The whole
planet
________
is made
rocks
of ______and
minerals
____________.
pure
A mineral is a _____
the same
substance--it is ___________
all the way through.
That means that a mineral is
either an _________or
a
element
compound
_____________.
All rocks are made of two or
minerals
more _________.
Crystals
_________________
are
minerals that have had enough
room to develop into the shape
they were meant to be.
Quartz
crystals from
Arkansas
https:/.../images/ArkansasCrystal867.jpg
Copper sulfate
crystals.
http://z.about.com/d/chemistry/1/0/e/P
/coppersulfate.jpg
The chemicals that make up
a mineral determine the
____________
of the
shape
crystals
______________
it forms.
Earth Cross-Section
Inner Core
Outer Core
Mantle
Crust
Earth Cross-Section
crust
Earth’s ________
is made up
of rocks and minerals.
Much of the crust is covered
ice
by ___________,
liquid water ________,
sand
soil
_________and
_______.
If you dig deep enough, you
will always hit rocks.
The crust includes all the
soil _________.
horizons
The crust is less than
____
1% of the total mass of
Earth.
Earth Cross-Section
 The mantle is the
solid casing of the Earth.
_____
The mantle makes up
about _______
of Earth’s
70%
mass.
______________comes
Some magma
mantle
from the __________.
Earth Cross-Section
Inner core is ______,
solid
___________
outer core is _______.
liquid
___________
Some magma
______________
comes
from the __________.
outer core
Made mainly of _______
iron
and
nickel
________.
30% of
Makes up about ___
Earth’s mass.
Constant
recycling
___________________
of
material in
______________________
Earth’s crust
http://www.matt-willard.com/artwork/design/Rock-Cycle.jpg
http://www.mattwillard.com/Artwo
rk/Graphic_Desig
n/Rock-Cycle.jpg
Igneous rock 1._____________
molten rock that cools and
solidifies.
www.beg.utexas.edu
library.thinkquest.org
2._______________rock
Sedimentary
layers of rock fragments that
were compressed and
cemented together.
They often
contain
fossils
__________.
www.lifefamilytraining.com
Metamorphic rocks –
3.________________
igneous or sedimentary rocks
that have been compressed and
heated
without melting
_______________________.
MARBLE
www.geology.neab.net
Igneous rocks form when hot
______________
liquid rock cools
and changes into a
__________.
solid
molten rock is
This __________
magma
called __________.
The process of ___________
melted rock
changing into ___________
solid rock is
solidification
called _____________.
cnsm.csulb.edu
uraniumminerals.com
keith.martin.home.att.net
two
There are ________
main types of igneous
rock, depending on
_________________
where the magma
_______.
cools
________
Intrusive igneous
rocks: ______
magma cools
somewhere inside
Earth’s _______.
crust
This type of rock cools
off very _______.
slowly
www.windows.ucar.edu/.../ig_intrusive.html
3dparks.wr.usgs.gov/carrizo/html/b014.htm
________
Extrusive igneous
rocks: magma ______
erupts
from a ________
volcano and
cools ________
quickly on the
_________.
surface
http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/vwdocs/vwlesso
ns/lessons/Slideshow/Igrocks/Obsidian6.jpg
Igneous rocks usually
crystals
contain _________.
http://www.teacherstech.org/mackensteinre/PEGMATITE_big.jpg
Crystals are ______
large if
the magma cooled
_______.
slowly
They are ______
small if the
magma cooled _______.
quickly
www.outreach.canterbury.ac.nz/.../page6.shtml
library.thinkquest.org
Crystal Cave of
Giants
Largest Crystals Ever Found On
Earth Discovered in Mexico
http://www.canyonsworldwide.com
http://www.canyonsworldwide.com
http://www.canyonsworldwide.com
http://www.canyonsworldwide.com
http://www.canyonsworldwide.com
http://www.canyonsworldwide.com
Because of the high
heat, igneous rocks
______
never contain
_______.
fossils
Sedimentary rocks form when
__________
weathered bits of existing
rocks erode and combine with
decomposing organic matter.
This mixture is called
sediment
______________.
Sediments are carried into
bodies of water and pile up on
top of each other over millions
of years.
www.pacificislandtravel.com
When sediments are
dropped off into bodies of
water, this process is called
deposition
__________.
higheredbcs.wiley.com
picasaweb.google.com
Their own weight plus the weight
of the water above them causes
pressure to build up.
__________
pressure squeezes out the
The _________
water and compresses the
sediments together.
This process is called
compaction
_________________.
Sometimes, organic matter
fossils
forms ________.
http://ls.berkeley.edu/files/images/jellyfish_fossils-lg.jpg
The sediments bond together
into sedimentary rock.
This process is called
cementation
_______________
Sedimentary rock is usually
layers which
built up in _________
are visible when you examine a
rock sample.
www.wellcollc.com
library.thinkquest.org
Metamorphic rocks form when
igneous or ____________
sedimentary
________
rocks are _________
changed by
_________
pressure and _____
heat but
without ________.
________
melting
An existing rock
may heat up if it
comes near
_________.
magma
stloe.most.go.th
A rock may also get heat
and pressure if a section
of Earth’s crust moves
over it.
These sections of crust
are called
tectonic plates
__________________.
www.scienceclarified.com
www.waterencyclopedia.com
Metamorphic rocks usually
contain _________
crystals and
may be _____
hard and
shiny
_____.
flake
They sometimes ______
into ______.
layers
library.thinkquest.org
www.global-b2b-network.com
www.outdoorfloors.net
Metamorphic rocks have
the same
chemical make-up
____________________
as the rocks they were
made from.
www.littlenaturemuseum.org/new.html
topex.ucsd.edu/.../lecture10/lecture10.html
DRAW THIS CHART ON THE BACK OF YOUR NOTES
COMMON USES OF ROCKS
Rock Type
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Example
Granite
Coal
Marble
Use
1. Countertops
Example
Pumice
Use
1. Soap
2. Sculpture
2. Toothpaste
3. Tombstones
3. Erasers
1. Energy
Limestone
1. Improve soils
2. Fingernail Polish
2. Gravel
3. Steel
3. Buildings
1. Countertops
2. Sculpture
3. Paper
Slate
1. Roofing
2. Blackboards
Knife
3.
Sharpening