AfiLab
The Tool for
Ketosis
OABP Meeting – November 14, 2012
Jeff Durkin, DVM
Application Specialist afimilk USA
jeff@afimilk.com
360 610 1554
Ketosis and Negative Energy Balance
• Very common in high producing herds
• High losses
• Sub clinical ketosis (SCK) >>> Clinical ketosis (CK)
Ketosis and Production
• Ketosis, leads to a gradual loss of appetite
• Lowers milk production
Peak, Persistency and Negative Energy Balance (NEB) 1st
Lactations Cows* (8882 cows in 86 herds)
peak
persistency
90.0
84.3
84.8
89
70.0
60.0
50.0
88.5
88
89.2
87.5
87.6
40.0
30.0
87
86.5
Others
NEB
1 % persistency = 304.0 lbs in 305 days
* Oded Nir, 2010
Persistency (%)
Peak (lbs/day)
80.0
89.5
Sub-Clinical Ketosis (SCK) - Losses
• 100 herds average of 840 cows (range 265-2770)
• 2785 cows tested
• Cows with Sub-clinical ketosis:
o Reduction of 14%-18% of conception rate
o Less 453 kg/lactation (305 days)
o Increase culling rate
Nydam, 2011
Sub-Clinical Ketosis - Treatment
• 4 herds - 1717 cow tested
o Sub clinical ketosis definition BHBA=1.2-2 mmole/L
o 43% of the cows with SCK (range 26.4-55.7%)
o Propylene Glycol treatment – shorten time for
recovery, decrease clinical ketosis and DA events,
improve milk production and fertility
Nydam, 2011
Negative Energy Balance by Days in Milk (DIM)
% with fat/protein >1.4
Cows with NEB in milk tests
1st lact.
2nd lact.
≥3rd lact.
35.0%
30.0%
25.0%
20.0%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
5 - 15
16 - 30
DIM
Adapted from: Oded Nir
31 - 45
Clinical Ketosis Vs. Sub-Clinical Ketosis
2603 lactations of multiparous cows in 7 herds (1982-1984)
From: Oded Nir
Questions That Every Herdsman Must Ask
• How do I find ketosis?
• When do I check cows for ketosis?
• What is the ketosis rate in my herd?
The AfiLab Way….
• Fat:Protein ratio
• Early detection
• Continuous monitoring - every day all
the day
Milk
fat
Milk
protein
Fat:Protein Ratio
•
Correlation between metabolic diseases and milk
components
•
Ketosis (NEB) – Fat/Protein Ratio (FPR)> 1.351.50 (Heuer et. al., 1999)
Diagnosing Ketosis using AfiLab data
•
A field trial (395 cows sample)
• The “gold standard”: Serum BHBA >1.4 mmol/l
• Rate of ketosis 21.0%
• Models:
Model
Fat/protein ratio Sensitivity Specificity
Daily
High
48.5%
80.7%
Milking
Low
80.9%
51.7%
Daily List of “Ketotic” Cows
(5 to 45 DIM)
 Cows high probability
(80. 7%) of being “ketotic”
 Cows moderate
probability (51.7%) of
being “ketotic”
Based on a study field preformed by Afimilk Applied Research Team.
Shkulnik et al, 2009
Diurnal patterns of plasma BHBA
(Beta-hydroxybutyrice acid)
From: Meier et al., 2010
AfiLab – Negative Energy Balance
Undetected Cows
300
X
0.3
Cows with NEB
after calving
Cows
90
X
NEB Cow
0.5
X
=
220
45
Undetected Cows
=
Lost Liters
1.6% Persistency Lost
Undetected Cows
Liters
90
NEB Cows
Cows with NEB that will not
be treated for Ketosis
45
9,900
=
X
$0.56
Liters
~
Per liter in Israel
Profit of $5,500 per Year
14
9,900
$5,500
Per Year
AfiLab – Early Treatment for NEB Cows
45
X
Ketosis
Cows
4,500 X
Liters
100
Liter loss
$0.56
Per liter in Israel
=
4,500
Liters
~ $2,500
Per Year
Profit of $2,500 per Year
15
AfiLab – Open Days Improvement
45
Untreated
Cows
945
Days
X
X
21
=
945
Additional open
Days
days per cow
$4
~ $3,780
Per Day
Per Year
Profit of $3,780 per Year
16
AfiLab - Negative Energy Balance Profit
300 milking cow herd
17
Undetected Cow
$5,500
Early Ketosis Treatment
$2,500
Open Days
$3,780
Per Year Profit
$11,780
Afilab The Tool for Ketosis
•
Ketosis – high impact on dairy cows production
and fertility
•
Fat:Protein ratio indication for ketosis
•
AFiLab – continuous monitoring
•
Expected benefit - 40$/cow/year
What is wrong
with cow 919?
Milk
Cow 919 have
high fat:protein
ration
Milk
Fat %
So cow 919 is OK
the AfiLab is
wrong…
A NEB in an Italian Herd (based on a Herd Health
Report for the period 11/10-10/11)
• 220 Holstein cows
• The extended 305 days milk yield is 10,981 kg
• All cows are checked routinely for ketosis 5 to 12
days postpartum
% pregnancy to 1st AI
with NEB
30.0
21.1
% open >150 DIM
without NEB
25.7
38.6
16.7
16.0
0.0
First
Second
lactation
with NEB
without NEB
53.6
41.3 41.6
38.9
≥Third
0.0
First
Second
lactation
A cow with a fat/protein ratio >1.4 in the milk tests carried out 5 to 35 DIM was
defined to be in a state of a NEB
Next 3 slides based on: Oded Nir
≥Third
A NEB in an Italian Herd (based on a Herd Health
Report for the period 11/10-10/11)
Comparing the milk test results to the cows
diagnosed with ketosis
Number of cows with fat/protein ratio >1.4 in the first milk test with no diagnosis of ketosis
high fat/protein & ketosis low fat/protein, no ketosis
21
124
low fat/protein & ketosis
24
high fat/protein, no ketosis
45
• Ketosis rate – 42% (90/214)
• 45 cows detected out of 90 cases (50%)
Total annual financial loss is estimated at US$ 11,685
US$ 61.4/cow in the herd
• Why so many cows are missed?
• The answer lies in the profile of the NEB in this herd:
a late ketosis!
Cows in negative energy balance by lactation
first
second
third or more
% with fat/protein >1.4
60.0%
40.0%
20.0%
0.0%
15 - 5
30 - 16
Days in Milk
45 - 31
• What can he do more?
o Improve the feeding in the transition period? He tried!
o Use feed additives? He tried!
o Check all cows for ketosis everyday? Not practical?!!
Afilab
Now let’s talk about feeding ….
Thank you
AfiLab – Real Time Milk Analyzer
• Daily milk component measurement
device
 Fat
 Protein
 Lactose
• Quality Control Alerts
 On line blood detection, alerting and stop milking
(Panel lock)
On Going Development
SCC non labeled (clean) detection of
four levels:
I. Less than 200K
II. 200-400K
III. 400-800K
IV. More than 800
Technological Discipline
Optical characteristics of light scattering off matter
Multivariate analysis of
absorbance Spectrum of
milk in near infra-red
AfiLab Concept
Automated coupling of the “lab” to each stall
in real time
• Free flow
• Continuously measures milk components
during milking
• Provides daily milk analysis for animal health and
performance
• Easy maintenance
• Part of the regular cleaning system in the milking
parlor
• Clean Measurement – No use of reagents needed
• Affordable for every milking point
Multiple Sampling VS. Single
Periodic Sampling
Real Life
%Fat
%6
XiRefL
Afilab
XiA
Estimation…
XP
Periodic lab samplings
Periodic lab samplings
5%
%5
30
32
Days
Day-to-day Variation for Individual Cows
• During a week’s time, is milk fat % for a given
cow better determined using 14 measures (each
milking) by AfiLab or 2 consecutive measures (1
day) by an Infra-red lab?
o 30 Holstein Cows averaging 40.7 kg/d of milk
o Milk sampled for 14 consecutive milkings (7 days)
o Milk composition analyzed by
 AFI-lab
 DHIA lab using Bentley NIR equipment (FL)
o Milk sample collection began the day after
recalibration of AFI
University of Florida (Staples et al., 2011)
Daily Variation in Milk Fat % Across 7 Days of
Sampling (DHIA Lab) for Cow 15891
3.80%
7-day Mean of 3.11%
2.75%
2.51%
From: Staples et al., 2011
Day-to-day Variation for Individual Cows
Results:
Using 2x milking data, 39.7% (73/184) of daily
measures of milk fat% by DHIA were more than
0.2 percentage units from the weekly average (i.e.
3 of 7 days)
Conclusion:
When AfiLab is accurate, AfiLab measures
averaged across 14 milkings can be a more
reliable tool for measure of weekly milk fat % than
NIR when milk samples are collected at two
consecutive milkings
University of Florida (Staples et al., 2011)
Milk Quality
Mastitis Alert - Lactose
• Sub-clinical mastitis detection and
improve clinical mastitis detection
 15-20% of milking cows are infected
 Early treatment improve milk production
• Concept:
 Lactose sharply drops during clinical events
 Some bacteria (sub-clinical) decrease lactose
level
Clinical mastitis
Milk Quality – Blood
Milk Quality – Milk Separation
High Prot %
Low fat %
Blood, SCC
Good Quality Milk