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Enzymes are biological catalysts
We produce these chemicals, to speed up or
slow down biological changes
Enzymes are proteins, long chain molecules
of amino acids
Enzyme catalysts are not changed or used up
Each enzyme is substance/substrate specific
It fits exactly the substance to be changed
Enzymes need the right pH and temperature
They are denatured by overheating.
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Enzymes from microorganisms have many
uses
Proteases and lipases are used in the
manufacture of biological detergents
Proteases, carbohydrases and isomerase are
used in food manufacture
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Enzymes are used in
Biological Washing powders to digest food
stains- protease and lipase enzymes are
found in biological washing powders
These washing powders work at lower
temperatures so save money
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Protease enzymes to pre digest proteins in
baby food
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Suggest why baby food may need some of the
protein food pre digested
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These enzymes convert glucose to fructose.
Fructose is much sweeter than glucose so
less is needed in foods so they are less
fattening so often used in slimming foods
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These change starch to sugar syrup for use in
foods we use alot of glucose syrup in in food
production- look at food labels
Starch is cheap as it is made from corn starch
so this is a cheap way of producing sweetness
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In industry enzymes can be used to speed up
reactions at low temperatures and normal
pressures- very useful as many processes
would need high temperatures and high
pressures to run fast enough without the
enzymes
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Enzymes are very sensitive to their
surroundings
The temperatures must be kept down – below
45 degrees centigrade
pH must be controlled
it costs money to control these things
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You have to give the microbes food and
oxygen to make the enzyme and remove
waste products
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List 3 enzymes and how they are used in the
food industry
Explain why biological washing powders are
more effective than non biological ones at
lower temperatures
But they are not more effective at high
temperatures
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Be able to explain how biological detergents
work
Describe some ways in which enzymes are
used in the food industry