Chapter-13
Re-Programming & Re-Configuration of Solid State Energy Meters.
Re-Programming of solid state Energy Meters.
In order to get appropriate function from the solid state energy meters, they are
programmed. Occasionally during operation, the software contained in the meter gets
corrupt, and result in mal function of the meter. The remedy is to re-program the energy
meter for having a proper function from it.
All sort of digital energy meter have supplied with a soft ware program, which must
be retained in a dedicated Laptop computer, ready to be used as and when required.
It must be noted that due to re-programming of the energy meter, the stored data in
the energy meter may gets damaged.
Re-programming is required under following circumstances:
1. When the loaded software in the energy meter gets corrupt.
2. Specific need to have more parameters/ parameterization.
3. Time discrepancy of the meter clock
Re-Configuration of solid state Energy Meters.
The digital energy meters are multifunctional, either measuring different energies, i.e.
active, reactive, apparent, either in import or export mode. The same meter may record power
in Mw i.e., active, reactive, apparent either in import or export mode.
These default (built-in) parameters are in hundreds, and re-configuration means reprogramming the energy meter for specific parameters. These meters can be parameterized
either for Auto-Sequence or Manual–Sequence. For Auto-Sequence, the readings or
parameters scroll automatically as defined for specified display time in the re-configuration.
Similarly for manual scroll, the defined parameters are scroll manually with the pressing of
the push button.
Some of the parameters are listed as below.
Following notations has been adopted.
A+
A-
Active Energy Import.
Active Energy Export.
R+
R-
Reactive Energy Import.
Reactive Energy Export.
Current Values means Present Values.
P.V means previous month or billing month value. For this 01 means one month
previous, 02 means 02 month previous.
Cumulative means addition of all previous month total value.
13-1
ISKRAMECO ENERGY METER
Device Parameter scheme ISKMT860
Auto-Sequence
Auto-Scroll Sequence. (The display of readings scroll automatically in a sequence
defined previously)
Sr.No. Address
Defination.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1-0:0.4.3
1-0:0.4.2
1-0:1.8.0
1-0: 1.8.0
1-0:2.8.0
1-0:2.8.0
1-0:3.8.0
1-0:3.8.0
1-0:4.8.0
1-0:4.8.0
1-0:15.7.0
1-0:130.7.0
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
1-0:13.7.0
1-0: 14.7.0
1-0:31.7.0
1-0:51.7.0
1-0:71.7.0
1-0:32.7.0
1-0:52.7.0
1-0:72.7.0
1-0:1.6.0
1-0:1.6.0
1-0:1.2.0
1-0:2.6.0
1-0:2.6.0
1-0:2.2.0
1-0:3.6.0
1-0:3.6.0
Voltage Ratio {Primary/Secondary}
Current Ratio {Prim / Sec}
A+ All Phases Energy Total.
A+ All Phases Energy, Total, PV
A- All Phases Energy Total.
A- All Phase Energy Total, PV
Q+ All Phases Energy, Total.
Q+ All Phases Energy, Total, PV
Q- All Phases Energy, Total.
Q- All Phases Energy, Total, PV
Active Q1+Q4+Q2+Q3 all phases instantaneous value,total
Reactive Q1+Q4+Q2+Q3 all phases instantaneous
value,total.
Power factor all phases instantaneous values, total.
Frequency all phases instantaneous value, total.
Current phase R instantaneous value, total.
Current phase S instantaneous value, total.
Current phase T instantaneous value, total.
Voltage phase R instantaneous value, total.
Voltage phase S instantaneous value, total.
Voltage phase T instantaneous value, total.
A+ all phases Max demand, total
A+ all phases Max demand, total, PV.
A+ all phases cumulative demand, total.
A- all phases Max demand, total.
A- all phases Max demand, total, PV.
A- all phases cumulative demand, total.
Q+ all phases Max demand, total.
Q+ all phases Max demand, total, PV.
29
30
31
32
33
1-0:3.2.0
1-0:4.6.0
1-0:4.6.0
1-0:4.2.0
1-0:0.1.0
Q+ all phases cumulative demand, total.
Q- all phases Max demand, total.
Q- all phases Max demand, total, PV.
Q- all phases cumulative demand total.
MD reset count.
13-2
Manual-Sequence
Manual Scroll Sequence.
Sr.No. Address
Defination.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Current ratio (prim/sec)
Voltage ratio (prim/sec)
A+ all phases Energy, total.
A+ all phases Energy total, PV.
A- all phases Energy, total.
A- all phases Energy, total, PV.
Q+ all phases Energy, total.
Q+ all phases Energy, total, PV.
Q- all phases Energy, total.
Q- all phases Energy, total, PV.
A+ all phases Max demand, total.
A+ all phases Max demand, total, PV.
A+ all phases cumulative demand, total.
A- all phases Max demand, total.
A- all phases Max demand, total, PV.
A- all phases cumulative demand, total.
Q+ all phases Max demand, total.
Q+ all phases Max demand, total, PV.
Q+ all phases cumulative demand, total.
Q- all phases Max demand, total.
Q- all phases Max demand, total, PV.
Q- all phases cumulative demand, total.
MD reset count.
MD reset times.
1-0:0.4.2
1-0:0.4.3
1-0: 1.8.0
1-0:1.8.0
1-0:2.8.0
1-0: 2.8.0
1-0:3.8.0
1-0:3.8.0
1-0:4.8.0
1-0:4.8.0
1-0:1.6.0
1-0:1.6.0
1-0:1.2.0
1-0:2.6.0
1-0:2.6.0
1-0:2.2.0
1-0:3.6.0
1-0:3.6.0
1-0:3.2.0
1-0:4.6.0
1-0:4.6.0
1-0:4.2.0
1-0:0.1.0
1-0:0.1.2
Reprogramming for correct Reactive Energy measurement.
The metering requirements of any power utility depend upon the supply
conditions, Tariff structure and role of the organization (i.e. it may be consumer or supplier
of electricity). Digital import-export type energy meters are usually designed with keeping in
mind the variety of requirements of all such individual customer.
Value Added Energy Metering.
The primary aim of the digital energy meter is to log energy values and that’s
why a value added meters are capable of dealing multiple type of energies and different way
to log it into the memory.
CEWE, PRI APEX and ISKRA (make) digital energy meters are used for
feeder based application where energy may flow in both the directions. Hence metering unit,
which comes with the capability of logging energy in both the direction are termed as
Import-Export type energy meter.
13-3
Keeping in consideration different tariff structure, most digital energy meters
of these types support following eight energy types.
1. KWh ( Import )
2. KWh ( Export )
3. KVA rh (Import) while KWh ( Import )
4. KVA rh (Export) while KWh ( Import )
5. KVA rh (Export) while KWh ( Export )
6. KVA rh (Import) while KWh ( Export )
7. KVAh ( Import )
8. KVAh ( Export )
Quadrant-1
Quadrant-2
Quadrant-3
Quadrant-4
Key to remember
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Active Import, Reactive Import
Active Import, Reactive Export
Active Export, Reactive Export
Active Export, Reactive Import
Concept of quadrant-wise active and reactive energy.
Quadrant-I
In the QI, both active and reactive power is being imported ( as seen from the load
side of the metering system). The active power is in import mode, as the V I Cos Φ is
positive. The load is inductive (lagging power factor), and reactive power is said to be
imported.
The arrow near grid indicates the direction of the C.T and hence as seen from the
meter, the grid is importing active as well as reactive power from the generator. In other
words, the inductive current, that the generator has to supply, to the grid uses up its current
carrying capacity.
Put in a different way, if capacitors were installed in the grid system, the reactive
power would have been supplied by the capacitors and the generator could have used its
current capacity to provide for higher active power transfer. Thus, the generator is entitled to
a compensation for this loss of capacity.
Tariff in this quadrant can therefore be based on both the active energy and apparent
energy ( KVAh = √ KWh2 + KVArh2 ) computations. However, any tariff structure based
on active and reactive energies would have been equally beneficial, if no more.
13-4
Quadrant-II
In the Q-II, active power is being imported and reactive power is being exported (as
seen from the load side of the metering system). The active power is in import mode, as the
V I Cos Φ is positive. The load is capacitive (leading power factor), and reactive power is
said to be exported.
In general the grid is always assumed to be hungry of lagging power factor. Hence a
leading current flowing from the generator to the grid may be conceived as reactive export
from the grid to the generator. This sort of situation is very common to find in wind power
generation, who may be at times supplying some active power, but drawing huge amount of
reactive power from the grid. It is in this quadrant now that a KVA tariff becomes difficult to
interpret.
The system “Capacity” is now partially being used by the active power ( for which
the grid pays the generator), and partially by the reactive power ( for which generator should
pay the grid). However, any definition of KVA for use of capacity tariff is illogical and
incorrect, as in itself it does not carry the “sense” of payment (who pays whom). Thus while
the grid is entitled to a compensation for its loss of capacity, it should be computed upon the
reactive energy export.
13-5
Quadrant-III
In the Q-III, both active and reactive power is being exported (as seen from the load
side of the metering system). The active power is in export mode, as the V I Cos Φ is
negative. The load is inductive (lagging power factor), and reactive power is said to be
imported. The grid now indicates the direction of the C.T and hence as seen from the meter,
the grid is exporting active as well as reactive power to the generator.
In other words, the inductive current, that the grid has to supply, to the generator uses
up its current carrying capacity. This situation is exactly opposite to the situation in quadrantI and the generator is entitled to a compensation for this loss of capacity. Tariff in this
quadrant may be based on both the active energy and apparent energy ( KVAh = √ KWh2
+ KVArh2 ) computations.
Again, needless to mention that any tariff structure based on active and reactive
energies would have been equally beneficial, if not more.
Quadrant-IV
In the quadrant-IV, active power is being exported and reactive power is being
imported (as seen from the load side of the metering system). The active power is in export
mode, as the V I Cos Φ is negative. The load is inductive and reactive is said to be imported
into the grid.
As in Q-II, in this quadrant as well, a KVA tariff becomes difficult to interpret . The
system “Capacity” is now partially being used by the active power (for which the generator
pays the grid), and partially by the reactive power (for which the grid should pay the
generator).
Once again, any definition of KVA for use of capacity tariff is illogical and incorrect,
as in itself it does not carry the “sense” of payment (who pays whom). Thus, while the grid is
entitled to a compensation for its loss of capacity, it should be computed upon the reactive
energy export.
13-6