1
Supplementary Table 1: Studies and their full citations for the articles included in the
meta-analysis
First Author*
Year
No.
No.
AML
CSF
Control
Type
CSF Type
Day CSF
Initiation+
Elderly++
Buchner(1)
1993
36
31
de novo
GM-CSF
-1
Yes
Ohno(2)
1994
28
30
rel
G-CSF
-2
Yes
Rottmann(3)
1994
40
32
de novo
GM-CSF
-1
Yes
Hansen(4)
1995
10
8
de novo, rel
GM-CSF
-1
Yes
Heil(5)
1995
41
39
de novo
GM-CSF
-2
Yes
Zittoun(6)
1996
50
53
de novo
GM-CSF
-1
No
Lowenberg(7)
1997
138
136
de novo
GM-CSF
-1
NA
Lowenberg(8)
1997
157
161
de novo, 2°
GM-CSF
-1
Yes
Witz(9)
1998
114
126
de novo
GM-CSF
0
Yes
Estey(10)
1999
107
108
de novo, rel, 2°
G-CSF
-1
Yes
Hast(11)
2003
46
47
2°
GM-CSF
-2
Yes
Lowenberg(12)
2003
321
319
de novo, 2°
G-CSF
-1
No
Buchner(13)
2004
466
429
NA
G-CSF
-2
Yes
Bug(14)
2006
91
92
de novo, 2°
G-CSF
-1
Yes
Lofgren(15)
2004
55
55
de novo
GM-CSF
-1
Yes
Rowe(16)
2004
113
125
de novo
GM-CSF
-2
Yes
Amadori (17)
2005
360
362
de novo, 2°
G-CSF
0
Yes
Milligan(18)
2006
178
178
de novo, rel, 2°
G-CSF
0
Yes
Thomas(19)
2007
124
135
de novo
GM-CSF
0
No
Abbreviations: AML – acute myeloid leukemia; rel - relapsed; 2° - secondary; G-CSF – granulocyte colonystimulating factor; GM-CSF – granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, CSF – colony-stimulating factor;
NA – not available
* Reference number in the bibliography; + Number of days prior to initiation of chemotherapy; ++ Indicates whether
elderly patients were included in the trial
2
Appendix References:
1.
Buchner T, Hiddemann W, Wormann B, Rottmann R, Maschmeyer G, Ludwig WD, et
al. The role of GM-CSF in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia & lymphoma
1993; 11 Suppl 2: 21-24.
2.
Ohno R, Naoe T, Kanamaru A, Yoshida M, Hiraoka A, Kobayashi T, et al. A double-
blind controlled study of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor started two days before induction
chemotherapy in refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Kohseisho Leukemia Study Group. Blood
1994 Apr 15; 83(8): 2086-2092.
3.
Rottmann R, Buchner T, Hiddemann W, Wormann B, Maschmeyer G, Ludwig WD, et
al. GM-CSF Multiple Course Priming and Long-Term Administration in Newly Diagnosed
Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Comparison of Three Different GM-CSF Routes and Schedules with
No GM-CSF. Onkologie 1994; (17): 58-61.
4.
Hansen PB, Johnsen HE, Jensen L, Gaarsdal E, Simonsen K, Ralfkiaer E. Priming and
treatment with molgramostim (rhGM-CSF) in adult high-risk acute myeloid leukemia during
induction chemotherapy: a prospective, randomized pilot study. European journal of
haematology 1995 May; 54(5): 296-303.
5.
Heil G, Chadid L, Hoelzer D, Seipelt G, Mitrou P, Huber C, et al. GM-CSF in a double-
blind randomized, placebo controlled trial in therapy of adult patients with de novo acute
myeloid leukemia (AML). Leukemia 1995 Jan; 9(1): 3-9.
6.
Zittoun R, Suciu S, Mandelli F, de Witte T, Thaler J, Stryckmans P, et al. Granulocyte-
macrophage colony-stimulating factor associated with induction treatment of acute myelogenous
3
leukemia: a randomized trial by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of
Cancer Leukemia Cooperative Group. J Clin Oncol 1996 Jul; 14(7): 2150-2159.
7.
Lowenberg B, Boogaerts MA, Daenen SM, Verhoef GE, Hagenbeek A, Vellenga E, et al.
Value of different modalities of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor applied
during or after induction therapy of acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol 1997 Dec; 15(12):
3496-3506.
8.
Lowenberg B, Suciu S, Archimbaud E, Ossenkoppele G, Verhoef GE, Vellenga E, et al.
Use of recombinant GM-CSF during and after remission induction chemotherapy in patients
aged 61 years and older with acute myeloid leukemia: final report of AML-11, a phase III
randomized study of the Leukemia Cooperative Group of European Organisation for the
Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Dutch Belgian Hemato-Oncology Cooperative Group.
Blood 1997 Oct 15; 90(8): 2952-2961.
9.
Witz F, Sadoun A, Perrin MC, Berthou C, Briere J, Cahn JY, et al. A placebo-controlled
study of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor administered
during and after induction treatment for de novo acute myelogenous leukemia in elderly patients.
Groupe Ouest Est Leucemies Aigues Myeloblastiques (GOELAM). Blood 1998 Apr 15; 91(8):
2722-2730.
10.
Estey EH, Thall PF, Pierce S, Cortes J, Beran M, Kantarjian H, et al. Randomized phase
II study of fludarabine + cytosine arabinoside + idarubicin +/- all-trans retinoic acid +/granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in poor prognosis newly diagnosed acute myeloid
leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Blood 1999 Apr 15; 93(8): 2478-2484.
11.
Hast R, Hellstrom-Lindberg E, Ohm L, Bjorkholm M, Celsing F, Dahl IM, et al. No
benefit from adding GM-CSF to induction chemotherapy in transforming myelodysplastic
4
syndromes: better outcome in patients with less proliferative disease. Leukemia 2003 Sep; 17(9):
1827-1833.
12.
Lowenberg B, van Putten W, Theobald M, Gmur J, Verdonck L, Sonneveld P, et al.
Effect of priming with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on the outcome of chemotherapy
for acute myeloid leukemia. The New England journal of medicine 2003 Aug 21; 349(8): 743752.
13.
Buchner T, Berdel WE, Hiddemann W. Priming with granulocyte colony-stimulating
factor--relation to high-dose cytarabine in acute myeloid leukemia. The New England journal of
medicine 2004 May 20; 350(21): 2215-2216.
14.
Bug G, Koschmieder S, Krauter J, Wiebe S, Hannig C, Hofmann W-K, et al. Priming
with Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor Did Not Improve Outcome in a Randomized Study
of Elderly Acute Myeloid Leukemia but Increased Induction Mortality. ASH Annual Meeting
Abstracts 2006 November 16, 2006; 108(11): 1980-.
15.
Lofgren C, Paul C, Astrom M, Hast R, Hedenius M, Lerner R, et al. Granulocyte-
macrophage colony-stimulating factor to increase efficacy of mitoxantrone, etoposide and
cytarabine in previously untreated elderly patients with acute myeloid leukaemia: a Swedish
multicentre randomized trial. British journal of haematology 2004 Feb; 124(4): 474-480.
16.
Rowe JM, Neuberg D, Friedenberg W, Bennett JM, Paietta E, Makary AZ, et al. A phase
3 study of three induction regimens and of priming with GM-CSF in older adults with acute
myeloid leukemia: a trial by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Blood 2004 Jan 15;
103(2): 479-485.
17.
Amadori S, Suciu S, Jehn U, Stasi R, Thomas X, Marie JP, et al. Use of glycosylated
recombinant human G-CSF (lenograstim) during and/or after induction chemotherapy in patients
5
61 years of age and older with acute myeloid leukemia: final results of AML-13, a randomized
phase-3 study. Blood 2005 Jul 1; 106(1): 27-34.
18.
Milligan DW, Wheatley K, Littlewood T, Craig JI, Burnett AK. Fludarabine and cytosine
are less effective than standard ADE chemotherapy in high-risk acute myeloid leukemia, and
addition of G-CSF and ATRA are not beneficial: results of the MRC AML-HR randomized trial.
Blood 2006 Jun 15; 107(12): 4614-4622.
19.
Thomas X, Raffoux E, Botton S, Pautas C, Arnaud P, de Revel T, et al. Effect of priming
with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in younger adults with newly diagnosed
acute myeloid leukemia: a trial by the Acute Leukemia French Association (ALFA) Group.
Leukemia 2007 Mar; 21(3): 453-461.