Today is Day 1
The Cell in Action
OBJ 1: Explain the processes of diffusion & osmosis.
OBJ 2: Compare active & passive transport
OBJ 3: Explain how large particles get in and out of cells
Homework: Quiz on Vocabulary terms (6 terms) from Section
1 (pages 34-37) on Monday.
*Materials, Procedures, Variables and Trials due on 10/15
To do:
 Animal/ Plant cell lab
 Jigsaw
 Terms to know!
 Demonstration – I need your help!
Jigsaw / Perform it!
 You will be put into a group.Your group will research your




assigned process in which a cell exchanges with the
environment.
You may use your book and a computer.
Once you finished with your research, write a rhythm or rap
about your process. (Remember: what is involved? What
types of particles? Do you need energy?)
You need to be ready to perform THIS period!
Your rap/ rhythm will be considered for a class
work grade.
Diffusion
 Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to
low concentration
 Can occur across membranes or outside cells
 Do not need energy
Osmosis
 The diffusion of water through the cell membrane
Passive Transport
 Diffusion of particles through proteins
 (From High to Low)
Active Transport
 Movement of particles through proteins against the normal
direction of diffusion. The cell must use energy (ATP) for this
to happen.
Endocytosis
 The cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses itin a
vesicle
 How large particles can be brought into cells
Exocytosis
 When large particles must be removed from the cell
 Vesicles are formed at the ER or GB and carry the particles
to the cell membrane
Crossing Membranes Demonstration
Red Rover anyone?
Today is Day 2
The Cell in Action
OBJ 1: Explain the processes of diffusion & osmosis.
OBJ 2: Compare active & passive transport
OBJ 3: Explain how large particles get in and out of cells
Warm-up: none
Homework: Quiz on Vocabulary terms (6 terms) from Section
1 (pages 34-37) on Monday.
*SF stuff
To do:
 Jigsaw
 Demonstration – I need your help!
Jigsaw / Perform it!
 You will be put into a group.Your group will research your




assigned process in which a cell exchanges with the
environment.
You may use your book and a computer.
Once you finished with your research, write a rhythm or rap
about your process. (Remember: what is involved? What
types of particles? Do you need energy?)
You need to be ready to perform THIS period!
Your rap/ rhythm will be considered for a class
work grade.
Terms/ Groups
 Group 1: osmosis
 Group 2: endocytosis
 Group 3: active transport
 Group 4: exocytosis
Today is Day 3
The Cell in Action
OBJ 1: Explain the processes of diffusion & osmosis.
OBJ 2: Compare active & passive transport
OBJ 3: Explain how large particles get in and out of cells
Warm-up: TURN in Bibliography & Hypothesis .
Homework: Review notes. Quiz on Monday.
*SF stuff
To Do…
 Finish Jigsaw
 Diffusion DEMO (perfume/ food coloring)
 Slides: diffusion (TAKE GOOD NOTES!)
 http://science-
class.net/PowerPoints/Diffusion_osmosis_files/frame.htm
 http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab1/intro
.html
 http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP1903
 http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP11003
Jigsaw / Perform it!
 You will be put into a group.Your group will research your




assigned process in which a cell exchanges with the
environment.
You may use your book and a computer.
Once you finished with your research, write a rhythm or rap
about your process. (Remember: what is involved? What
types of particles? Do you need energy?)
You need to be ready to perform THIS period!
Your rap/ rhythm will be considered for a class
work grade.
Conclusion
 What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?
Today is Day 4
The Cell in Action
OBJ 1: Explain the processes of diffusion & osmosis.
OBJ 2: Compare active & passive transport
OBJ 3: Explain how large particles get in and out of cells
Warm-up: Why did the particles in the graduated cylinder
appear to move faster than those in the beaker?
Homework: Review notes. Quiz on Monday.
*SF stuff
To Do…
 Slides: diffusion (TAKE GOOD NOTES!)
 http://science-
class.net/PowerPoints/Diffusion_osmosis_files/frame.htm
 http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab1/intro
.html
 http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP1903
 http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP11003
Conclusion
 What type of exchange requires ATP?
Today is Day 5
The Cell in Action
OBJ 1: Explain the processes of diffusion & osmosis.
OBJ 2: Compare active & passive transport
OBJ 3: Explain how large particles get in and out of cells
Warm-up: In your own words, describe endocytosis and
exocytosis.
Homework: Quiz on Monday.
*SF stuff
To Do
 DEMO
 Slides: diffusion (TAKE GOOD NOTES!)
 http://science-
class.net/PowerPoints/Diffusion_osmosis_files/frame.htm
 http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab1/intro
.html
 http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP1903
 http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP11003
Conclusion
 Slide 22
Today is Day 6
The Cell in Action
OBJ 1: Explain the processes of diffusion & osmosis.
OBJ 2: Compare active & passive transport
OBJ 3: Explain how large particles get in and out of cells
Warm-up: QUIZ- right now!
Homework: Review notes. *SF stuff
To Do
 QUIZ
 DEMO
 Slides: diffusion (TAKE GOOD NOTES!)
 http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab1/intro
.html
 http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP1903
 http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP11003
Today is Day 7
The Cell in Action
OBJ 1-3. See previous slides.
OBJ 4: Describe photosynthesis
OBJ 5: Compare cellular respiration with fermentation.
Homework: Read and take notes on pages 38-41 *SF
stuff
To Do
1.
Let’s review:
 http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP1903
 http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP11003
2.
Endocytosis/ Exocytosis:

3.
YouTube:


4.
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::535::535::/sites/dl/free/00
72437316/120068/bio02.swf::Endocytosis%20and%20Exocytosis
http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=y31DlJ6uGgE&feature=end
screen
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SSS3EtKAzYc&NR=1&feature=end
screen
Exit ticket: Section Review on page 37 (check)
Today is Day 8
The Cell in Action
OBJ 1-3. See previous slides.
OBJ 4: Describe photosynthesis
OBJ 5: Compare cellular respiration with fermentation.
Warm-up: next slide
Homework: Read and take notes on pages 38-41
Why do cells need energy?
 To carry out the chemical activities that all cells to live, grow,
and reproduce.
From Cell to Sun
 Photosynthesis: the process by which plants capture light
from the sun and convert it into sugar
Absorbing
the Sun
Chlorophyll- the
main pigment that
absorbs light energy
(why plants are
green). Found in
chloroplasts.
Why is photosynthesis important?
 Food that plants make supplies them with energy and also
becomes a source of energy for organisms that eat plants.
 Without plants, consumers could not live!
Photosynthesis Cards
 An arrow
 6CO2
 6H2O
 Light Energy
 C6H12O6
 6O2
Photosynthesis Equation
6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Plants use energy to take in Carbon Dioxide and water to
produce food (glucose ... A simple carbohydrate) and
oxygen
This sugar can now be stored as USABLE energy
Photosynthesis/ Respiration
 C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP)
 Energy stored as ATP
 Any inital energy release is in the form of heat
Okay now we have food. . .
 Plants have to make their food, we buy, find, hunt our food.
(Remember we are consumers)
 Now that we have food, our cells can take that food to make
usable energy by . . .
 Cellular Respiration: The process of producing ATP in the
cell from oxygen and glucose; releases carbon dioxide &
water.
Respiration
 Means “breathing” … breathing supplies your cells with
oxygen so your cells can perform cellular respiration
 Obtain energy from food
 Takes place in mitochondria
But what if there’s no Oxygen
 Fermentation: the breakdown of sugars to make ATP in the
absence of oxygen
 (not as much ATP, partial breakdown of sugar)
 (Sometimes your muscles don’t get enough O2….cramping!
Runner’s stitch!
2 types of fermentation
 Lactic Acid- (muscles) . . .
 Alcohol- occurs in yeast & bacteria.Yeast cells make carbon
dioxide and alcohol during the fermentation of sugar.
Today is Day 9
The Cell in Action
The
Cell in Action
OBJ 6: Explain how cells produce more cells.
OBJ 7: Discuss the importance of mitosis
OBJ 8: Explain how cell division differs in animals and
plants.
Warm-up: How are photosynthesis and respiration related?
Homework: Complete Section Review on text pages 37
and 41
Clarification
 HOW would each of the following materials get through a
cell membrane
A. Pure Water = osmosis; simple diffusion
B. Sugar entering a cell that already contains a high
concentration of particles = according to your text: active
transport b/c particles are going from an area of low
concentration to an area of high concentration
C. Sugar entering a cell that has a low concentration of
particles = Question: can we assume that there is a higher
concentration outside of the cell? If “yes”, passive
transport; if “no”, diffusion
D. A large protein = endocytosis or exocytosis
Active vs. Passive Transport
 Passive Transport:
 Simple diffusion and osmosis = DOES not require energy (back and
forth)
 Channel diffusion= involves channel proteins where
material moves through an open, aqueous pore; can be regulated; ions
and charged particles can pass through the open pore.
 Facilitated (Pumps) diffusion = uses proteins; can occur back and forth
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_facili
tated_diffusion_works.html
 Active Transport:
 Primary active transport = directly uses ATP
 Secondary active transport = does not directly use ATP.
It takes advantage of a previously existing concentration gradient (via
carriers).
A Different Look
To Do:
 Notes on photosynthesis (slides 31- 42)
 Begin “The Cell Cycle”
The Cell Cycle
 Includes the period of mitosis plus the time in between
 Usually takes about 18-24 hours in mammals (some fly
embryos can divide their cells in 8 minutes!)
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_the_cell_cycle
_works.html
Conclusion
 Explain why fermentation occurs in your muscles when you
all of a sudden get a cramp while running.
Today is Day 9/10
Cell
Mitosis
CellCycle
Cycle&&Mitosis
OBJ 1-8: See above.
Warm-up: Check SR on 37 and 41. In your own words,
explain what the below statement means: “Biology is
the only science in which multiplication means the
same thing as division.”
Homework: Read/take notes/ Review pages 42-45.
Complete the Section Review. HINT: review
photosynthesis and respiration equations.
To Do: continue slides 42 & 48
The Cell Cycle
 Includes the period
of mitosis plus the
time in between
(Interphase)
 Usually takes about
18-24 hours in
mammals (some fly
embryos can divide
their cells in 8
minutes!)
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_the_cell_cycle_works.html
Take Note
 Read page 42-45.
 Purpose for reading: To explain how cells produce more cells
 Task1: Under each heading, write the main idea and 2-3
supporting facts.
 Task 2: Complete the section review on page 45.
Reproduction
 Asexual-genetic material from 1 parent
 Ex: copy their own genetic material and split in two
 Sexual-genetic material from 2 parents
 Ex: sperm and egg
“splitting into two parts”
Asexual
Reproduction
Reproduction
 Cell Division- division of the nucleus and cytoplasm resulting
in 2 new cells
 Division of cytoplasm-cytokinesis
 2 new cells-daughter cells
 Broken into 4 distinct parts
 Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Cell Cycle: Gap 0 (G0)
 Resting Time
 Can be permanent or temporary
 Example: neurons stay in Gap 0 because they don’t grow or
replicate
Cell Cycle: Gap 1 (G1)
 Cell growth
 Increase in size
 Produce RNA
 Put together proteins
 Prepares for DNA synthesis
Cell Cycle: S Phase or Synthesis
 DNA reproduction
 DNA copies in order to make 2 daughter cells during mitosis
Cell Cycle: Gap 2 (G2)
 Continue to grow
 Produce proteins
 Checkpoint for entering mitosis
Conclusion
 In your own words, describe what happens to the
chromosomes during mitosis.
 What does the cell spend most of its time doing?
Genetic Material
 Chromatin-long fibers that contain DNA and protein
 Chromosomes-condensed chromatin
 Centromeres-region that holds together 2 chromatids
 Sister Chromatids-2 duplicated copies of chromosomes
Centromere
Sister Chromatids
Interphase
 Cells spend majority of
time in this phase
 G1, G2, & S phase
Mitotic Phase or M Phase
 Cell growth and protein synthesis stops
 All energy focused on making daughter cells
 This phase only last about 2 hours in mammals
Mitosis Phase 1
 Chromosomes are visible
 Condensed in the nucleus
 Nuclear envelope breaks
down
 Spindles form
Mitosis Phase 2
 Chromosomes line up in
the middle of the cell
 Spindle fully formed
Mitosis Phase 3
 Sister chromatids separate
(now a daughter
chromosome)
 Spindles pull
chromosomes apart
Mitosis Phase 4
 Chromosomes reach the




poles of the spindles
Spindle disappears
Nuclear envelope forms
around chromosomes
Cytokinesis begins
Daughter cells form
Cytokinesis
 Pinching off of cytoplasm
 2 daughter cells are formed
 Not officially a part of mitosis
Let’s
Review!
Today is Day 11
Cell
Mitosis
CellCycle
Cycle&&Mitosis
OBJ 1-8: See above.
Homework: study G0, G1, G2, S phase and M phase
(including 4 stages in M phase). TEST on Ch. 2 on
11/12
To Do: continue previous slides; handout; review
video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lf9rcqifx34
Name that phase!
Name that phase!
Today is Day 12/13
Cell
Mitosis
CellCycle
Cycle&&Mitosis
OBJ 1-8: See above.
Homework: Complete chapter review on text pages
50-51 #1-14 and #20-23. TEST on Ch. 2 on 10/30
To Do: review slides/handout; activity
Activity
Make your own mitosis stages.
1. Cut out 4 cells (3 using the lysol bottles, if you want to
trace)
2. Cut out chromosomes
3. Glue chromosomes on your cell to represent the phase.
4. Repeat for all 4 phases.
Wrap Up
Why do cells undergo mitosis?
Today is Day 14/15
Cell
Mitosis
CellCycle
Cycle&&Mitosis
OBJ 1-8: See above.
Homework: Study/ finish today’s classwork. TEST on
Ch. 2 on 10/30
To Do: check Chapter Review; activity