Making a foldable for
STATES OF MATTER
1. Fold the paper hot dog style along the dashed line
Flap 1- ?
Solid
These particles represent Atoms
(if the solid is an element) or
Molecules (if the solid is a
compound)
Flap #1- Speed of particles: solid
How are the
particles moving?
Tightly packed
particles DO NOT
move past each
other. They
vibrate in place.
© 2013 S. Coates
The only time
particles of matter do
NOT move, is when
the temperature is
absolute zero (-459 F)
Shape: solid
Take the wooden block- place it in the beaker
Now place it in the petri dish
Can you fit it in the flask? (Don’t try, just think
about it)
What do you notice about the shape of a
solid-does it change?
Solids have a DEFINITE SHAPE
Volume: solid
Take the wooden block and place it in the beaker
Now place it in the petri dish
Could you get it into the flask? (Don’t try, just think
about it)
Does the block take up more or less space
depending on its container? Has its volume
changed?
Solids have DEFINITE VOLUME
Examples: Solids
Wooden block
Marble
Add two more examples of solids on your
own
Flap 2- ?
Liquid
Flap #2- Speed of particles: liquid
How are the
particles
moving in a
liquid?
Tightly
packed
particles
SLIDE past
each other.
© 2013 S. Coates
Shape: liquid
Measure 20 mL of water into the graduated cylinder
Pour it into the beaker.
Use the funnel to pour it into the flask
What do you notice about the shape of a liquid-does
it change in each container?
Liquids have NO DEFINITE SHAPE
(they take the shape of the
container)
Volume: liquid
Carefully pour the water from the flask back into
the graduated cylinder
How much water is in there?
Have you added/subtracted any liquid to the
water? Has its volume changed?
Liquids have DEFINITE VOLUME
Examples: liquids
Water
Juice
Add two more examples of liquids on your
own
Flap 3 - ?
Gas
Flap #3- Speed of particles: gas
How are the
particles moving
in a gas?
Particles are not
tightly packed
together, and
have so much
energy they slip
past each other
quickly.
© 2013 S. Coates
Shape: Gas
• Observe the following: Does the gas have the same
shape in each container?
• Gases have NO DEFINTE SHAPE (They
take the shape of the container)
Volume: Gas
• Observe the following:
Does the gas fill the
container?
• What if I change the size of
the container? Does the
gas take up a different
amount of space?
• Gases have NO DEFINTE VOLUME
(They can expand or compress to fill
the container)
Think about spraying air freshener or body
spray, this fragrant gas will expand to fill a room
because gas has no definite volume!
Examples: gas
Air
Smoke
Add two more examples of gases on your
own
4th Phase of Matter: Plasma
Particles are moving so quickly it is
hard to see what they are actually
doing.
© 2013 S. Coates
Examples of Plasma on Earth
© 2013 S. Coates
Phases of Matter
 Let’s summarize:
Phase
Motion of Particles
Speed of
Particles
Solid
Particles vibrate in place
Slow
Liquid
Particles are close, but can
slide past one another
Medium
Gas
Particles are constantly moving
everywhere
Fast
Plasma
Unknown
Faster than we
can see
© 2013 S. Coates
Physical Properties of Three States of Matter
Phase
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
© 2013 S. Coates
Definite
Shape?
Definite
Volume?
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
Copper Phases - Solid
Copper Phases - Liquid
Copper Phases – Vapor (gas)
What do we call it when matter
changes from one state to the next?
VAPORIZE
MELT
FREEZE
CONDENSE
SUBLIMATION
1. A Review of the States of Matter
What phase of matter has the particles
with the least amount of motion?
Solid
2. A Review of the States of Matter
What temperature do particles show NO
motion?
Absolute zero
3. A Review of the States of Matter
What type of motion do particles have in
a gas state?
Very far apart and they move very
quickly.
4. A Review of the States of Matter
What properties do liquids and solids have
in common?
Definite volume
5. A Review of the States of Matter
What properties do liquids and gases
have in common?
Both take on the shape of the container
they are in.
6. A Review of the States of Matter
Infer: A scientist places 25 mL of a yellow
substance into a 50 mL container. The
substance quickly fills the entire container.
Is it a solid, liquid, or gas and why?
Gas- takes the shape and volume of the
container.
7. A Review of the States of Matter
Why can I smell cookies baking in the
kitchen when I am on the other side of the
house?
Gases have no definite volume and will fill
the container they are in.
8. A Review of the States of Matter
What is the fourth state of matter?
Plasma
9. A Review of the States of Matter
Which description best describes a solid?
a. It has a definite shape and volume
b. It has a definite shape but not definite
volume
c. It adjusts to the shape of its container
d. It can flow
A
10. A Review of the States of Matter
In which state of matter do particles stay
close together, yet are able to slip past
one another?
liquid
So HOW does matter change its state?
Phases of Matter
• Energy is what changes
a phase of matter.
• Argon BOILS at -186°C,
so when you hold it at
room temperature you
can see ALL 3 phases at
the same time.
© 2013 S. Coates
What is energy?
Energy is
the ability
to do work
or cause
change.
Kinetic Energy
Kinetic Energy is the
energy of motion
Particles with a lot of
kinetic energy move
fast and far apart
Particles with little
kinetic energy move
slow & close together
Particles with
a lot of kinetic
energy
Particles with
little kinetic
energy
Thermal Energy
The total kinetic
energy of all the
particles in a
sample of matter is
called thermal
energy.
Temperature
Temperature is the
average kinetic
energy of the
individual particles in
a substance
So… if it is hot more
kinetic energy, if
cold less kinetic
energy.
Heat
The movement of
thermal energy from
a substance at a
higher temperature
to one at a lower
temperature is
called heat.
Changing states
Matter can
change from one
state to another
when thermal
energy is released
or absorbed.
This is called a
change of state.
Melting
The change from the solid
state to the liquid state is
melting.
The temperature at which a
substance changes from a
solid to a liquid is called the
melting point.
Melting is when matter
absorbs thermal energy,
and its temperature rises.
Freezing
The change from the liquid state to
the solid state is called freezing.
The temperature at which a
substance changes from the liquid
state to the solid state is called the
freezing point.
Energy is released during freezing.
After all of the liquid has become
a solid, the temperature begins to
decrease again.
Vaporization
The change from a liquid
to a gas is known as
vaporization.
The temperature of the
substance does not
change during
vaporization.
 However, the substance
absorbs thermal energy.
Vaporization
Two forms of vaporization exist.
Vaporization that takes place below
the surface of a liquid is called
boiling.
The temperature at which a liquid
boils is called the boiling point.
Vaporization that takes place at the
surface of a liquid is called
evaporation.
Evaporation
• Evaporation, which occurs at temperatures
below the boiling point, explains how puddles dry
up.
• It takes more than speed for water molecules to
escape the liquid state.
• During evaporation, these faster molecules also
must be near the surface, heading in the right
direction, and they must avoid hitting other water
molecules as they leave.
The opposite of vaporization is called
condensation, which occurs when a gas
loses enough thermal energy to become a
liquid. The change of state from gas to liquid
is called condensation.
Condensation
As a gas cools, its particles slow
down.
When particles move slowly
enough for their attractions to
bring them together, droplets of
liquid form.
This process, which is the opposite
of vaporization, is called
condensation.
Sublimation
• Some substances can change
from the solid state to the gas
state without ever becoming
a liquid.
During this process, known as
sublimation, the surface
particles of the solid absorbs
enough energy to become a
gas.
Picture from
http://www.ehow.com/how_2098268_fogsmoke-dryice-halloween.html
Deposition
Deposition moving directly from a
gas to a solid state
The opposite of sublimation
State Change Pyramid
Absorbing
thermal energy
Gas
Releasing
thermal energy
Freezing
Solid
Melting
Liquid
Phases of Matter
•
ADDED
Is ENERGY being ADDED or TAKEN AWAY in this phase change:
The added energy has caused the
chocolate particles to speed up. Before
they were vibrating in place, now they are
moving fast enough to slip past one
another.
Solid
© 2013 S. Coates
Liquid
Phases of Matter
•
Is ENERGY being ADDED or TAKEN AWAY in this phase change:
ADDED
The added energy has caused the water
particles to speed up. Before they were
moving fast enough to slip past one
another, now they have enough energy to
break away from one another and expand.
Liquid
© 2013 S. Coates
Gas
Phases of Matter
•
Is ENERGY being ADDED or TAKEN AWAY in this phase change:
Taken Away
Taking away energy from a rain drop slows
the water molecules down so that they no
longer slide past one another.
© 2013 S. Coates
Liquid
Solid
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghl33n
26d44
Iceland volcano clip