Quality assurance in Indo-Flux through traceability to Indian NMI - NPL New Delhi
Prabhat K. Gupta
Scientist F & Head
Analytical Chemistry Section
National Physical Laboratory (NPL)
New Delhi-110012, India
(E-mail: prabhat@mail.nplindia.ernet.in)

Major Related Areas
Setup of GC facility (DST
Funded) at NPL in 1985-86
MC-91
ALGAS-MAC98
INDOEX
NATCOM-1
(NATCOM-2)
Network Mode Measurements
ISRO-GBP: Bibex
ISRO-GBP: LC1 / LC2
MC-91, ALGAS-MAC98 [16 Institutions]
NATCOM [ Agriculture Sector : LS, RWS, Agr-Soils and Residue Burning]
(Precipitation)
Dry/ Wet Deposition
NPL Chemical Metrology, IRM-CRM [33 Institutions]
QA/QC, Standardization, National & International Traceability
High altitude/
Measurements
Campaign mode observations
GHG-Agriculture, Trace Gases & Aerosols, Chemical
Characterization

Envisat-SCIAMACHY measurements are averaged over the time period of Aug. through Nov. 2003 on a 1º x 1º horizontal grid.

International Measurement Systems
(SI Units)
National Physical Laboratory-India
The Referral Laboratory
Quality
Management
System
CRMs Calibration
Energy, Industry and
Road Transport
Sector
Agriculture,
Livestock and
Waste Sector
Forestry, Land use & Land
Cover Change
Sector
QA/ QC Institutional Framework for NATCOM
QA/QC Traceability Chain

Wheat Crop Residue Burning After Combine Harvesting

Others
49%
(Ca, Mg, Sl,
Al, Fe, Na, Ti,
Pb, Zn)
Chemical Composition of
RSPM in Delhi
Cl
4%
SO4
10%
NO3
9%
NH4
8%
K
1%
Elemental
Carbon
6%
Organic
Carbon
13%

Unidenti fied
23%
NH
4
+
9%
Delhi PM
2.5
, March 4, 2001
OM
40%
SO
4
2-
7% NO
3
-
Cl
-
3%
12%
EC
6%
Delhi PM
2.5
, March 22, 2001
Unidentified
18%
NH
4
+
8%
OM
45%
SO
4
2-
10%
NO
3
-
1%
Cl
-
8%
EC
6%
SO
4
2-
6%
NO
3
-
3%
Delhi PM
2.5
, March 10, 2001
NH
4
+
4%
Unidentified
6%
Cl
-
5%
OM
66%
EC
8%
Delhi PM
2.5
, March 28, 2001
Unidentified
22%
NH
4
+
2%
SO
4
2-
7%
OM
51%
NO
3
-
1%
Cl
-
3%
EC
13%

Monthly average BC of 2001 and 2002 in Delhi
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan
Months of 2001 and 2002
Feb Mar Apr May June July

at NPL, New Delhi

INDOFLUX Network studies and QA/QC issues
(Role of Indian NMI - NPL New Delhi)
SI Units
Length (m)
Mass (kg)
Time (s)
Electric Current (A)
Temperature (K)
Luminous Intensity (cd)
Mol
Uncertainty
3 x 10 -11
4.6 x 10 -9
1 x 10 -13
1 x 10 -6
2.5 x 10 -4
(1.6-1.3) x 10 -2
-

Realization of amount of substance through MiC involves the determination of accurate amounts of reactants, reagents and products in a chemical reaction by use of definitive methods such as Gravimetry,
Titrimetry, Coulometry and pH by
Harned Cell primary method etc.

Impact
The realization of base unit ‘mol’ through MiC will have impacts on
Food quality and security, Energy,
Environment & Health, Societal, national and international Trade &
Indian economy, through quality system of MiC in the country.

Possible Areas for MiC & CRMs
Gas
Stable gas, Reactive gas and Multi-component gas mixures
Organic
Clinical, Medicine, Environment, Forensic & Doping,
Petroleum, Agriculture & Food and others
Inorganic
Elemental, Geochemical, Soil, Metal & Alloys,
Environmental, Bldg. Materials, Health, Agriculture and others
Bio
GMO Analysis, Pathogens, Genetic Testing, Gene
Expression, Protein and others

Realization of Amount of Substance-SI ‘Mol’
Links With
Legal &
Enforce-
CRMs ment
Bodies
0
MRA
NPL-India
Traceability
MiC
CMCs
-KCDB
In partnership with other Organizations/ CSIR Institutes having expertise in various MiC fields
Gravimetry Coulometry Titrimetry Harned Cell for pH
Directions….as per India’s Policy & Needs ….

CRM Programme
Geo-chemical
Standards
Elemental
Solution
Standards
Food
Standards
35+ Institutions
Natural Water
Standards
Petroleum
Standards
Gas Mixtures
Standards
Spectroscopic
Standards
XRD
Standards
Pesticide
Standards

Some Lead Laboratories for the preparation of CRMs for Various Disciplines
• Water: Multi and mono elemental solutions, Nature water,
Gas Mixtures, X-ray Diffraction and SEM/TEM
Resolution Standards:
NPL New Delhi
• Spectroscopic Standards:
NML, Jamshedpur
• Trace Elements in Lubricating & Fuel Oil:
IIP, Dehradun
•
Pesticides:
IICT, Hyderabad
• Milk Powder:
CFTRI, Mysore
•
Gold Geo-chemical
NGRI, Hyderabad

Preparation & Dissemination of Certified Reference Materials
CRMs : 25 Nos.; Key-Comparisons : NATA-4, CCQM-1, IMEP-2, NCCRM-1,
EANET-1, APMP-1*

Gas Analysis
Stable Gases
CH
4
, CO
2
, N
2
O,
O
2
, N
2
,
…
Gas Mixtures
Gravimetry
Titrimetry-GPT
UV-Photometry
Chemiluminescence
Fluorescence
Reactive Gases
O
3
, NO, NO
2
SO
2
, CO…
,
CCQM/ APMP
Key-Comparisons
CMCs-KCDB
MIC Products
QS for India –
Accreditation
CRMs
NPL-India
National / International
Traceability- MRA

Gas Metrology
Future: Primary Gas Std Preparation-Gravimetric: NPL-I Traceable

Future…Research.. Atmosphere-Terrestrial
Coupling by
Tower based-Flux Network Approach
Focus
CO2, H2O and Heat Exchange
GHG Fluxes
Pollutant gases
C, N, S, P-deposition ( Wet & Dry)
Tower footprint Scaling (RS/GIS) up to regional level in
Various Biomes/ Eco-regions or Agro-Ecological Regions
Network Sites & Multi-disciplinary Teams
Regional Biospheric processes data in Global & Regional Climate Models

Indo-Flux
[DST, ISRO, CSIR, ICAR, DOD, MoEF]
Tower [10m-300m] based Observations
Coupling of Atmosphere-Ocean-Terrestrial Earth
Systems
Long-Term, Multi-Disciplinary
Forecasting, Food Security, Sustainable Development,
Environment and Policy
NPL can Participate & give lead for SI-Units national traceability i.e.
Most measurements traceable to NPL-India