The Periodic Table
Elements in the Periodic Table
Groups
Periods
Introduction to Terminologies
Groups
Periods
 Periodic table: It is the
tabular display of
chemical elements.
 Group: A group or a
family is a vertical
column in the periodic
table
 Period : The horizontal
row in a periodic table is
called a period.
Details in the Periodic Table
• Atomic Number
= number of electrons
= number of protons
• Atomic Mass
= number of (protons
+ neutrons)
Groups
• 18 groups in standard periodic table,
numbered from 1 to 18, as per IUPAC
standards.
• Elements in a group have similar
configurations of the outermost shells, leading
to similar properties.
Group Names
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Group 1: Alkali metals
Group 2: Alkaline earth metals
Group 3-11 : Transition Metals
Group 11: Coinage metals/Copper
Family
Group 12-14: Metalloids &
nonmetals
Group 15: Pnictogens /Nitrogen
Family
Group 16: Chalcogens /Oxygen
Family
Group 17: Halogens /Halide
Family
Group 18: Noble gases
Periods
• There are 7 periods in the table.
• Elements of the same period have the same
number of electron shells.
• Within each group across a period, the
number of electrons and protons increases,
leading to increase in atomic number.
• Elements within the same period do not
generally show similarity in properties, except
d-block and f-block (lanthanides) elements.
Trends in the Periodic Table
• Trends occur due to the
electronic configurations
of elements.
• Across a period, electrons
of the outermost shell,
experience increased
nuclear attraction due to
increase in atomic
number.
• Down a group, nuclear
attraction decreases due
to “shielding effect”.
Periodic Trends - Summary
Classification of Elements in Periodic
Table
Classification depends on
the difference in physical
and chemical properties
of elements:
• Metals (yellow )
• Nonmetals (green)
• Metalloids (purple)
Properties of Metals
• Shiny solids at room temperature, except
mercury.
• Good conductor of both heat and electricity.
• High melting point and density.
• Shiny and lustrous.
• Ductile and malleable.
• Metals can be alloyed.
Properties of Nonmetals
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Insulators of heat and electricity.
Dull surface.
Low density, compared to metals.
Low melting temperatures.
Brittle solids
Element of the UP – Copper..!!!
• Symbol – Cu, from the Latin
word cuprum
• Atomic number – 29
• Classification – Transition
Metal
• Appearance – Reddish, with
a bright metallic luster
• Position in the Periodic
table: Group 11 and Period
4.
• Melting Point: 1356 K (1981
oF)
Alloys of Copper
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Brass – Cu and Zn
Red Brass/Gunmetal – Cu, Zn and Sn
Phosphor Bronze/Bronze – Cu and Sn
Aluminum Bronze – Cu and Al
Silicon Bronze – Cu and Si
Monel – Ni and Cu
Applications of Cu
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Piping
Electrical applications
Architecture
Household products
Coinage
Chemical applications
Miscellaneous
Cu – The Miracle Element
• http://www.ebaumsworld.com/video/watch/
80906854/