HIP BONE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lecture, the student should be able to:
 Enumerate the different parts of the bone.
 Discuss side determination.
 Discuss muscle attachments.
 Discuss ligamentous attachments.
 Discuss the different bones articulating
with the hip bone.
HIP BONE:
Hip bone is a large irregular bone,
made of three parts, namely
 ILIUM.
 ISCHIUM.
 PUBIS.
ACETABULAM
Is formed by the union of
 ILIUM.
 ISCHIUM.
 PUBIS.
Acetabulum articulates with the head of
femur.
SIDE DETERMINATION
 Acetabulum is laterally directed.
 Flat expanded ilium forming the upper part of bone
lies above the acetabulum.
 Obturator foramen lies below the acetabulum,
bounded anteriorly by the pubis and posteriorly by
ischium.
ANATOMICAL POSITION
 Pubic symphysis and the anterior
superior iliac spine lie in the same
coronal plane.
 Symphysial surface of the pubic
symphysis lies in the median plane.
ILIUM
• Has an upper end called the iliac crest.
• Smaller, lower end is fused with the pubis and
ischium at the acetabulum.
• Borders: anterior, posterior & medial.
• Surfaces: gluteal surface, iliac surface,
sacropelvic surface.
ILIAC CREST
• Curvatures: convex
and concave.
• Anterior end of iliac
crest is the anterior
superior iliac spine.
• Posterior end of iliac
crest is the posterior
superior iliac spine.
ANTERIOR BORDER OF ILIUM
• Starts at the anterior superior iliac
spine and runs downwards to the
acetabulum.
• Lower part of the border has an
elevated area called the anterior
inferior iliac spine.
POSTERIOR BORDER OF
ILIUM
• Extends from posterior superior
iliac spine to the upper end of the
posterior border of ischium.
• Few centimeters below the
posterior superior iliac spine is a
prominence called the posterior
inferior iliac spine.
ATTACHMENTS OF ILIUM
Outer lip of iliac crest provides attachment to:
• Tensor fascia lata at the outer lip.
• External oblique muscle in its anterior two thirds.
• Latissimus dorsi behind the highest point of the
crest.
INNER LIP OF ILIAC CREST
Provides attachment to:
• Transversus abdominus in its anterior two thirds.
• Fascia transversalis and fascia iliaca in its anterior two thirds, deep
to transversus abdominis.
• Quadratus lumborum in its posterior one third with thoracolumber
fascia around it.
INTERMIDIATE AREA OF ILIAC CREST
• Gives rise to internal oblique muscle in its anterior two thirds.
Posterior view of the abdominal region illustrating the internal
abdominal oblique muscle and its bony attachments Both sides of
muscle are shown
DORSAL SEGMENT OF ILIAC
CREST
• Lateral slope gives origin to gluteus maximus.
• Medial slope gives origin to erector spinae.
The interosseous and sacroiliac
ligaments are also attached to it.
ANTERIOR INFERIOR ILIAC SPINE
• Gives origin to the straight head of rectus femoris.
• Rough lower part of spine gives attachment to the iliofemoral
ligament.
POSTERIOR BORDER OF ILIUM
 Provides attachment to upper fibers of
sacrotuberous ligament.
 Origin to a few fibers of piriformis muscle.
GLUTEAL SURFACE
 Behind posterior gluteal line gives origin to the
fibers of gluteus maximus.
 Between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines originates the gluteus
medius.
 Between the anterior and inferior gluteal
lines arises the gluteus minimus.
ILIAC FOSSA
• Provides attachment to the iliacus muscle in its
upper two thirds.
• Lower two thirds are covered by the iliac bursa.
PUBIS
• Flattened from before
backwards, has a
superior border, the
pubic crest.
• Pubic tubercle is the
lateral end of the pubic
crest.
• Anterior surface is facing downwards and is rough.
• Posterior surface is smooth, facing upwards and backwards, forms
anterior wall of true pelvis and is related to the urinary bladder.
SUPERIOR RAMUS
• Extending from the body of the pubis to the acetabulum.
• The superior border is called the pectineal line or pecten pubis.
• With the pubic crest it forms
the pubic part of the arcuate
line.
• Anterior border is the
obturator crest which extends
from pubic tubercle to the
acetabular notch.
Inferior border
Is sharp and forms the upper margin of
the obturator foramen.
Pectineal surface
Is a triangular area between the
anterior and superior borders, extending from
pubic tubercle to the iliopubic eminence.
Pelvic surface
Pelvic surface is smooth and is continuous with the
pelvic surface of the body of the pubis.
Obturator surface
Lies between the anterior and inferior borders, it
presents the obturator groove.
INFERIOR RAMUS
 Extends from the body of
the pubis to the ramus
of ischium,
medial to the
obturator foramen.
 It unites with the ischial
ramus to form the
ischiopubic ramus.
ISCHIAM
• Forms the posterior inferior part of the hip bone and the adjoining
two-fifths of the acetabulum.
• Forms the posterior
boundary of the obturator
foramen.
• It has a body and a ramus.
• The lower end forms the
ischial tuberosity.
• It has anterior posterior
and lateral borders
• It has femoral, dorsal and
pelvic surfaces.
• Ischial tuberosity is divided by a transverse ridge into an upper and
lower area.