Define variation:
Give a definition for sexual
reproduction.
What two factors can affect the
characteristics of an organism?
What is the scientific
name for an organism
produced by asexual
reproduction?
What is a mutation?.
What is a gene?
Why do plants and animals share
characteristics with their parents?
Complete the
table below.
Why do organisms produced by sexual reproduction
show greater variation than those formed by asexual
reproduction?
Sexual
reproduction
Asexual
reproduction
Number of parents
Describe two ways in which
you can clone a plant.
Is there mixing of genes?
Are gametes involved?
Put the following words in order from
smallest to larges to describe how
genetic material is organised.
Chromosome, Nucleus, Cell, Gene
Increases variation?
How was dolly the sheep created by adult cell
cloning?
Describe how you would use a plant to
produce human growth hormone.
Explain how an embryo transplant can be
used to clone a cow.
Why are some people opposed to the genetic
modification of organisms?
Why is an organism produced by adult
cell cloning considered a clone?
List some reasons for genitcally
modifying a plant..
Define variation:
Differences between living
organisms.
Give a definition for sexual
reproduction.
•Fusion of male and female
gametes
What two factors can affect the
characteristics of an organism?
Genes
Environment
What is a mutation?.
A change in DNA.
What is a gene?
A section of DNA that controls
the characteristic of an
organism.
Why do plants and animals share
characteristics with their parents?
They inherit genes passed on when
their parent’s gametes fuse.
Put the following words in order from
smallest to larges to describe how
genetic material is organised.
Chromosome, Nucleus, Cell, Gene
Gene -> Chromosome - > Nucleus -> Cell
Explain how an embryo transplant can be
used to clone a cow.
Cells are taken from a growing embryo
before they become specialised
Each cell transplanted into a surrogate
mother
Why is an organism produced by adult
cell cloning considered a clone?
Has genetic information from one
parent only.
Complete the
table below.
What is the scientific
name for an organism
produced by asexual
reproduction?
Clone
Why do organisms produced by sexual reproduction
show greater variation than those formed by asexual
reproduction?
Sexual reproduction involves the mixing of genes from
two parents; asexual genes are inherited from one
parent only
Sexual
reproduction
Asexual
reproduction
Number of parents
2
1
Is there mixing of genes?
Yes
No
Are gametes involved?
Yes
No
Increases variation?
Yes
No
How was dolly the sheep created by adult cell
cloning?
• Nucleus removed from unfertilised egg cell
• Nucleus from an adult body cell inserted
into unfertilised egg cell
• Electric shock given to stimulate the cell to
divide.
• Ball of cells implanted into surrogate
Why are some people opposed to the genetic
modification of organisms?
• Damage to modified organism
• May lead to a smaller gene pool
• May upset natural balance of the
ecosystem.
• May harm the health of humans who eat
GM organisms
Describe two ways in which
you can clone a plant.
Cuttings: cut leaf from adult
plant bud, dip in rooting
powder and plant in compost
Tissue culture: take a small
group of cells form an adult
plant and grow on sterile agar
Describe how you would use a plant to
produce human growth hormone.
Enzymes used to cut gene out of human
chromosome
Other enzymes used to insert gene into
plant chromosome
Plant cell divides and makes hormone
List some reasons for genitcally
modifying a plant..
Herbicide resistant
Insect resistant
Produce novel protein
Increase yield