Prepared by:
Tshepo Motimedi (NWU), Happy Vilakazi (UJ), Kefilwe Thoane (NWU),
Ntombizikhona. B Ndlovu (SU), Darya Adamchyk(BLR), Tatsiana Lapatsentava(BLR),
Alexandr Petrov (BLR), Elena Govor (BLR)
Supervisor: Prof M. V. Frontasyeva. (FLNP)
Contents
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Introduction.
INAA Technique
Sample Preparations
Analytical Technique and practical's
γ-Spectroscopy
Summary
Applications of INAA
References
Founder of FLNP
FRANK LABORATORY OF NEUTRON PHYSICS
JOINT INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH
1956
 Ilґja Mikhailovich Frank (1908-1990)
 The Nobel Prize winner in Physics
Introduction
 Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) is a sensitive
multi-element analytical technique used for both
qualitative and quantitative analysis of major, minor,
trace and rare elements
 NAA was discovered in 1936 by G. Hevesy
(Hungary) and H. Levi (Denmark)
Method for NAA
 Destructive (Radiochemical), the elements of the
resulting radioactive sample undergoes decomposition
and chemical separation process.
 Non Destructive (Instrumental), chemical
separation is not performed, and therefore the
resulting radioactive sample is not decomposed to
elemental fragments.
NAA Principle
Neutron source
C h4
 IBR-2 Pulsed Fast Reactor
C h3
C h0
BS
C h2
C h1
Cd
S
BS
RCB
U
SM
DC V
L
32
SU
d28
R
d28
R1
d16
D
D
D
R2
AA
CB
R3
CC
IBM
PC
INAA Procedure
.
.
Sample
preparation
Neutron
irradiation of
samples
Count
time
Decay
time
Decay of radioactivity
Decay periods between
15s – 7 days
Measurement of γ-ray spectra of samples and standards with HPGe-detector
Evaluation of the γ-ray spectra using a
computer program
Calculation of element
content giving results in
µg/g
8
Sample preparation
Sample preparation
Samples
 Al encapsulation, long
irradiation
 Encapsulation in special
designed bags, short
irradiation
Neutron flux spectrum
X-section of Cd-113
Cd cut-off
13
γ- Spectroscopy
Detector
Detector Calibration
Summary
Applications of INAA at IBR-2
Material Sciences
Life Sciences



Biomonitoring of atmospheric
deposition of heavy metals and
other
elements (Project REGATA)
Control of quality and safety of
foodstuffs, grown in industrially
contaminated areas of RF and
South Africa (grant of SA)



Analysis of archaeological and
museum objects from Russian and
other countries

NAA for decommissioning of Nuclear
Power Plants and utilization of
industrial wastes
Assessment of different
ecosystems
and their impact on human health
Biotechnologies: development of new
pharmaceuticals, cleaning the
environment from toxic elements
(biosorption) and synthesis of
nanoparticles
NAA for the technological process of
synthesis of diamonds and NB (boron
nitride)
Conclusion
 Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) is a useful
method for the simultaneous determination of
major, minor and trace elements of geological,
environmental and biological samples in ppb-ppm
range with or without chemical separation.
Reference
 P. Bode: Instrumental and organizational aspects of a
neutron activation analysis laboratoty
 http://www.sciner.com/Neutron/naa.html
 http://reactor.engr.wisc.edu/naa/
 http://tin.er.usgs.gov/geochem/doc/inaa.htm
 http://reactor.engr.wisc.edu/naa/UWNRNAA.htm
 http://www.reak.bme.hu/Wigner_Course/WignerManuals/
Budapest/NEUTRON_ACTIVATION_ANALYSIS.htm
 http://archaeometry.missouri.edu/naa_overview.html
Dream Team
Spasibo!