS voltage.
The engine generator model consists of three sub-systems: the “engine model” for the
engine rotational frequency calculation, the “generator gear model” for the generator
rotational frequency calculation, and the “generator model” for the generator current
calculation. Section 2.2 describes these three models.
Working Paper No. HDH-DG-03-04e
(3rd HDH Drafting Group meeting, 22/23 October 2013)
A conceptual diagram of the engine generator model is shown in Figure 2.1.
Fig. 2.1 Conceptual Diagram of the Engine Generator Model
2.2 Sub-systems in the Engine Generator Model
2.2.1 Requirements of the Engine Model
See the section on the engine model in the Parallel HEV Model Specifications.
2.2.2 Requirements of the Engine Generator Gear Model
In the engine generator gear model, the generator rotational frequency and the generator
starter torque are obtained by multiplying, respectively, the input engine rotational
frequency and the input starter torque by the gear ratio. Furthermore, the engine load
torque is calculated by multiplying the actual generator torque by the gear transmission
efficiency and gear ratio.
A conceptual diagram of the engine generator gear model is shown in Figure 2.2.
Working Paper No. HDH-DG-03-04e
(3rd HDH Drafting Group meeting, 22/23 October 2013)
Fig. 2.2 Conceptual Diagram of the Engine Generator Gear Model
2.2.3 Requirements of the Generator Model
In the generator model, the generator output power and actual generator torque, in
relation to the input generator rotational frequency, ReESS voltage and generator
command torque, are calculated from the actual torque map and generator power map
developed using the measured values. The generator current is obtained by dividing the
generator output power by the ReESS voltage. In addition, when the generator starts the
engine, the PID control function inside the generator model controls the generator
rotational frequency.
A conceptual diagram of the generator model is shown in Figure 2.3.
Working Paper No. HDH-DG-03-04e
(3rd HDH Drafting Group meeting, 22/23 October 2013)
Fig. 2.3 Conceptual Diagram of the Generator Model
3. Rechargeable Energy Storage System
See the section on the rechargeable energy storage system in the Parallel HEV Model
Specifications.
4. Motor Driving Model
4.1 Requirements of the Motor Driving Model
In the motor driving model, the actual torque and motor power, in relation to the ReESS
voltage as well as the ECU’s motor torque command / reduction control / reduction switch
signal / command change, are calculated from the actual torque/power map developed
using the measured values. The motor rotational frequency and the motor current are
then determined using the actual torque, motor load torque, and velocity reset signal for
the former, and the motor power and ReESS voltage for the latter. Further, by
multiplying the motor rotational frequency by the gear ratio, the rotational frequency of
each rotating part and vehicle speed are obtained, and then the running resistance and
velocity reset signal are calculated from the vehicle speed. The motor load torque is
obtained by multiplying the calculated running resistance by the transmission efficiency
and adding the acceleration resistance of each rotating part and brake torque.
The motor driving model consists of two sub-systems: the “motor model” for the motor
rotational frequency calculation and the “running work model” for the motor load torque
calculation. Section 4.2 describes these two models.
A conceptual diagram of the motor driving model is shown in Figure 4.1.
Working Paper No. HDH-DG-03-04e
(3rd HDH Drafting Group meeting, 22/23 October 2013)
Fig. 4.1 Conceptual Diagram of the Motor Driving Model
4.2 Sub-systems in the Motor Driving Model
4.2.1 Requirements of the Motor Model
See the section on the motor model in the Parallel HEV Model Specifications.
4.2.2 Running Work Model
4.2.2.1 Requirements of the Running Work Model
In the running work model, the surface resistance and velocity reset signal are calculated
from the vehicle speed, and the running resistance is determined by adding the hill
climbing resistance, calculated from the grade, and the Road_Load. The motor load
torque is then obtained by multiplying the running resistance by the transmission
efficiency and adding the acceleration resistance of each rotating part and brake torque.
In addition, the rotational frequency of each rotating part and vehicle speed are
calculated by multiplying the motor rotational frequency by the gear ratio.
The running work model consists of three sub-systems: the “hill climbing resistance
model” for the hill climbing resistance calculation, the “Road_Load” for the Road_Load
calculation, and the “driving model” for the calculation of motor load torque and each
rotational frequency. Section 4.2.2.2 describes these three models.
A conceptual diagram of the running work model is shown in Figure 4.2.
Note: The driving model is also defined in the Parallel HEV Model Specifications.
Working Paper No. HDH-DG-03-04e
(3rd HDH Drafting Group meeting, 22/23 October 2013)
However, it is redefined here in the Serial HEV Model Specifications since neither the
transmission model nor the clutch model exists under the serial HEV model.
Fig. 4.2 Conceptual Diagram of the Running Work Model
4.2.2.2 Sub-systems in the Running Work Model
4.2.2.2.1 Requirements of the Hill Climbing Resistance Model
See the section on the hill climbing resistance model in the Parallel HEV Model
Specifications.
4.2.2.2.2 Requirements of the Road_Load Model
See the section on the Road_Load model in the Parallel HEV Model Specifications.
4.2.2.2.3 Requirements of the Driving Model
In the driving model, the rotational frequency of each rotating part and vehicle speed are
calculated by multiplying the motor rotational frequency command by the gear ratio, and
the motor load torque is obtained by multiplying the running resistance and brake torque
by the transmission efficiency and adding the acceleration resistance of each rotating
part.
A conceptual diagram of the driving model is shown in Figure 4.3.
Working Paper No. HDH-DG-03-04e
(3rd HDH Drafting Group meeting, 22/23 October 2013)
Fig. 4.3 Conceptual Diagram of the Driving Model