Cell Structure and Function
Review
Learning Goals
• Explain the three parts of the cell theory.
• Correctly use a compound light microscope to
observe plant and animal cells.
• Explain individual function and interrelatedness of
organelles.
• Describe the differences, similarities and
evolutionary links between prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells.
• Compare and contrast the structure and function of
plant and animal cells.
Explain the three parts of the cell theory.
• Write the three parts of the cell theory.
Explain the three parts of the cell theory.
 Matthias Schleiden, Botanist, 1837
All plants are made of cells.
Explain the three parts of the cell theory.
 Theodor Schwann, Physiologist, 1838
All animals are made of cells
Explain the three parts of the cell theory.
 Rudolf Virchow, 1858
All cells are made from the division
of existing cells
How well did you remember the cell
theory?
A. I remembered and
understood all of the cell
theory.
B. I had to correct one part of
the cell theory.
C. I had to correct two or
more parts of the cell
theory.
D. I couldn’t remember any of
the cell theory.
Correctly use a compound light microscope
to observe plant and animal cells.
• List the 4 types of microscopes.
• Describe the steps, in order, for using a
compound light microscope.
Correctly use a compound light microscope
to observe plant and animal cells.
• List the 4 types of microscopes.
Compound Light - 40x-400x, Living Specimens, 2D
Dissecting – 3x – 10x, Living Specimens, 3D
Transmission Electron - 500,000x, Dead, 2D
Scanning Electron – 30,000x, Dead, 3D
Correctly use a compound light microscope
to observe plant and animal cells.
• Describe the steps, in order, for using a compound
light microscope.
• Double check for scanning power
• Place the slide on stage
• Find what you’re looking for and focus with course
adjustment. Center the specimen.
• Switch to low power and focus with fine adjustment.
Center the specimen.
• Switch to high power and focus with fine adjustment.
How well did you remember the parts
of the microscope learning goal?
A. I knew all four types of
microscopes and how to use it
properly.
B. I knew all four types of
microscopes and but not how
to use it properly.
C. I did not know all four types of
microscopes but I did know
how to use it properly.
D. I could only remember parts of
this learning goal.
Explain individual function and
interrelatedness of organelles.
In the human body, organs perform
specialized jobs. For example, the heart
transports blood. In cells, tiny ___________
carry out specialized jobs.
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Or
g
0%
Or
g
tissues
Organ systems
organelles
Organ systems
tis
su
es
1.
2.
3.
4.
The job of a cell wall is to:
as
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pl
1. Protect and provide
support
2. Allow cells to
photosynthesize
3. Surround the
cytoplasm
Which is the organelle that holds the
cells DNA (its genome) and is the control
center of the cell?
mitochondria
nucleolus
Nucleus
cytoplasm
m
las
us
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ce
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1.
2.
3.
4.
What molecules inside the nucleus
allow it to serve as the cell’s control center?
bo
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Lip
ns
0%
te
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es
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pr
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DN
A
DNA
carbohydrates
proteins
Lipids
RNA
ca
r
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
When you view eukaryotic cells via
light microscopy, you see a small dark, dense
region inside the nucleus. It is called the:
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os
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ribosome
nucleolus
nucleoplasm
Nuclear
membrane
5. Nuclear pore
rib
1.
2.
3.
4.
These organelles are assembled in the nucleolus.
os
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gi
golgi
ribosomes
vacuoles
lysosomes
go
l
1.
2.
3.
4.
The structure composed of a network
of protein filaments whose job is supporting
the cell’s shape, allowing cell movement, &
moving organelles inside the cell is the:
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Cell membrane
Cell wall
Cytoskeleton
Cilium, flagellum
Ce
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1.
2.
3.
4.
Ribosomes
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1. Use light energy to make carbohydrates
2. Make ATP to allow cells to use energy in food
3. Are membrane tube s whose enzymes construct
components of membranes & modify proteins
4. Are membrane sacs used for storage
5. Synthesize proteins following gene instructions
Golgi apparatus:
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1. Use light energy to make carbohydrates
2. Attach carbohydrate & lipid chains to proteins-marking them for export to final destinations—looks
like a stack of pancakes.
3. Make ATP to allow cells to use energy in food
4. Are membrane tube s whose enzymes construct
components of membranes & modify proteins
5. Are membrane sacs used for storage
Lysosomes:
ne
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1. Use light energy to make carbohydrates
2. Attach carbohydrate & lipid chains to proteins-marking them for export to the cell membrane—looks
like a stack of pancakes.
3. Make ATP to allow cells to use energy in food
4. Synthesize proteins following gene instructions
5. Are membrane sacs filled with digestive enzymes used
to break down food to smaller particles or to recycle
worn out organelles.
Vacuoles:
ne
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1. Use light energy to make carbohydrates
2. Attach carbohydrate & lipid chains to proteins-marking them for export to the cell membrane—looks
like a stack of pancakes.
3. Make ATP to allow cells to use energy in food
4. Are membrane tube s whose enzymes construct
components of membranes & modify proteins
5. Are membrane sacs used for storage
Chloroplasts:
1. Use light energy to make carbohydrates
2. Attach carbohydrate & lipid chains to proteins--marking
them for export to final destinations—looks like a stack of
pancakes.
3. Make ATP to allow cells to use energy in food
4. Are membrane tube s whose enzymes construct
components of membranes & modify proteins
5. Are membrane sacs used for storage
6. Synthesize proteins following gene instructions
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Mitochondria:
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At
ta
1. Use light energy to make carbohydrates
2. Attach carbohydrate & lipid chains to proteins-marking them for export to final destinations—looks
like a stack of pancakes.
3. Make ATP to allow cells to use energy in food
4. Are membrane tube s whose enzymes construct
components of membranes & modify proteins
What is the function of the
mitochondria?
Make lipids
Make proteins
Control the cell
Make energy
74%
16%
11%
gy
...
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s
0%
M
ak
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is the function of ribosomeS?
Make lipids
Make proteins
Control the cell
Package and
transport materials
84%
16%
d
an
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ck
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..
0%
s
0%
M
1.
2.
3.
4.
Which of the following organelles are
found only in plant cells?
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
100%
Go
lg
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so
Ly
Ch
ap
pa
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..
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ito
0%
es
0%
ia
0%
M
1.
2.
3.
4.
Which of the following cells do not have
nuclei?
Plant
Animal
Eukaryote
Prokaryote
60%
30%
yo
te
ok
ar
Pr
Eu
ka
m
ry
ot
e
al
5%
An
i
an
t
5%
Pl
1.
2.
3.
4.
Where is dna located in a eukaryotic
cell?
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Golgi Apparatus
70%
25%
Go
lg
iA
pp
ar
a
sm
to
pl
a
Cy
Nu
c le
us
ia
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...
5%
0%
M
1.
2.
3.
4.
All cells have
1. Nucleus
2. Endoplasmic
reticulum
3. Cell Wall
4. Cell Membrane
70%
an
br
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em
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ll
W
Ce
l
En
do
pl
a
sm
ic
Nu
cle
re
us
...
5%
al
l
10%
e
15%
How well do you know the organelles
and their functions?
A. I can recall all of the organelles,
their functions, where they are
in the cell and how they work
together.
B. I can recall all of the organelles
but am unclear on how some of
them work.
C. I remember the names of many
organelles but don’t know their
functions.
D. I only remember a few
organelles.
Describe the differences, similarities and evolutionary
links between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Describe the differences, similarities and evolutionary
links between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Both
•No nucleus
•Nucleus
•Living things
•Smaller and simpler cells
•Larger and more complex
cells
•DNA
•No membrane bound
organelles
•Most primitive form of
life on Earth
Example: bacteria
•Have membrane bound
organelles
Examples:
•Plants
•Animals
•Fungi
•Protists – single celled
(unicellular) organisms
•Ribosomes
•Cytoplasm
•Cell membrane
Describe the differences, similarities and evolutionary
links between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
List four things that are different between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Put these differences in order from most important to least important.
What is a membrane bound structure
that contains genetic material and
controls many of the cell’s activities?
1.
2.
3.
4.
76%
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Nucleus
Cell membrane
16%
8%
0%
1
2
3
4
Which of the following cells do
not contain a nucleus?
1. Animal cell
2. Plant cell
3. Bacterial cell
84%
16%
0%
1
2
3
Both prokaryotes and
eukaryotes
1. have a nucleus
2. have DNA
3. have membrane bound
organelles
4. are the same size
80%
16%
4%
1
0%
2
3
4
True or false? Eukaryotes are
cells that do not have a
nucleus.
100%
1. True
2. False
0%
1
2
Which type of eukaryotes are often single celled
(unicellular)?
us
st
s
hr
s&
oo
m
m
ol
-b
ds
ea
r in
gf
An
P
u
la
im
ng
nt
al
i
sl
sl
ik
ike
et
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re
in
es
es
hr
im
...
tis
t
M
lik
ey
ea
pr
o
te
r
ba
c
Fu
ng
i
1. bacteria
2. protists
3. Fungi like yeasts &
molds
4. Mushroom-bearing
fungi
5. Plants like trees
6. Animals like brine
shrimp or small insects
ia
17% 17% 17% 17% 17% 17%
How well do you know the differences
between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
A. I can recall and explain all of
the major differences and
similarities.
B. I can list all of the major
differences and similarities.
C. I only know a few major
differences or similarities.
D. I don’t remember the
differences between these two
types of cells.
Compare and contrast the structure and function of
plant and animal cells.
Animals and plants are always multicellular with specialized
(they look different & function differently) cells.
Cell walls protect cells from bursting and provide them
support against pressure (so they don’t get crushed).
Which kingdom (the only one) NEVER has cell walls?
17%
pl
a
nt
s
17%
Pr
ot
ist
s
17%
Fu
ng
i
ac
t
ct
e
m
ha
e
ba
An
i
17%
er
ia
17%
r ia
al
17%
Eu
b
Animal
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Fungi
Protists
plants
Ar
c
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Which structure is found in (specific to)
a plant cell but not an animal cell.
m
es
ito
en
ch
do
on
pl
d
ria
as
m
ic
re
Sm
t
i
...
oo
th
ER
(S
ER
)
Ce
ll
w
all
s
st
s
os
om
Ro
ug
h
pl
a
or
o
lys
Chloroplasts
lysosomes
mitochondria
Rough endoplasmic
reticulum (RER)
5. Smooth ER (SER)
Ch
l
1.
2.
3.
4.
17% 17% 17% 17% 17% 17%
Compare and contrast the structure and function of
plant and animal cells.
List three things that are different between plant and animal cells.
Put these differences in order from most important to least important.
How well do you know the differences
between plant and animal cells?
A. I can recall and explain all of
the major differences and
similarities.
B. I can list all of the major
differences and similarities.
C. I only know a few major
differences or similarities.
D. I don’t remember the
differences between these two
types of cells.