Chapter 3 Test Review Sheet
#1
• What functional groups are these:
• -OH
-COOH -C=O -NH2 -OPO3• ANSWER:
hydroxyl carboxyl carbonyl amino
phosphate
#1 (cont.)
• What functional groups are these?
• -SH
-C=O (and end)
-C=O (within)
• Sulfhydryl
aldehyde
ketone
#2
• What are the monomers of these
polymers?
• Proteins
nucleic acids carbos lipids
• ANSWER:
• Amino acids
monosaccharides
nucleotides
glycerol + 3 fatty acids
#3
• How can you tell the difference between a
saturated fat, a monounsaturated fat, and a
polyunsaturated fat when shown the chemical
structure?
• ANSWER: saturated fat has all single bonds,
unsaturated fat has at least one double bond,
polyunsaturated fat has 2 or more double bonds
#4
• How are isomers related?
ANSWER: isomer=same atomic structure
but different orientation
#5
• Contrast dehydration synthesis and
hydrolysis: Purpose? How alike? How
different?
• ANSWER:
Dehydration synthesis-takes out water to
join monomers
• Hydrolysis-adds water to split polymers
#6
• What suffix do sugars end in? Examples
•
•
•
•
ANSWER: -ose
Monosaccharide – glucose, fructose
Disaccharide – sucrose, maltose
Polysaccharide – starch, glycogen
#7
• How is glycogen different than
starch?
How are they alike?
• ANSWER: glycogen is formed in
animals and starch is formed in
plants; they both are polysaccharides
of glucose
#8
• How is a positive test done for each?
Glucose starch fats protein
•
•
•
•
•
ANSWER:
Glucose- Benedicts blue to orange-red
Starch-iodine yellow to blue-black
Fats-translucent brown paper
Protein- Biuret blue to lavender
#9
• What is the purpose of
cellulose? Type of carbo?
• ANSWER: fiber
• polysaccharide
#10
• What does hydrophilic and
hydrophobic mean? Which best
describes fats?
• ANSWER: hydrophilic (does
dissolve in water) and hydrophobic
(does not dissolve in water) FATS
ARE HYDROPHOBIC
• -methyl group –CH3 is hydrophobic
#11
• Polypeptide and amino acid chains are
synonyms for what macromolecule?
• ANSWER: protein
#12
• How could you tell
the difference
between a
monosaccharide
and a disaccharide if
shown the chemical
structure?
• ANSWER:
monosaccharide
= 1 ring
• Disaccharide =
2 rings
#13
• How does a steroid
look different
chemically than other
lipids?
• ANSWER: 4 rings
#14
• What are the parts of a triglyceride?
How many water molecules are
formed from the formation of it?
• ANSWER: 3 fatty acids + a glycerol
• Three water molecules form when
they join.
#15
• Rectangle around polar end
• Circle around nonpolar end
#15
• Rectangle around polar end
• Circle around nonpolar end
#16
•
•
•
•
Identify the following as
C-carbohydrate
P-protein
L-lipid
NA-nucleic acid
_____DNA
_____glucose
• _____steroid
• _____phospholipid
#16
•
•
•
•
Identify the following as
C-carbohydrate
P-protein
L-lipid
NA-nucleic acid
NA DNA
C
glucose
• L
steroid
• L
phospholipid
#16
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Identify the following as
C-carbohydrate
P-protein
L-lipid
NA-nucleic acid
_____wax
_____starch
_____ATP
_____RNA
#16
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Identify the following as
C-carbohydrate
P-protein
L-lipid
NA-nucleic acid
L
wax
C
starch
none of above ATP
NA RNA
#16
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Identify the following as
C-carbohydrate
P-protein
L-lipid
NA-nucleic acid
_____sucrose
_____enzymes
_____fructose
_____triglyceride
#16
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Identify the following as
C-carbohydrate
P-protein
L-lipid
NA-nucleic acid
C
sucrose
P
enzymes
C
fructose
L
triglyceride
#16
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Identify the following as
C-carbohydrate
P-protein
L-lipid
NA-nucleic acid
_____ethanol
_____formaldehyde
_____cholesterol
_____egg white
#16
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Identify the following as
C-carbohydrate
P-protein
L-lipid
NA-nucleic acid
C
ethanol
C
formaldehyde
L
cholesterol
P
egg white
#17
• How can you tell carbohydrates and lipids
apart?
• Carbohydrates H:O
•
2:1
• Lipids –greater than 2:1
#18
• What is the functional group found in
alcohols? What suffix denotes an
alcohol?
• -OH
• -ol such as ethanol, butanol
#19
• How many different amino acids are
there?
• ANSWER: 20
#19 (cont.)
• How are all amino acids
alike?
#19 cont.
• How are amino acids different?
#20
• What does a peptide bond
connect? (what functional groups)
• ANSWER: amino acids
• Peptide bonds are covalent
#21
• What is denaturation. To which
macromolecule does it refer?
• ANSWER: Polypeptide chain unravels,
losing their shape, and losing their function
#22
• What type of bonds form at each level:
• A. between amino acids
• ANSWER: peptides (covalent)
• B. to cause coiling or pleating
• ANSWER: H-bonds
#22 (cont.)
• C. between cysteine and cysteine in
tertiary
• ANSWER: -disulfide bridges
• D. between H-in OH and O in –COOH
(tertiary)
• ANSWER: H-bonding
#22 (cont)
• Between –NH3+ and O
in ionized form of carboxyl group
ANSWER: ionic bond
#23
• What are the two possible shapes of
proteins in the secondary level?
• What are the two basic shapes of proteins
in the quaternary level?
• ANSWER: SECONDARY: alpha helix or
beta pleated sheets
• QUATERNARY: fibrous and globular
#24
• What element besides C-H-O will you find
in proteins? What functional group is this?
• ANSWER: N (nitrogen)
• -amino group –NH2
#25
• Main parts of nucleotide? What elements?
• CHONP
#26
• RECOGNIZE ORGANIC MOLECULES
FLASH CARDS AND QUETIONS
EXTENDED RESPONSE
• How do the primary, secondary, tertiary,
and quaternary structures of proteins
differ?
• ANSWER: primary-sequence of AA
• Secondary-helix or pleated sheets
• Tertiary-folds in on itself
• Quaternary-folded together two or more
subunits
• Refer to your handout of the PrimarySecondary-Tertiary-Quaternary Levels