C2 REVISION – CHAPTER 1 – STRUCTURE & BONDING
Fill in the gaps:
When two elements react together they make a _________ substance called
a_________. It is _________ to separate the elements after the reaction.
Some atoms react by sharing electrons. We call this _________ bonding. Other
atoms react by _________ or _________ electrons. We call this _________
bonding. When atoms react in this way they get the electronic structure of a
_________ gas.
Use pictures and words to describe each type of bonding:
Ionic
Fill in this table:
Ionic Compound
Ratio of ions in
compound
Sodium chloride
Na+ : Cl1:1
Magnesium oxide
Formula of compound
Covalent
MgO
Ca2+: Cl1:2
CaCl2
Metallic
Fill in this table of more complicated ions:
Name of ion
Formula of ion
Calcium hydroxide,
Ca(OH)2
hydroxide
NO3CO32Suphate
Example of compound
Mg(NO3)2
Sodium carbonate
CaSO4
KEY WORDS:
Electronic structure
Covalent bonding
Ionic bonding
Proton
Electron
Ion
Giant structure (lattice)
Metallic bonding
ASSESSMENT:
C2 REVISION – CHAPTER 2 – STRUCTURE & PROPERTIES
IONIC COMPOUNDS
What type of force holds the ions
together?
SIMPLE COVALENT MOLECULES
GIANT METALLIC SUBSTANCES
How strong are the forces between
covalent molecules? [intermolecular
forces]
Why can metals be bent and shaped?
What are delocalised electrons?
Draw a giant ionic lattice:
How does this affect their melting
and boiling point
How strong are the forces between
atoms in a covalent bond?
[intramolecular bonds]
Why do ionic compounds have high
melting and boiling points?
Why do metals conduct electricity?
How are polymers classified:
What is nanoscience?
Thermosetting:
Thermosoftening:
Why can ionic compounds conduct
electricity when molten or
dissolved in water?
GIANT COVALENT SUBSTANCES
Why is graphite slippery and conduct
electricity?
KEY WORDS:
Giant ionic structures
Intermolecular forces
Macromolecules
Fullerenes
Shape memory alloys
Polymers
Thermosetting / Thermosoftening
Nanoscience
ASSESSMENT:
C2 REVISION – CHAPTER 3 – HOW MUCH?
Complete the table
Relative
Charge
Relative
Mass
Write how many there are
in:
23
Na11
Electrons:
Proton
Protons:
Neutron
Neutrons:
What is an isotope?
Electron
What is percentage yield and what is the equation to calculate it?
What is atom economy and what is the equation to calculate it?
Calculate the percentage yield of calcium carbonate when 200tonnes of
limestone is used and 98tonnes of carbon dioxide is produced:
How do we identify
food additives?
What is gas
chromatography?
What is Ar?
What is mass
spectrometry?
What is Mr?
What is the Mr of C2H5OH?
What is a mole?
Balance the equation and say how many moles of each
substance there are:
H 2 + O2 
H2O
What is the symbol for a reversible reaction?
Explain what happens after we add just reactants to a
reversible reaction?
KEY WORDS:
Empirical
Atomic number
formula
Mass number
Molecular
Isotope
formula
Relative atomic
Yield
mass
Relative formula Percentage yield
Reversible
mass
reaction
Mole
ASSESSMENT:
C2 REVISION – CHAPTER 4 – RATES & ENERGY
What do we mean by ‘rate of reaction’?
Explain the effect of concentration on
the rate of reaction
Explain the effect of temperature on the rate
of reaction [think about: kinetic energy &
number of collisions]
Draw diagrams to represent it?
Draw diagrams to represent it:
What 4 factors affect the rate of a
reaction?
What must happen for a reaction to
occur?
What is the smallest amount of energy
that must be overcome for a reaction to
occur?
Low concn
High concn
Low temp
High temp
How does surface area affect the rate of reaction?
What do catalysts do?
Explain exothermic reactions:
Explain endothermic reactions:
What happens to them during a reaction?
What energy changes are
involved in a reversible
reaction?
KEY WORDS:
Collision theory
Activation energy
Catalyst
Exothermic
Endothermic
Thermal decomposition
ASSESSMENT:
C2 REVISION – CHAPTER 5 – SALTS & ELECTROLYSIS
What is a base?
What is produced when an acid and a
metal react?
What is electrolysis?
What is an alkali
Acid + Metal 
What do we call the substance that is broken down during
electrolysis
What ions make something acidic?
Give a specific example:
What is the negative electrode called?
What is another name for an acid?
P__________ D__________
What is the positive electrode called?
What is produced when an acid and a
base react?
What ions make something alkali?
Label a diagram showing the electrolysis of copper
bromide
Acid + Base 
What is the pH scale?
How is electrolysis
used to extract
aluminium?
Give a specific example:
Why to we electrolyse
brine?
What is
electroplating?
What are the half
equations?
How is it work?
What ions are formed?
KEY WORDS:
Alkalis
Salt
Bases
Neutralisation
Acids
Precipitate
Neutral
Electrolysis
State symbol
Reduction
Indicator
Half equation
pH scale
Electroplating
ASSESSMENT: