Lab Safety Lecture
ChE 432-Section 1 & 2
Su Ha & Van Wie
Outlines
•Permission to Start Experiments
•Why is Safety important?
•Federal Laws
•Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
•Laboratory Safety Equipment
•Chemical Spill Management
•Methods of Process Hazards Analysis
Permission to Start Experiments
Due this Friday (9/3) at 5PM
Submit the following items to lab instructor for approval:
1. list of credible hazards associated with your experiment
2. consequences of hazards
3. mitigation of hazards
4. process flow diagram (Some groups need to redo it)
5. experiment startup procedure
6. operating procedure
7. shutdown procedure
8. emergency shutdown procedure
9. MSDS sheets of any chemicals used
10.plan for waste disposal
11.Experimental plans
12.Safety Checklist
Why is Safety important?
• Legal Requirement and Federal Law
• Financial Implications
• Own Desire to Work in Safe Environments
• Moral Responsibility Not To Endanger Other People
Federal Laws
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Bloodborne Pathogens. Concerns about workplace exposures to blood-borne
pathogens led the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to
issue regulation 29CFR 1910.1030 in 1991. Employers are required to prepare a
plan to control blood-borne pathogen exposure, including the adoption of
universal precautions to prevent exposure to blood-borne pathogens such as HIV
and Hepatitis B. This statute applies not only to blood but to other body fluids.
Hazard Communication Standard (Right to Know). In 1983 the Federal
Hazard Communication Standard (29CFR 1910.1200) became law. Basically, this
law requires employers whose employees use toxic substances to provide these
employees with (1) material safety data sheets (MSDS) that describe the
properties, safe handling, and health hazards of the toxic materials; (2) labeling of
all toxic substances with product name and a hazard warning; and (3) annual
training on the hazards of toxic substances, safe handling procedures, and how to
read MSDS.
Federal Laws (Continued)
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The Environmental Protection Agency
regulates the disposal of hazardous wastes, including wastes from academic
laboratories. The following websites offer more information on this topic:
http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/index.html - Source for Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR)
http://www.epa.gov - Environmental Protection Agency
What are Hazardous Chemicals?
Hazardous chemicals are any products or materials that present any
physical or health hazards when used, unless they are exempted
under the law.
In ETRL 4, any chemicals (including a tape water) should be
considered as a hazardous chemical and you must wear gloves, eye
goggles and helmets at all times.
Material Safety Data Sheets
(MSDS)
A Material Data Safety Sheet, prepared by the chemical manufacturer in
accordance with OSHA's Haz-Com Standard, indicates the hazard and safe
handling information for a chemical.
http://www.ehs.wsu.edu/ohs/ohs-MSDS.html
MSDS Contents
1. Identification of substance
2. Composition/Data on components
3. Hazards identification
4. First aid measures
5. Fire fighting measures
6. Spill cleanup measures
7. Handling and storage
8. Exposure controls and personal protection
9. Physical and chemical properties
10. Stability and reactivity
11. Toxicological information
12. Ecological information
13. Disposal considerations
14. Transport information
15. Regulations
16. Other information
Hazardous Materials Identification
System (Fire Diamond)
The National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA)
In section 704 of the National Fire Code,
specifies a system for identifying the hazards
associated with materials
Hazardous Materials Identification
System (Fire Diamond)
Hazardous Materials Identification
System (Fire Diamond)
Hazardous Materials Identification
System (Color Bar)
Laboratory Safety Equipment
1. Laboratory Safety Manual
(http://www.ehs.wsu.edu/LSM/wsulsmhome.asp)
2. safety shower (1)
3. eye wash station (3)
4. fire extinguisher in lab and closest extinguisher in hall
5. Fire Blanket
6. fire alarm in lab and closest alarm in hallway
7. first-aid kit
8. telephone and emergency number
9. lab safety manual
10.chemical spill kit (understand the contents)
11.Telephone
Chemical Spill Management
Each WSU laboratory must decide how it will manage hazardous chemical spills.
The laboratory (1) may opt to clean up its own spills, (2) may initiate the university's
emergency response system by calling 911 and reporting a chemical spill, or may (3)
institute a combination of the two.
• For ChE 432 Class, you directly report any chemical spills to your lab
instructors!!
• Do Not Clean them yourself unless your lab instructors give you the
permission to do so!!
If one breaks a mercury thermometer during normal business hours call 335-3041
for assistance.
Methods of Process Hazards
Analysis
On July 17, 1990, OSHA issued a proposed rule for the management of
hazards associated with processes using highly hazardous chemicals.
This rule, called the Process Safety Management standard, was finalized
on February 24, 1992. In an appendix to the proposed rule, OSHA
discussed several methods of process hazard analysis. That discussion,
which may be helpful for those doing job hazard analyses, follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What-if
Checklist
What-if/Checklist
Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP)
Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)
Fault Tree Analysis
Please Read a Handout of
OSHA methods of PHA !!!
Choice of method depends on complexity of process
Methods of Process Hazards
Analysis
What-if. For relatively uncomplicated processes, review the process from
raw materials to product. At each handling or processing step, "what if"
questions are formulated and answered, to evaluate the effects of
component failures or procedural errors on the process.
Guide Words
NONE
MORE OF
LESS OF
PART OF
MORE THAN
OTHER THAN
Example Deviations
no flow
higher flow, pressure etc..
less flow, pressure etc..
wrong composition
more components, more phases etc..
Case Study
First Chemical Corporation accident
Type of Unit Operation: mono-nitrotoluene distillation column
Accident Descriptions: column taken off line->entire facility shut down->plant
boilers brought back->1200 gallons of MNT in column was heated to 450oF->column
ruptured and exploded
Damages: 3 workers injured, a 13,500 lb chunk of the column was blown 1,100 ft
away (landed across street in Chevron refinery), the 7 ft diameter head of the
column was never found, all the structured packing was blown out & started burning
Root Causes of Accident
•failure to understand thermal decomposition of MNT
•no formal hazard analysis
•column not equipped with sufficient layers of protection
•no effective system for ensuring consistent work practices when isolating equipment
•MSDS didn’t give proper caution about MNT
So not only design important but also maintenance and operating procedures!!