Unit: Chemical
Reactions
Types of Chemical Reactions: Single
Replacement
After today you will be able to…
• Identify a single replacement reaction
• Predict the products in words for
single replacement reactions
Predicting Products
3. Single Replacement: An element and
compound react to form a different
element and compound
Common form:
Element + Compound  Element +Compound
A + BC  AC + B
Predicting Products
• These reactions do not always
occur.
• You must use the “activity series”
sheet
• “Like will replace like” – metals
always replace metals, etc.
Examples of single replacements:
Activity Series of Metals
(and Hydrogen)
Listed in order of decreasing activity.
lithium
(1) A metal in a compound is replacedpotassium
by a more
barium
strontium
active metal
calcium
?
Must use the activity series!
sodium
cesium
beryllium
magnesium
aluminum
zinc
chromium
gallium
iron
cobalt
nickel
tin
lead
hydrogen
copper
mercury
silver
lithium + zinc acetate  zinc + lithium acetate
(Metal)
(Metal)
Lithium is more reactive than zinc.
Examples of single replacements:
Activity Series of Metals
(and Hydrogen)
Listed in order of decreasing activity.
?
lithium
potassium
barium
strontium
calcium
sodium
cesium
beryllium
magnesium
aluminum
zinc
chromium
gallium
iron
cobalt
nickel
tin
lead
hydrogen
copper
mercury
silver
copper + aluminum sulfate  NO REACTION
(Metal)
(Metal)
Copper is lower on activity series and
therefore is less reactive than aluminum.
Examples of single replacements:
Activity Series of Metals
(and Hydrogen)
Listed in order of decreasing activity.
?
lithium
potassium
barium
strontium
calcium
sodium
cesium
beryllium
magnesium
aluminum
zinc
chromium
gallium
iron
cobalt
nickel
tin
lead
hydrogen
copper
mercury
silver
+ lead
lead (II) carbonate + barium barium
carbonate
(Metal)
(Metal)
No Roman Numeral necessary!
Activity Series of Metals
(and Hydrogen)
Examples of single replacements:
Listed in order of decreasing activity.
lithium
potassium
barium
strontium
calcium
sodium
cesium
beryllium
magnesium
aluminum
zinc
chromium
gallium
iron
cobalt
nickel
tin
lead
hydrogen
copper
mercury
silver
(2) Hydrogen in water is replaced by a more
active metal
hydrogen hydroxide
sodium + water  sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
Tip: Change water into “hydrogen hydroxide.”
Activity Series of Metals
(and Hydrogen)
Examples of single replacements:
Listed in order of decreasing activity.
lithium
potassium
barium
strontium
calcium
sodium
cesium
beryllium
magnesium
aluminum
zinc
chromium
gallium
iron
cobalt
nickel
tin
lead
hydrogen
copper
mercury
silver
(3) Hydrogen in acid is replaced by a more
active metal
hydrogen phosphate
calcium
+ hydrogen
calcium + phosphoric acid  phosphate
Tip: Change acid names into their ionic name.
Examples of single replacements:
(4) A non-metal in a compound is replaced by a
more active non- metal
Activity Series of Non-Metals
Listed in order of decreasing
activity.
magnesium + iodine
fluorine
fluorine + magnesium iodide  fluoride
chlorine
(Non-metal)
(Non-metal)
bromine
iodine
Tip: Watch your endings! Make sure nonmetals replace non-metals!