Introduction to Nanotechnology
Module 6
Atomic and Molecular Structure
Material Properties
Source: Life on Earth biology textbook
Source: Life on Earth biology textbook
Source: Life on Earth biology textbook
Source: Life on Earth biology textbook
Source: Life on Earth biology textbook
Source: Life on Earth biology textbook
Source: Life on Earth biology textbook
Crude representation of collagen, cellulose, or a plastic polymer
(and many other types of materials)
In reality this molecule is moving. . .
•Left and right (stretching)
•Wobbling back and forth
•Vibrating up and down
AND
The individual atoms may be vibrating or moving
So why don’t materials made out of these types of molecules just fall apart?
Because bonds are formed in between the
individual chains.
These bonds provide elasticity, strength and
cohesiveness to the structure.
Types of Unit Cells
•
Cubic Unit Cell
 a=b=c
 α = β = γ = 900
Body Centered
Simple
Face Centered
•
Tetragonal
 a =b ≠ c
 α = β = γ = 900
Figure 3.2
Simple
Body Centered
Source: W.G. Moffatt, G.W. Pearsall, & J. Wulff, “The Structure and Properties of Materials,” vol. I: “Structure,” Wiley, 1964, p. 47.
3-4
Types of Unit Cells (Cont.)
•
Orthorhombic
 a≠ b≠ c
 α = β = γ = 900
Face Centered
•
Simple
Rhombohedral
 a =b = c
 α = β = γ ≠ 900
Body Centered
Base Centered
Figure 3.2
Simple
Source: W.G. Moffatt, G.W. Pearsall, & J. Wulff, “The Structure and Properties of Materials,” vol. I: “Structure,” Wiley, 1964, p. 47.
3-5
Types of Unit Cells (Cont.)
•
Hexagonal
 a≠ b≠ c
 α = β = γ = 900
•
Monoclinic
 a≠ b≠ c
 α = β = γ = 900
•
Triclinic
 a≠ b≠ c
 α = β = γ = 900
Simple
Base
Centered
Simple
Simple
Figure 3.2
Source: W.G. Moffatt, G.W. Pearsall, & J. Wulff, “The Structure and Properties of Materials,” vol. I: “Structure,” Wiley, 1964, p. 47.
3-6
Material Properties
•
•
•
•
•
•
Strength
Elasticity
Rigidity
Hardness
Electrical conductivity
Thermal conductivity
References
•
Poole, Charles P., and Frank J. Owens. Introduction to Nanotechnology. Hoboken,
NJ: J. Wiley, 2003.
•
Wilson, Michael. Nanotechnology: Basic Science and Emerging Technologies. Boca
Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2002.