S-2-LM122 --Applied Vascular Anatomy of Lower limb
Learning Objectives
At the end of lecture student will able:
To describe the vascular anatomy of lower limb.
To enlist the common vascular complication of lower limb.
To give the clinical correlation of these complications.
VESSELS OF THE
LOWER EXTREMITY
Femoral Artery:
Femoral artery is the continuation of the external iliac artery: Begins deep to the
inguinal ligament.Enclosed within the femoral sheath.
Becomes the popliteal artery:At the adductor hiatus.
Proximal branches:
Superficial epigastric artery.
Superficial circumflex iliac artery.
Superficial external pudendal artery.
Deep branches:
Deep external pudendal.
Descending genicular.
Profunda femoris (deep femoral):
Medial femoral circumflex.
Lateral femoral circumflex.
Perforating arteries (3).
Descending genicular.
Cruciate Anastomosis
Joins internal iliac to femoral:
Bypass for femoral or external iliac arteries.
Includes branches from:
Medial femoral circumflex.
Lateral femoral circumflex.
Inferior gluteal artery.
First perforating artery.
Popliteal Artery
Continuation of femoral artery.
Begins at adductor hiatus.
Ends at inferior border of popliteus muscle:
Branches into anterior and posterior tibial arteries.
Branches:
Medial and lateral superior genicular
arteries.
Medial and lateral inferior genicular arteries.
Middle genicular artery and sural arteries.
Genicular Anastomosis
Contributors:
Genicular branches of popliteal artery.
Descending branches of femoral and deep femoral arteries.
Ascending branches of anterior and posterior tibial arteries.
Anterior Tibial Artery
Terminal branch of popliteal artery:
Arises at inferior border of popliteus muscle.
Passes anterior to interosseous membrane between tibia and fibula.
Accompanied by deep peroneal (fibular) nerve.
Renamed dorsalis pedis artery at ankle joint.
Anterior Tibial Artery
Supplies anterior compartment of leg.
Branches:
Anterior tibial recurrent.
Lateral malleolar artery.
Medial malleolar artery.
Dorsalis Pedis Artery
Medial tarsal artery.
Lateral tarsal artery.
Arcuate artery.
Deep plantar artery.
First dorsal interosseous artery.
Posterior Tibial Artery
Terminal branch of popliteal artery.
Begins at inferior border of popliteus muscle.
Accompanied by tibial nerve.
Descends on posterior surface of tibialis posterior muscle.
Terminates deep to flexor retinaculum as:
Medial plantar artery.
Lateral plantar artery.
Lower Limb Venous Drainage
Superficial Veins:
Great saphenous:
Drains medial side of dorsal venous arch.
Ascends anterior to medial malleolus.
Passes posterior to medial border of patella.
Lesser saphenous:
Drains lateral side of dorsal venous arch.
Passes posterior to lateral malleolus.
Accompanies sural nerve.
Ascends along midline of calf.
Empties into popliteal vein in popliteal fossa.
Deep Veins:
Venae comitantes:
Accompany deep arteries of the leg.
Unite to form popliteal vein inpopliteal space.
Popliteal vein:
Passes through adductor hiatus.
Renamed femoral vein.
Communicating veins.
Applied Vascular Anatomy of Lower Limb
Atherosclerosis of lower extermities.
Compression of Femoral Artery.
Laceration of femoral artery.
Saphenous Varix.
Saphenous vein graft.
Varicose vein and thombophlebitis.
Hemorrhaging wound of sole of foot.