Anatomy 32 - Human Anatomy
Chapter 8 - The Appendicular Skeleton
Pectoral (shoulder) & Pelvic (hip) girdles plus their appendages (arms and legs)
I.
_____________ (shoulder) Girdles - attaches bones of the upper extremities (______) to the
axial skeleton; consists of two bones:
A. __________ (collarbone) - S-shaped bone that articulates with the sternum manubrium
on its __________ end (round) and with the scapular acromion on its lateral
___________ end (flat) with conoid tubercle
B. ________ (shoulder blade) - triangular-shaped bone that articulates with the __________
head within the ___________ fossa (cavity)
1.
Posterior side has the scapular ________, above which is the ______ spinous fossa
and below which is the ______spinous fossa; the acromion process is the spine’s
lateral extension
2.
Anterior side has the _______________ fossa and coracoid process (attachment for
biceps muscle)
II. Upper Extremities (_____ bones) extend from the pectoral girdles
A. Brachium (arm) = __________ - articulates with the _________ proximally and the
__________ and __________ distally
1.
Proximal end - consists of head, neck, greater and lesser __________, between
which is the ______tubercular (bicipital) groove
2.
Distal end - anterior side consists of the lateral epicondyle, ___________ (art. with
radius), above which is the radial fossa, medial epicondyle, __________ (art. with
ulna), above which is the coronoid fossa. Posterior side has ______________ fossa
3.
Between proximal and distal ends is the __________ tuberosity
B. Antebrachium (____________)
1. __________ - on little finger (medial) side of arm
a. Proximal end has _________ notch (with coronoid process) that art. with
humerus and ___________ notch that art. with radius, _______________ process
forms elbow
b.
2.
Distal end has ulna head with __________ process; art. with wrist carpals
_____________ - on thumb (lateral) side of arm
a.
Proximal end has disc-shaped head that art. with humerus ____________ and
ulnar radial notch; radial ____________ is attachment site for biceps tendon
b.
Distal end has ________ process (lateral) and _________ notch (medial) that art.
with the ulna
C. _____________ (wrist bones) - 8 bones in 2 rows
1. Proximal row, lateral to medial: ___________, ____________, ____________,
_____________.
2
2.
Distal row, lateral to medial: ___________, _____________, __________,
____________.
3.
Carpal _________ - formed by the pisiform, hamate, scaphoid, trapezium, and flexor
retinaculum ligament. Median _______ passing through tunnel may become
compressed, leading to carpal tunnel ____________.
D. _______________ - 5 bones in ________ of hand, numbered I (thumb) through V (little
finger).
E. ___________ (fingers) - 14 bones.
Proximal, medial, and distal bones for each finger,
excluding the medial phalanx of the _____ (thumb).
III. ____________ (hip) Girdle
A. Pelvis consists of 2 ________ (hip) bones, ________, and ________; serves as
attachment for lower limbs to trunk, supports vertebral column and ____________.
B. The ossa coxae are united anteriorly at the __________________ and attach to the
_________ posteriorly
C. Three bones compose each coxal bone: the _________, _______, and _______, which
are fused at the __________ (hip socket) and surround the __________ foramen (closed
by fibrous membrane)
1.
Major ___________ landmarks include
a.
Lateral - illiac ____, anterior & posterior superior & inferior _______, greater
________ notch, anterior, posterior, and inferior __________ lines
b.
Medial - same as above, except for gluteal lines, plus the iliac _____________,
auricular surface, and _________ line
2.
Major ________ (seat bone) landmarks include the ishial _____ & tuberosity, lesser
________ notch, and inferior ishial _______
3.
Major _______ landmarks include the superior & inferior ____, pubic tubercle &
crest, and ____________ surface
D. Sex-related ______________ in the pelvis
1. Male pelvis is __________ than the female pelvis
2. Male pelvic inlet is _______-shaped, female’s is _____ or round
3. Male pelvic outlet is narrower, female’s is __________
4. Male pubic arch angle is ____-___, female’s is ___-____
IV. Lower Extremities (_____ bones)
A. Thigh
1. __________ (thigh bone) - longest, thickest bone in body
a. Proximal end has head & _____________ that art. with the ______________, ,
greater and lesser ___________, femur neck, ________trochanteric line &
crest
3
b.
Distal end has medial and lateral __________ that art. with ________, medial &
lateral epicondyles; ________ surface & intercondylar fossa are between the
condyles
c.
Body of femur has the ________ tuberosity and linea _____
2.
_________ - knee cap; patellar __________ attaches patella to the tibial
______________
B. Lower leg
1. ___________ (shinbone) - larger of 2 lower leg bones
2.
a.
Proximal end has medial & lateral _________ that art. with femur, intercondylar
_____________, medial & lateral epicondyles, and the tibial _____________
b.
Distal end has medial ____________ (inner ankle bone), which art. with talus
bone of ankle
___________ - smaller of 2 bones
a.
b.
3.
Proximal end has fibula head, art. with ____ lateral condyle
Distal end has lateral ___________ (outer ankle bone), art. with _________
_______ - 7 ankle bones, include: _______ (ankle), _________ (heel), ____________
(bet. calcaneous, 4th and 5th metatarsal), ___________ (bet. talus and cuniforms), and
1st (medial), 2nd (intermediate), and 3rd (lateral) _____________
4. ______________ - 5 foot bones numbered from I (medial) to V (lateral)
5. ____________ - 14 toe bones in proximal, medial, and distal arrangement like
fingers, no medial bone in big toe (_______)