Science GPS Review
Grade 5
Scientific Inquiry
Problem or question
Hypothesis
Procedure
Observations
Conclusions
Earth Science
Earth’s surface is changed through
constructive and destructive processes.
If something is constructed, it is built up. If
something is destructed, it is destroyed.
Earth Science
Deposition (deltas, sand dunes) – the
dropping of sediments that have been
moved from one place to another
Earth Science
Plate tectonics – theory that giant plates of
crust are slowly moving across Earth’s
surface
Earth Science
Earthquakes – violent shaking of the Earth’s
crust as built-up energy is released
Epicenter – point on Earth’s surface directly
above the focus of an earthquake
Earth Science
Volcanoes – formed
when magma
breaks through the
surface
Earth Science
Seismic Waves – waves of energy sent
through Earth’s crust when parts of the
crust move suddenly
Faults – cracks in
the Earth’s crust
where movement
takes
Earth Science
Ring of Fire – are of many earthquakes and
volcanoes along the edge of the Pacific
Ocean
Earth Science
Surface features caused by destructive
processes:
 Erosion
 Weathering
 Impact of organisms
 Earthquakes
 Volcanoes
Earth Science
Erosion – carrying away of sediments by
moving water, wind, or ice
Erosion involves
removal and
transport.
Earth Science
Weathering – can be mechanical (rocks
broken into smaller pieces called
sediment) or chemical (rocks change into
other materials or dissolve)
Chemical weathering, takes
place when at least some of the
rock’s minerals are changed
into different substances.
Chemical processes include
rain, acid etching by plants,
oxidizing, and demineralizing by
water.
Mechanical weathering, involves
physically breaking rocks into
fragments without changing the
chemical make-up of the minerals
within them.
There are four main sources of
power for mechanical weathering.
Gravity, Water, Wind, & Waves
Of these, water appears to be the
leader in changing the surface.
Earth Science
FLOOD CONTROL:
dam – a wall across a river that controls
the flow of river water
Earth Science
FLOOD CONTROL:
levee – a wall along the banks of a river
that serves to keep the water behind it
Earth Science
FLOOD CONTROL:
storm drain – a system of pipes or
channels that carry away storm water)
Earth Science
BEACH RECLAMATION:
(Georgia coastal islands) – beach erosion
is caused by dredging (deepening bodies
of water), rivers changing direction, and
rising ocean levels – beaches can be
rebuilt through nourishment (adding more
sand), building sea walls to stop erosion
Earth Science
BEACH RECLAMATION:
Physical Science
The mass of an object is equal to the sum of
its parts.
This clay ball has a certain mass. If I break it
into pieces, the mass of the pieces will be
the same as the entire ball.
Physical Science
Physical properties of matter: color, shape,
texture, luster, density
Physical Science
Chemical properties of matter (can only be
seen when a chemical change has
happened) – air can cause rust, water,
heat
Physical Science
Physical Changes
Do not result in a new material
Ex. Folding paper
Ex. Water changing state (through changes
in temperature)
Physical Science
Chemical Changes result in a new material
being created.
Ex. Oxidation from rusting of metal or
browning of fruit
Ex. Combining vinegar and baking soda to
produce a gas
Ex. Decaying material in a compost pile
Physical Science
When a chemical change occurs, there may
also be:
 A change in temperature
 A gas being released
 A change in acidity
 A change in measurement
 A change in physical attributes (color,
texture, odor)
Physical Science
Static electricity – electric charge built up on
material
Physical Science
Electric current – a continuous flow of
electric charges
Physical Science
Complete circuit – the pathway that an
electric current follows
Physical Science
Insulators (stop electric flow) and conductors
(allow electricity to flow)
Physical Science
Parallel circuit – more than one pathway for
the electricity to follow
Physical Science
Series circuit – only one pathway for the
electricity to follow
Physical Science
Bar magnets (attract some metals) and
electromagnet (a strong temporary
magnet)
Life Science
Classify organisms into five kingdoms
(animal, plant, fungi, protists, bacteria)
Do you know that there are FIVE Kingdoms
of living things?
Moneran
One-celled
with no
membrane
around the
nucleus
Protist
Fungus
Plant
Animal
One-celled
Most are
manycelled
Manycelled
Manycelled
Life Science
Animals can be sorted into groups
(vertebrate and invertebrates)
Vertebrates can be sorted into groups (fish,
amphibian, reptile, bird, mammal)
Animals
Vertebrates
Invertebrates
Mammals
Vertebrates
Have body hair or fur
Have mammary glands that produce milk
Warm blooded
Fish
Vertebrates
Live in water
Breathe with gills
Streamlined bodies
Have cartilage or bony skeleton
Cold blooded
Mostly lay eggs
Reptiles
Vertebrates
Have dry, scaly skins
Egg laying
Breathe with lungs
Cold blooded
Amphibians
Vertebrates
Moist skin
Lay their eggs in water
Larvae have gills and live in water
Adults have lungs and live on land
Cold blooded
Birds
Vertebrates
Have feathers and wings
Lay eggs with hard shells
Breathe with lungs
Warm blooded
Animals
Vertebrates
Mammals
Fish
Invertebrates
Cnidarians
Flatworms
True worms
Reptiles
Molluscs
Amphibians
Echinoderms
Birds
Arthropods
Life Science
Plants can be sorted into groups – Vascular
(have tubes) and nonvascular (absorb
water through cells
angiosperms (vascular plant that produces
seeds from flowers), gymnosperm
(vascular plant that produces weeds, but
not flowers or fruit)
Life Science
Parts of an animal cell (membrane,
cytoplasm – jelly-like substance, nucleus –
the brain)
Life Science
Parts of a plant cell (membrane, cell wall,
cytoplasm – jelly-like substance, nucleus –
the brain, chloroplasts – make food and
provide green color)
Functions of cell parts
Life Science
Functions of cell parts
Compare and Contrast plant and animal cells.
Animal Cells
•Cell membrane
•Cytoplasm
•Vacuoles
•Nucleus
Plant Cells
•Cell wall
•Cell membrane
•Cytoplasm
•Vacuoles
•Chloroplasts
•Nucleus
Nucleus
The “brain” of the cell
Controls all of the
cellular activities
DNA is inside the nucleus
CELL MEMBRANE
 holds the cell together
 keeps all of the pieces (like the organelles
and the cytoplasm) inside the cell
 controls what goes in and out of the cell
Example: like a big plastic bag with tiny
holes in it
•SOLAR energy
radiated from the
sun is captured by
plants(chloroplast)
•Then it is
instantaneously
changed into
ELECTRICAL
energy
•Then packaged as
CHEMICAL energy
Chloroplast
Chloroplast
•photosynthesis takes place inside the chloroplast
the process in which plant use
Photosynthesis- water, carbon dioxide, and energy
form the sun to make food
Life Science
Learned behaviors (acquired traits) – table
manners and habits learned from the
family
Life Science
Inherited Traits – characteristics passed
through heredity (genes (eye color, hair
color, size)
Life Science
Genes transfer traits through DNA found in
the nucleus of cells.
Nucleus
CHROMOSOMES- are found inside
the nucleus
carry the information that
Chromosomes – determines what traits a
living thing will have
Life Science
Beneficial organisms
Help make foods
 Help make medicines
 Help fight diseases
 Help fight insects

Life Science
Harmful organisms
May cause illness
 May spoil food
 May spoil water
 May damage clothing and other items
