Anatomy & Physiology 34A Lecture
Chapter 7 – The Skeletal System: Appendicular Skeleton
Pectoral (shoulder) & Pelvic (hip) girdles plus the arms and legs
I.
_____________ (shoulder) Girdles - attaches bones of the upper appendages (arms) to the
axial skeleton; consists of two bones:
A. ___________ (collarbone) - S-shaped bone that articulates with the sternum manubrium
on its sternal end and with the scapular acromion on its posterior acromial end with
_________ tubercle
B. ____________ (shoulder blade) - triangular-shaped bone that articulates with the
humerus head within the __________ cavity
1.
Posterior side has the scapular _________, above which is the supraspinous fossa
and below which is the infraspinous fossa, and the ______________ process
2.
3.
Anterior side has the subscapular fossa and ________ process
4.
Lateral side has the ___________ border, glenoid cavity with supraglenoid &
infraglenoid tubercles; medial side is the ___________ border
Superior end has the superior border & angle and suprascapular _______; pointed
bottom is the inferior angle
II. Upper Extremities (arm bones) extend from the pectoral girdles
A. Brachium (arm) = __________ - articulates with the __________ proximally and the
radius and ulna distally
1.
Proximal end - consists of head, anatomical & surgical necks, greater and lesser
______________, between which is the intertubercular (______________) groove
2.
Distal end - anterior side consists of the lateral epicondyle, ___________ (art. with
radius), above which is the radial fossa, epicondylar ridges, medial epicondyle,
_____________ (art. with ulna), above which is the coronoid fossa. Posterior side
has ______________ fossa
3.
Between proximal and distal ends is the radial groove and ____________ tuberosity
B. Antebrachium (forearm)
1. _________ - on little finger (medial) side of arm
a. Proximal end has _________ notch (with coronoid process) that art. with
humerus and radial notch that art. with radius, _____________ process forms
elbow
b.
2.
Distal end has ulna head with __________ process; art. with wrist carpals
___________ - on thumb (lateral) side of arm
a.
Proximal end has disc-shaped head that art. with humerus capitulum and ulnar
radial notch; radial (___________) tuberosity is attachment site for ________
tendon
b.
Distal end has ________ process (lateral) and ulnar notch (medial) that art. with
the ulna
2
C. ____________ (wrist bones) - 8 bones in 2 rows
1. Proximal row, lateral to medial: ___________, ________, ___________, (art. with
distal radius & ulna) and __________
2.
Distal row, lateral to medial: _____________, _____________, ___________,
____________ (art. with metacarpals I-V)
3.
Carpal _________ - formed by the pisiform, hamate, scaphoid, trapezium, and flexor
retinaculum ligament. Median _______ passing through tunnel may become
compressed, leading to carpal tunnel _______________.
D. ______________ - 5 bones in palm of hand, numbered I (thumb) through V (little
finger).
E. _____________ (fingers) - 14 bones.
Proximal, medial, and distal bones for each finger,
excluding the medial phalanx of the ______ (thumb).
III. Pelvic (hip) Girdle
A. Pelvis consists of 2 _________ (hip) bones, sacrum, and coccyx; serves as attachment
for lower limbs to trunk, supports vertebral column and viscera.
B. The ossa coxae are united anteriorly at the pubic ____________ and attach to the
__________ posteriorly
C. Three bones compose each coxal bone: the _________, _______, and _______, which
are fused at the acetabulum (hip socket) and surround the obturator foramen (closed
by fibrous membrane)
1.
2.
Major _______ landmarks include
a.
Lateral - illiac crest, anterior & posterior, superior & inferior spines, greater
______ notch, anterior, posterior, and inferior __________ lines
b.
Medial - same as above, except for gluteal lines, plus the iliac tuberosity,
_____________ surface, and arcuate line
Major ________ (seat bone) landmarks include the ishial spine & tuberosity, lesser
________ notch, and inferior ishial ramus
3.
Major _______ landmarks include the superior & inferior rami, pubic tubercle &
crest, and _______________ surface
D. Everything above the _________ line (pelvic brim) is called the _______ pelvis, whereas
below the line is the _____ pelvis; above the brim is the pelvic ______, below the brim is
the pelvic ______
E. Sex-related _____________ in the pelvis
1.
2.
3.
4.
Male pelvis is _________ than the female pelvis
Male pelvic inlet is ______-shaped, female’s is oval or _______
Male pelvic outlet is narrower, female’s is ________
Male pubic arch angle is _______, female’s is about ___
3
IV. Lower Extremities (leg bones)
A. Upper leg
1. _________ (thigh bone) - longest, thickest bone in body
a. Proximal end has head & fovea capitus that art. with the ___________, femur
neck, greater and lesser ___________, intertrochanteric line (front) & crest
(back)
b.
Distal end has medial and lateral ___________ that art. with tibia, medial &
lateral epicondyles; ______ surface (front) & intercondylar fossa (back) are
between the condyles
c.
Body of femur has the gluteal tuberosity and ___________
2.
B.
____________ (knee cap) - patellar ____________ attaches patella to the tibial
tuberosity
Lower leg (crural region)
1.
2.
_________ (shinbone) - larger of 2 lower leg bones
a.
Proximal end has medial & lateral condyles that art. with femur, intercondylar
eminence, medial & lateral epicondyles, and the tibial _____________
b.
c.
Anterior ________ forms the sharp shin
__________ - smaller of 2 bones
a.
b.
3.
Distal end has medial _________ (inner ankle bone), which art. with talus bone
of ankle
Proximal end has fibula head, art. with tibia lateral condyle
Distal end has lateral ___________ (outer ankle bone), art. with talus
_________ - 7 ankle bones, include: ______ (ankle), _________ (heel), _____ (bet.
calcaneous, 4th and 5th metatarsal), ________ (bet. talus and cuneiforms), and 1st
(medial), 2nd (intermediate), and 3rd (lateral) ____________
4. _______________ - 5 foot bones numbered from I (medial) to V (lateral)
5. _____________ - 14 toe bones in proximal, medial, and distal arrangement like
fingers, no medial bone in big toe (________)