DENT5315
Oral Histology/Embryology/Genetics
EXAM 1 (February 6th 2007)
NAME: ______________________________
ID#: _________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS. Choose ONE BEST answer for each of the following questions.
CAUTION: Read all questions carefully!
1. What are the four layers in order from the oral cavity to internal, of the masticatory mucosa?
A. Stratum corneum, spinosum, basale, and granulosum
B. Stratum granulosum, spinosum, basale, and corneum
C. Stratum corneum, granulosum, spinosum, and basale*
D. Stratum basale, spinosum, granulosum, and corneum
E. Stratum corneum, granulosum, basale, and spinosum
2.
Which germ layers are present at the end of week 3 of development?
A. Epiblast only
B. Epiblast and hypoblast
C. Ectoderm and endoderm
D. Ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm*
E. Epiblast, mesoderm and hypoblast
3. The __________________ layer of masticatory mucosa is mitotically active and provides new
cells replenish the cells that are continuously shed:
A. Stratum basale*
B. Stratum granulosum
C. Stratum spinosum
D. Stratum corneum
E. Stratum superficiale
4. The _________________ surface of the tongue is covered with specialized mucosa, and the
ventral surface of the tongue is covered with _____________ mucosa:
A. Ventral, masticatory
B. Dorsal, lining*
C. Dorsal, masticatory
D. Ventral, lining
E. Ventral, specialized
5. Which statement best describes the development of the neural tube?
A. It develops directly from the primitive streak.
B. It develops directly from the notochord.
C. It develops from the ectoderm immediately dorsal to the notochord*
D. It develops from the ectoderm immediately dorsal to the primitive streak.
E. None of the above.
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6. Your first patient presents with a chief complaint of pale yellow spots in the buccal mucosa near
the angle of the mouth. You suspect these to be ectopic sebaceous glands. What condition does
the patient have?
A. Von Ebners’s disease
B. Fordyce’s disease*
C. Circumvallate papillae
D. Mucous cells
E. None of the above
7. Which of the following is true about fungiform papilla?
A. They constitute majority of the papillae
B. They are the only papillae that does not contain any taste buds
C. Constitute about 10 to 14 in number and present distributed in “V”-shaped pattern
between the base and the body of the tongue
D. Contains taste buds and present interspersed between the filiform papillae and usually
appears red round structures due to increased blood supply*
E. Present on the lateral margins of the posterior tongue as parallel ridges
8. Alteration of the vasculature in the lamina propria and submucosa will most likely result in a
clinically apparent alteration in the oral mucosa’s:
A. Texture
B. Surface
C. Integrity
D. Color*
E. None of the above
9. Keratohyaline granules are seen in the granular cell layer of:
A. Orthokeratinizing oral epithelium*
B. All oral epithelium
C. Parakeratinizing oral epithelium
D. Epithelium with significant numbers of melanocytes
E. Epithelium that is acanthotic
10. Which of the following areas of the oral mucosa has keratinized epithelium:
(1) Gingiva
(2) Buccal mucosa
(3) Tongue
(4) Hard Palate
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
(1) and (3)
(1) and (4)*
(2) and (3)
(2) and (4)
(3) and (4)
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11. The following are true about junctional epithelium EXCEPT:
A. Attached to the tooth surface cervical to the gingival sulcus and continuous with the
sulcular epithelium
B. Has a high rate of cell division
C. Readily regenerates from the sulcular epithelium if it is damaged
D. Comprised of orthokeratinized stratified squamous epithelium*
E. Derived from reduced enamel epithelium
12. Which of the answers below correctly describe the number of cervical sclerotomes, vertebrae,
and spinal nerves, respectively?
A. 8, 8, and 8
B. 8, 7, and 8*
C. 7, 7, and 7
D. 8, 8, and 7
E. 7, 8, and 7
13. Which ONE of the following statements is TRUE about the parotid gland?
A. Derived from ectoderm*
B. Comprised predominantly of mucous cells
C. Starts forming around the 8th week of embryonic development
D. Forms without input from ectomesenchyme
E. Considered a mixed (both mucous-serous) gland
14. The dorsal muscle mass in the lower limb forms what type of muscles?
A. Extensors and abductors*
B. Extensors and supinators
C. Flexors and pronators
D. Flexors and adductors
15. All major salivary glands are ectodermal in origin:
A. True
B. False*
16. The femur bone develops from which of the following?
A. Somite mesoderm
B. Somatopleuric mesoderm*
C. Intermediate mesoderm
D. Splanchnopleuric mesoderm
E. Sclerotome mesoderm
17. Which one of the following is TRUE about myoepithelial cells:
A. Modify the secretory product by secreting sodium
B. Function as muscle cell by squeezing the acinus and facilitating secretion*
C. Secrete high amounts of IgA
D. Are rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum
E. Is increased in number as one ages
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18. Which of the following are pure serous glands?
A. Sublingual glands
B. Palatine glands
C. Glands of Von Ebner*
D. Submandibular glands
E. Glands of Blandin-Nuhn
19. Each of the following develops as an outpocketing of the gut tube EXCEPT one. Which one is
the EXCEPTION?
A. Lung
B. Liver
C. Spleen*
D. Pancreas
E. Gallbladder
20. Saliva becomes hypertonic after passing through the striated ducts:
A. True
B. False*
21. The terminal portion of the salivary ductal system that are in contact with serous cells is called:
A. Intercalated duct*
B. Excretory duct
C. Striated duct
D. Stensons duct
E. None of the above
22. Passage of urine through the umbilicus reveals which of the following conditions?
A. Omphalocele
B. Gastroschisis
C. Anal agenesis
D. Meckel’s diverticulum
E. Patent urachus*
23. Oncocytes are common feature noted in older individuals:
A. True*
B. False
24. The following statements are TRUE about striated ducts EXCEPT:
A. Comprised of columnar cells
B. Ductal cells contain prominent striations
C. Saliva become hypertonic after passing through the striated ducts*
D. Saliva becomes hypotonic after passing through the striated ducts
E. The striated ducts lead to terminal excretory duct
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25. The ureteric bud gives rise to the:
A. Collecting duct system*
B. Nephrons
C. Collecting duct system and nephrons
D. None of the above
26. Salivary glands are normally found in:
(1) Buccal mucosa
(2) Free gingiva
(3) Upper lip
(4) Anterior hard palate
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
(1) and (2)
(2) and (4)
(1) and (4)
(3) and (4)
(1) and (3)*
27. The paraxial mesoderm of the head and the trunk areas breaks up into segmented blocks called
_____________________ and _______________________ respectively:
A. Somites and somatomeres
B. Somatomeres and somites*
C. Rhombomeres and somites
D. Somites and rhombomeres
E. Somatomeres and rhombomeres
28. What hormone induces the formation of the prostate gland and what is the embryological origin
of the glandular portion of the prostate?
A. Testosterone, endoderm
B. Testosterone, mesoderm
C. SRY, endoderm and mesoderm
D. Dihydrotestoterone, endoderm*
E. Dihydrotestoterone, mesoderm
29. As demonstrated by the pattern of MOTOR innervation, which one of the following is involved
in development of the tongue?
A. First branchial arch only
B. First and third branchial arch
C. Occipital somites*
D. Second branchial arch only
E. Third branchial arch only
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30. The following statements are true about Meckel’s cartilage EXCEPT:
A. Completely converts to form the mandible by endochondral ossification*
B. It is the cartilage of the first branchial arch
C. The malleus and incus develop from the dorsal aspect of this cartilage
D. Is innervated by trigeminal nerve
E. Is in close relationship with the developing mandible but does not contribute to it
31. The septation of the left and right atrium is completed:
A. Prior to birth via the cardiac neural crest
B. At birth independent of the cardiac neural crest*
C. Prior to birth independent of the cardiac neural crest
D. At birth via the cardiac neural crest
E. None of the above.
32. Name the structures that originate from the 1st branchial arch:
(1) Stapes
(2) Masseter
(3) Buccinator
(4) Incus
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
(1) and (2)
(1) and (4)
(2) and (3)
(2) and (4)*
(3) and (4)
33. All of the following are major sites of hematopoiesis EXCEPT the:
A. Outer layer of the yolk sac wall
B. Kidney*
C. Spleen
D. Liver
34. Name the structures that originate from the 2nd branchial arch: (NOT SCORED)
(1) Stapes
(2) Masseter
(3) Buccinator
(4) Incus
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
(1) and (2)
(1) and (4)
(2) and (3)
(2) and (4)
(3) and (4)
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35. The blood vessels in the 3rd branchial arch become the:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Pulmonary circulation
Common carotid arteries*
Dorsal aorta
All of the above
None of the above
36. Please refer to the sketch below in which is illustrated the head and neck region of a human
embryo. The facial process labeled B gives rise to which of the following? For orientation the
structure labeled C gives rise to the hyoid bone.
A. Secondary palate and nasal septum
B. Mandible and lower lip*
C. Maxilla and middle portion of the upper lip
D. Secondary palate and lateral portion of upper lip
E. Maxilla and primary palate
37. All of the following are true about the stomatodeum EXCEPT:
A. It is separated from the gut by the buccopharyngeal membrane
B. Surfaced by ectoderm
C. Surfaced by endoderm*
D. Limited superiorly by the frontal prominence and inferiorly by the developing heart
(cardiac bulge)
E. All of the statements are true
38. The ureteric bud and mesonephric duct originate from:
A. Splanchnopleuric mesoderm
B. Somatopleuric mesoderm
C. Intermediate mesoderm*
D. A & C
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39. The structures derived form the 2nd branchial arch are innervated by:
A. Cranial nerve IX
B. Cranial nerve X
C. Cranial nerve V
D. Cranial nerve XII
E. Cranial nerve VII*
40. Which of the three primary germ layers forms the histologically definitive endocardium of the
adult heart?
A. Ectoderm
B. Endoderm
C. Mesoderm*
D. Epiblast
E. Hypoblast
41. The following statements are true about development of pituitary gland EXCEPT:
A. It is ectodermal in origin
B. Rathke’s pouch (hypophysial diverticulum) is an upgrowth from the roof of the
stomatodeum
C. The adenohypophysis and the neurohypophysis portions develop from different sources
D. A downgrowth from the diencephalon contributes to the development of
neurohypophysis
E. Rathke’s pouch (hypophysial diverticulum) contributes to the development of
neurohypophysis*
42. The uterine tubes of the adult female are derived embryologically from which of the following?
A. The mesonephric duct
B. The mesonephric tubules
C. The paramesonephric duct*
D. The paramesonephric tubules
E. The uterovaginal primordium
43. In the fetal heart, the foramen ovale connects the:
A. Pulmonary artery and the aorta.
B. Right and the left atria, permitting the flow of blood from right to left.*
C. Right and the left atria, permitting the flow of blood from left to right.
D. Right and the left ventricles, permitting the flow of blood from right to left.
E. Right and the left ventricles, permitting the flow of blood from the left to right.
44. Abnormalities of the superior and inferior parathyroid glands indicate abnormal development
of which of the following pharyngeal pouches?
A. 1st only
B. 1st and 2nd
C. 2nd and 3rd
D. 3rd only
E. 3rd and 4th *
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45. All of the following statements concerning the cochlear duct are correct EXCEPT:
A. It arises from the otic vesicle
B. It is of ectodermal origin
C. It contains the spiral organ of Corti
D. It contains perilymph*
46. All of the following statements concerning the tympanic cavity are correct EXCEPT:
A. It is of mesodermal origin*
B. It develops from the tubotympanic recess
C. The malleus and incus develop from pharyngeal arch 1
D. The stapes develops from pharyngeal arch 2
47. The surface ectoderm gives rise to the:
A. Dilator pupillae muscle
B. Retina
C. Lens*
D. Sclera
E. Choroid
48. All of the following statements concerning the otic vesicle are correct EXCEPT:
A. It gives rise to the membranous labyrinth
B. It develops from the neuroectoderm*
C. It is found adjacent to the hindbrain
D. It gives rise to the endolymphatic duct
E. It gives rise to the cochlear duct
49. Pharyngeal cleft 1 gives rise to the:
A. Internal auditory meatus
B. External auditory meatus*
C. Eustatchian tube
D. Cervical sinus
E. Primary tympanic cavity
50. What pharyngeal arch gives rise to muscles that are innervated by the trigeminal cranial
nerve (V)?
A. Pharyngeal arch 1*
B. Pharyngeal arch 2
C. Pharyngeal arch 3
D. Pharyngeal arch 4
E. Pharyngeal arch 6
THIS IS THE END OF THE EXAMINATION
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