Chapter 20
Major Systemic
Arteries
Major Systemic Arteries
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Vertebral a.
Subclavian a.
Axillary a.
Internal thoracic a.
Subscapular a.
Superficial temporal a.
Facial a.
External carotid a.
Internal carotid a.
Common carotid a.
Brachiocephalic trunk
Subclavian a.
Aortic arch
Diaphragm
Deep brachial a.
Brachial a.
Radial collateral a.
Superior ulnar
collateral a.
Radial a.
Ulnar a.
Interosseous aa.
Common hepatic a.
Splenic a.
Renal aa.
Superior mesenteric a.
Gonadal a.
Inferior mesenteric a.
Common iliac a.
Internal iliac a.
External iliac a.
Palmar
arches
Deep femoral a.
Femoral a.
Popliteal a.
Anterior tibial a.
Posterior tibial a.
Fibular a.
Arcuate a.
• supplies oxygen and nutrients to all organs
Major Branches of Aorta
• ascending aorta
– right and left coronary arteries supply heart
• aortic arch
– brachiocephalic
• right common carotid supplying right side of head
• right subclavian supplying right shoulder and upper limb
– left common carotid supplying left side of head
– left subclavian supplying shoulder and upper limb
• descending aorta
– thoracic aorta above diaphragm
– abdominal aorta below diaphragm
Major Branches of the Aorta
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R. common
carotid a.
L. common
carotid a.
R. subclavian a.
L. subclavian a.
Brachiocephalic trunk
Aortic arch
Ascending
aorta
Descending
aorta, thoracic
(posterior to
heart)
Diaphragm
Aortic hiatus
Descending
aorta,
abdominal
Arteries of the Head and Neck
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Supraorbital a.
Superficial
temporal a.
Posterior
auricular a.
Occipital a.
Ophthalmic a.
Maxillary a.
Facial a.
Internal carotid a.
External carotid a.
Carotid sinus
Lingual a.
Vertebral a.
Superior
thyroid a.
Thyroid gland
Common
carotid a.
Thyrocervical
trunk
Costocervical
trunk
Axillary a.
Subclavian a.
Brachiocephalic
trunk
(a) Lateral view
• common carotid divides into internal and external carotids
– external carotid supplies most external head structures
Arterial Supply of Brain
•
•
•
paired vertebral arteries combine to form basilar artery on the pons
Circle of Willis on base of brain formed from anastomosis of basilar
and internal carotid arteries
supplies brain, internal ear and orbital structures
– anterior, middle and posterior cerebral
– superior, anterior and posterior cerebellar
Cerebral arterial circle:
Anterior
communicating a.
Internal carotid a.
Anterior
cerebral a.
Middle cerebral a.
Caudal
Rostral
Posterior
communicating a.
Posterior
cerebral a.
Basilar a.
Vertebral a.
Anterior
cerebral a.
Spinal aa.
Cerebellar aa.: Posterior cerebral a.
Superior
Anterior inferior
Posterior inferior
(b) Median section
(a) Inferior view
Major Systemic Veins
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External jugular v.
Internal jugular v.
Brachiocephalic v.
Subclavian v.
Superior vena cava
Axillary v.
Diaphragm
Hepatic v.
Inferior vena cava
Renal v.
Brachial vv.
Kidney
Cephalic v.
Basilic v.
Gonadal vv.
Common iliac v.
Internal iliac v.
External iliac v.
Median
Antebrachial v.
Radial vv.
Ulnar vv.
Venous
palmar arches
Dorsal venous
network
Deep femoral v.
Femoral v.
Femoral v.
Popliteal v.
Anterior tibial vv.
Posterior tibial vv.
Small saphenous v.
Great saphenous v.
Fibular vv.
Dorsal venous arch
Plantar venous arch
• deep veins run parallel to arteries while
superficial veins have many anastomoses
Deep Veins of Head and Neck
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Corpus callosum
Superior
sagittal sinus
Inferior
sagittal sinus
Great cerebral
vein
Straight sinus
Superior
ophthalmic vein
Confluence of
sinuses
Transverse
sinus
Cavernous
sinus
Sigmoid sinus
Sigmoid
sinus
Superficial
middle cerebral
vein
To internal
jugular v.
Internal jugularv.
Straight sinus
Transverse
sinus
Confluence of
sinuses
(a) Dural venous sinuses, medial view
•
•
(b) Dural venous sinuses, inferior view
large, thin-walled dural sinuses form in between layers of dura mater
drain blood from brain to internal jugular vein
Superficial Veins of Head and Neck
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Superior
ophthalmic v .
Superficial
temporal v .
Occipital v.
Facial v .
Vertebral v.
External
jugular v .
Superior thyroid v .
Internal
jugular v .
Thyroid gland
Axillary v.
Brachiocephalic v .
Subclavian v .
(c) Superficial veins of the head and neck
•
•
•
internal jugular vein receives most of the blood from the brain
branches of external jugular vein drain the external structures of the head
upper limb is drained by subclavian vein
Arteries of the Thorax
Vertebral a.
Thyrocervical trunk
Costocervical trunk
Common carotid aa.
Brachiocephalic trunk
L. subclavian a.
Thoracoacromial
trunk
Subscapular a.
Aortic arch
Pericardiophrenic a.
Lateral thoracic a.
Bronchial aa.
Descending aorta
Anterior
intercostal aa.
Posterior intercostal aa.
Internal thoracic a.
Subcostal a.
Esophageal aa.
(a) Major arteries
•
thoracic aorta supplies viscera and body wall
– bronchial, esophageal, and mediastinal branches
– posterior intercostal and phrenic arteries
•
internal thoracic, anterior intercostal, and
pericardiophrenic arise from subclavian artery
Major Branches of Abdominal Aorta
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Inferior phrenic a.
Aortic hiatus
Celiac trunk
Superior
Suprarenal
aa.
Middle
Inferior
Superior mesenteric a.
Renal a.
Lumbar aa.
Gonadal a.
Inferior mesenteric a.
Common iliac a.
Internal iliac a.
Median sacral a.
Celiac Trunk Branches
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Gallbladder
Left gastric a.
Liver
Short
gastric a.
Spleen
Short
gastric aa.
Cystic a.
Hepatic aa.
Aorta Celiac trunk
Hepatic a. proper
R. gastric a.
Gastroduodenal a.
Superior
pancreaticoduodenal a.
Pancreas
Inferior
pancreaticoduodenal a.
L. gastric a.
Splenic a.
L. gastroomental a.
Pancreatic aa.
Common hepatic a.
R. gastro-omental a.
Superior mesenteric a.
Splenic a.
Right gastric a.
Left gastroomental a.
Gastroduodenal a.
Right gastroomental a.
Duodenum
(b) Celiac circulation to the stomach
(a) Branches of the celiac trunk
•
branches of celiac trunk supply upper abdominal
viscera - stomach, spleen, liver, and pancreas
Mesenteric Arteries
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Inferior
pancreaticoduodenal a.
Transverse
colon
Transverse colon
Aorta
Middle
colic a.
Jejunum
Descending
colon
Superior
mesenteric a.
Aorta
Inferior
mesenteric a.
Left colic a.
R. colic a.
Ileocolic a.
Jejunal aa.
Sigmoid aa.
Ascending
colon
Superior
rectal a.
Ileal aa.
Sigmoid colon
Cecum
Ileum
Rectum
Appendix
(a) Distribution of superior mesenteric artery
(b) Distribution of inferior mesenteric artery
Inferior Vena Cava and Branches
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Diaphragm
Inferior phrenic v.
Hepatic vv.
Inferior
vena cava
R. suprarenal v.
L. suprarenal v.
Lumbar v.1
L. renal v.
R. renal v.
Lumbar vv. 1−4
Lumbar vv. 2–4
R. ascending lumbar v.
Iliolumbar v.
R. gonadal v.
Median sacral v.
L. ascending
lumbar v .
Common iliac v.
L. gonadal v.
Internal iliac v.
External iliac v.
Veins of Hepatic Portal System
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Diaphragm
Inferior phrenic v.
Hepatic vv.
Inferior
vena cava
R. suprarenal v.
L. suprarenal v.
Lumbar v.1
L. renal v.
R. renal v.
Lumbar vv. 1−4
Lumbar vv. 2–4
R. ascending lumbar v.
Iliolumbar v.
L. ascending
lumbar v .
Common iliac v.
R. gonadal v.
L. gonadal v.
Median sacral v.
Internal iliac v.
External iliac v.
•
drains nutrient rich blood from viscera (stomach, spleen and
intestines) to liver so that blood sugar levels are maintained
Arteries of the Upper Limb
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Common carotid a.
Subclavian a.
Brachiocephalic trunk
•
subclavian passes between
clavicle and 1st rib
•
vessel changes names as
passes to different regions
Axillary a.
Circumflex
humeral aa.
Brachial a.
Deep brachial a.
Superior ulnar
collateral a.
– subclavian to axillary to
brachial to radial and
ulnar
Radial collateral a.
Interosseous aa.:
Common
Posterior
Anterior
– brachial used for BP and
radial artery for pulse
Radial a.
Ulnar a.
Deep palmar arch
Superficial palmar arch
(a) Major arteries
Superficial and Deep Veins of Upper Limb
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Jugular vv.
External
Internal
Brachiocephalic vv.
Subclavian v.
Superior vena cava
Axillary v.
Cephalic v.
Basilic v.
Brachial vv.
Median cubital v.
Median
antebrachial v.
Radial vv.
Ulnar vv.
Cephalic v.
Basilic v.
Deep venous palmar arch
Superficial venous palmar arch
Dorsal venous network
Superficial veins
Deep veins
(a) Major veins
Arteries of the Lower Limb
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Lateral Medial
Medial
Lateral
Aorta
Common iliac a.
Internal iliac a.
External iliac a.
Inguinal ligament
Obturator a.
Circumflex
femoral aa.
Circumflex
femoral aa.
Femoral a.
Descending
branch of
lateral
circumflex
femoral a.
Genicular
aa.
Deep femoral a.
Descending
branch of
lateral
circumflex
femoral a.
Adductor hiatus
Genicular
aa.
Popliteal a.
Anterior
tibial a.
Fibular a.
Posterior
tibial a.
Anterior
tibial a.
Fibular a.
Dorsal
pedal a.
Medial
tarsal a.
Lateral
plantar a.
Lateral
tarsal a.
Medial
plantar a.
Arcuate a.
Deep plantar
arch
(a) Anterior view
(b) Posterior view
• branches to the lower limb arise from external
iliac branch of the common iliac artery
Superficial and Deep Veins of Lower Limb
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Lateral Medial
Medial Lateral
Inferior vena cava
Common iliac v.
Internal iliac v .
External iliac v .
Circumflex
femoral vv.
Circumflex
femoral vv.
Deep femoral v .
Femoral v .
Great saphenous v .
Popliteal v .
Anterior tibial v.
Small
saphenous v.
Superficial veins
Small
saphenous v.
Deep veins
Fibular vv.
Anterior
tibial vv.
Posterior tibial
vv.
Dorsal
venous arch
(a) Anterior view
Medial plantar v.
Lateral plantar v.
Deep plantar
venous arch
(b) Posterior view