 1,000,000
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64,000
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32,000
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16,000
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8,000
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4,000
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2,000
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1,000
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500
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300
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100
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The diagram above shows a model of species divergence among some
primates. If this model is correct, the greatest genetic differences
would be found in the DNA sequences of which two species?
A. Pan troglodytes and
Lemur catta
B. Tarsius bancanus and
Cebus albifrons
C. Macaca sylvanus and
Macaca mulatta
D. Hylobates lar and
Pongo pygmaeus
A.Pan troglodytes and Lemur catta
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According to some scientists, what resulted from the environmental
conditions existing on primitive Earth illustrated above.
A. development of heterotrophic
forms of life from plants
B. migration of vertebrates to
cooler portions of Earth
C. evolution of the first heterotrophs
from aggregates of organic molecules
D. decrease in asexual reproduction
in primitive organisms
C. evolution of the first
heterotrophs from aggregates of
organic molecules
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The diagram above is a model of a cell
membrane. The most likely function of the
labeled structure is to
A. synthesize the molecules
comprising the membrane.
B. facilitate the transport of
molecules through the membrane.
C. induce the formation of a
lipid bilayer.
D. catalyze the production of
energy for the membrane.
B. facilitate the transport of
molecules through the membrane.
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In active transport, carrier proteins
A. move substances from low
concentration to high concentration
through the use of energy.
B. move substances across the
cell membrane without the
use of ATP.
C. move from low concentration
to high concentration by diffusion.
D. move small molecules through
the cell membrane by osmosis
A. move substances from low
concentration to high concentration
through the use of energy.
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The picture above shows the extent of summer Artic Sea ice in 1975 and 2005.
Which hypothesis is best supported by the changes in sea ice coverage?
A. Arctic Sea ice is migrating
away from Earth’s poles.
B. Global warming is caused by
human activity, not nature
C. Global warming occurs only at
Earth’s poles during the summer.
D. Earth’s climate is
gradually warming.
D. Earth’s climate is
gradually warming.
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Dutch elm disease is a fungal infection of elm trees that usually results in
death. The disease has killed millions of North American elm trees that
were not resistant to the fungus. Scientists have bred resistant elms by
crossing North American species with Asian species that show resistance.
Which of the following best describes how natural selection would
promote resistant elm populations once the resistance genes from the
Asian species were successfully introduced?
A. After encountering elms with
resistance genes, fungi would avoid
elms and begin to attack other
tree species
B. Resistance would spread to
all of the mature elms in a
population from the few trees
that acquired the resistance genes.
C. Elm trees with resistance genes
would survive and pass on resistance
to offspring, while trees without
resistance would more likely be killed
by the fungus.
D. By reproducing with each other,
elm trees with resistance genes
would create super-resistant elms
with twice the number of resistance genes.
C. Elm trees with resistance genes
would survive and pass on resistance
to offspring, while trees without
resistance would more likely be killed
by the fungus.
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An equation for a biochemical reaction is shown above.
Which of the following happens during this reaction?
A. ADP adds a high-energy
bond to its structure.
B. Energy from ATP is
used to make glucose.
C. ADP is metabolized to
provide oxygen to a cell
D. Energy is stored in the
molecule ATP for future use.
B. Energy from ATP is
used to make glucose.
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The illustration above shows two adult rabbits and their
offspring. In rabbits, the allele for spots (R) is
dominant to the allele for solid color (r). What is the
most likely genotype of the parents rabbits in the
illustration?
A. rr X rr
B. Rr X Rr
C. Rr X rr
D. RR X rr
C. Rr X rr
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The graph shows the results of
experiments with plant growth.
Each day, sets of plants were
removed from the soil and dried.
The cotyledons were removed and
their mass was measured. Then,
the mass of the remaining
seedlings was measured. On which
day were the mass of the
cotyledons and the mass of the
seedlings the same?
A. Day 2
B. Day 4
C. Day 8
D. Day 6
D. Day 6
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The diagram shows undisturbed sedimentary rock strata containing
fossils. Which statement best summarizes the history of this area?
A. The area was once a forest
and was replaced by a
freshwater lake.
B. The area was once a saltwater
sea and later was replaced
by a forest
C. The area was once a freshwater
lake and was replaced by a
saltwater sea.
D. The area was once a saltwater
sea and later was replaced by
a coniferous forest
B. The area was once a saltwater
sea and later was replaced
by a forest
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One issue caused by ozone depletion
is increased
A. Skin cancer cases
B. Acid rain
C. Fossil fuel emissions
D. Number of infectious
diseases
A. Skin cancer cases
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A food web is diagrammed above.
What would most likely happen if the rabbit
Population decreased as the results of another
Predator being introduced to the food web?
A. The food web would not be affected
B. The fox population would decrease
C. The bird population would decrease
D.The spider population would decrease
B. The fox population would
decrease
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The diagram above shows part of the carbon cycle. If many
trees are removed from a forest by logging, what is the most
immediate effect on the carbon cycle?
A. Increased rates of
decomposition
B. Decreased combustion of
fossil fuels
C. decreased use of
atmospheric CO2
D. Increased production of
organic compounds
C. decreased use of
atmospheric CO2
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Foresters recently noticed an apparent drop in the squirrel
population in a nearby oak-hickory forest. The squirrels eat
acorns produced on the oak trees; hawks eat squirrels. The
foresters are not sure what is causing the decline in the
squirrel population but they are concerned that both the
squirrel and hawk populations will disappear.
How could they best find an answer to their question
A. Tag and track the hawks in
the area.
B. Conduct a decade long
population study.
C. Use a computer simulation model
of the potential forest populations
D. Monitor the acorn production of
the oak trees for several seasons.
D. Monitor the acorn
production of
the oak trees for several
seasons.
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Which property of water is shown above?
A. polarity
B. pH
C. adhesion
D. solubility
A. polarity
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